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Revision as of 13:08, 4 January 2004


The Académie Française (IPA a-ka-de-mi fra~-sɛz) (literally, French Academy) is a French body founded in 1570 when King Charles IX granted the charter of an "academy of Music and Poetry" to the poet Antoine de Baïf and the musician, Gourville, who named it "Académie Française." On February 10, 1635, Cardinal Richelieu (minister of Louis XIII) expanded it into a national academy for the artistic elite.

The Académie, located in Paris, is the French official authority on usage, vocabulary, and grammar of the French language, although its recommendations carry no legal power and are even sometimes disregarded by governmental authorities. It also encourages the use of French worldwide and awards literary prizes.

As French culture and language have come under increasing pressure with the widespread availability of English media, the Académie has tried to prevent the anglicisation of the French language. It is as a direct result of a decision of the Académie that the French word for "computer" is "ordinateur" and that the field of study dealing with computers is known as "informatique."

The Académie itself is composed of forty members, known as the immortels (immortals) because they serve for life. Famous current and former immortels include author Victor Hugo, author and director Marcel Pagnol, poet and filmmaker Jean Cocteau, playwright Eugène Ionesco, anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss, and physicist Louis-Victor de Broglie.

The Académie is tasked with publishing an official dictionary of the French language. It has done so in 1694, 1718, 1740, 1762, 1798, 1835, 1878, and in 1932-1935. The Académie continues work on the most recent (ninth) 1992 edition of the dictionary, of which the first volume (A to Enzyme) appeared in 1992, and the second volume (Éocène to Mappemonde) appeared in 2000.

Members of the Académie Française

  1. René Rémond, elected 1998
  2. Hector Bianciotti, elected 1996
  3. Jean-Denis Bredin, elected 1989
  4. Jean-Marie Lustiger, elected 1995
  5. vacant
  6. Marc Fumaroli, elected 1995
  7. Jacqueline Worms de Romilly, elected 1988
  8. Michel Déon, elected 1978
  9. Alain Decaux, elected 1979
  10. Florence Delay, elected 2000
  11. Gabriel de Broglie, elected 2001
  12. Jean d'Ormesson, elected 1973
  13. Pierre Messmer, elected 1999
  14. Hélène Carrère d'Encausse, elected 1990
  15. Frédéric Vitoux, elected 2001
  16. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, elected 2003
    1. Jean Sirmond, 1634-1649
    2. Jean de Montereul, 1649-1651
    3. François Tallemant l'Aîné, 1651-1693
    4. Simon de la Loubère, 1693-1729
    5. Claude Sallier, 1729-1761
    6. Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, 1761-1784
    7. Anne-Pierre de Montesquiou-Fézensac, 1784-1798
    8. Antoine-Vincent Arnault, 1803, excluded 1816
    9. Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, 1816-1822
    10. Bon-Joseph Dacier, 1822-1833
    11. Pierre-François Tissot, 1833-1854
    12. Félix Dupanloup, 1854-1878
    13. Edme-Armand-Gaston d'Audiffret-Pasquier, 1878-1905
    14. Alexandre Ribot, 1906-1923
    15. Henri Robert, 1923-1936
    16. Charles Maurras, 1938, not excluded, but seat declared vacant in 1945
    17. Antoine de Lévis Mirepoix, 1953-1981
    18. Léopold Sédar Senghor, 1983-2001
  17. Érik Orsenna, elected 1998
  18. Michel Serres, elected 1990
  19. Pierre Moinot, elected 1982
  20. Angelo Rinaldi, elected 2001
  21. Félicien Marceau, elected 1975
  22. René de Obaldia, elected 1999
  23. Pierre Rosenberg, elected 1995
  24. Jean-François Revel, elected 1997
  25. Jean Bernard, elected 1975
    1. Claude de L'Estoile, 1634-1652
    2. Armand de Camboust, duc de Coislin, 1652-1702
    3. Pierre de Camboust, duc de Coislin, 1702-1710
    4. Henri-Charles de Coislin, 1710-1732
    5. Jean-Baptiste Surian, 1733-1754
    6. Jean Le Rond, dit d'Alembert, 1754-1783
    7. Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier, 1783, excluded 1803
    8. Jean-Étienne-Marie Portalis, 1803-1807
    9. Pierre Laujon, 1807-1811
    10. Charles-Guillaume Étienne, 1811-1816. Excluded by ordonnance; see also seat 32
    11. Marie-Gabriel-Florent-Auguste de Choiseul-Gouffier, (2nd time), 1816-1817
    12. Jean-Louis Laya, 1817-1833
    13. Charles Nodier, 1833-1844
    14. Prosper Mérimée, 1844-1870
    15. Louis de Loménie, 1871-1878
    16. Hippolyte Taine, 1878-1893
    17. Albert Sorel, 1894-1906
    18. Maurice Donnay, 1907-1945
    19. Marcel Pagnol, 1946-1974
  26. Jean-Marie Rouart, elected 1997
  27. Pierre Nora, elected 2001
  28. Henri Troyat, elected 1959
  29. Claude Lévi-Strauss, elected 1973
  30. Maurice Druon, elected 1966
  31. Jean Dutourd, elected 1978
  32. vacant
    1. Claude Favre de Vaugelas, 1634-1650
    2. Georges de Scudéry, 1650-1667
    3. Philippe de Dangeau, 1667-1720
    4. Louis-François-Armand du Plessis de Richelieu, 1720-1788
    5. François-Henri d'Harcourt, 1788-1802
    6. Lucien Bonaparte, 1803-1816. Excluded by ordonnance.
    7. Louis-Simon Auger, 1816-1829
    8. Charles-Guillaume Étienne, 1829-1845 (see also seat 25)
    9. Alfred de Vigny, 1845-1863
    10. Camille Doucet, 1865-1895
    11. Charles Costa de Beauregard, 1896-1909
    12. Hippolyte Langlois, 1911-1912
    13. Émile Boutroux, 1912-1921
    14. Pierre de Nolhac, 1922-1936
    15. Georges Grente, 1936-1959
    16. Henri Massis, 1960-1970
    17. Georges Izard, 1971-1973
    18. Robert Aron, 1974-1975
    19. Maurice Rheims, 1976-2003
  33. Michel Mohrt, elected 1985
  34. François Cheng, elected 2002
  35. Yves Pouliquen, elected 2001
  36. Jean-François Deniau, elected 1992
  37. Robert-Ambroise-Marie Carré, elected 1975
  38. François Jacob, elected 1996
  39. Bertrand Poirot-Delpech, elected 1986
  40. Pierre-Jean Rémy, elected 1988

External link

Académie's website (in French)

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