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	{{Forms of government}}

	A '''dictatorship''' is usually defined as an ] ] in which the ] is ruled by a ]. It has two possible meanings:

	*] was a ] of the ]. Roman dictators were allocated absolute power during times of emergency. Their power was originally neither arbitrary nor unaccountable, being subject to ] and requiring retrospective justification. There were no such dictatorships after the beginning of the 2nd century BCE, and later dictators such as ] and the ]s exercised power much more personally and arbitrarily.
	*In contemporary usage, dictatorship refers to an autocratic form of absolute rule by leadership unrestricted by law, ]s, or other social and political factors within the state.

	For some scholars, dictatorship is a form of government that has the power to govern without consent of those being governed, while ] describes a state that regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior of the people. In other words, dictatorship concerns the source of the governing power (where the power comes from) and totalitarianism concerns the scope of the governing power (what is the government). In this sense, dictatorship (government without people's consent) is a contrast to ] (government whose power comes from people) and totalitarianism (government controls every aspect of people's life) corresponds to ] (government emphasizes individual right and liberty). Though the definitions of the terms differ, they are related in reality as most of the dictatorship states tend to show totalitarian characteristics. When governments' power does not come from the people, their power is not limited and tend to expand their scope of power to control every aspect of people's life.

	==Postwar Era and the Cold War==
	In the ] era, dictatorship became a frequent feature of military government, especially in ], ], and ]. In the case of many African or Asian former colonies, after achieving their independence in the postwar wave of ], ] regimes were gradually transformed into personal dictatorships. These regimes often proved unstable, with the personalization of power in the hands of the ] and his/her associates, making the political system uncertain.

	It's often alleged that the rise of these dictatorships were substantially influenced by the ] dynamic. Both the ] and the ] managed to expand or maintain their influence zones by financing ] and political groups and encouraging ], especially in Africa, that have led many countries to brutal ] and consequent manifestations of authoritarianism. In Latin America the threat of either ] or ] was often used as justification for dictatorship.

	==List of dictators in modern times==

	This is an '''incomplete''' list of dictators in modern times.
	] by ], 2006. Countries marked in dark colors are authoritarian, and most often dictatorships. Most of current dictatorships are in ] and ].]]
	*] -- ] 1976 - 1988
	*] -- ] 2005-present<ref></ref>
	*] -- ] 1971 - 1979
	*] -- ] 1970 - 2000
	*] -- ] 2000-present
	*] -- ] 1952 - 1959
	*] -- ] 1966 - 1979
	*] -- ] 1967-present
	*] -- ] 1968-1982
	*] -- ] 1959 - 2008
	*] -- ] 1967 - 1989
	*] -- ] 1987-present
	*] -- ], ]
	*] -- ] 1876 - 1911
	*] -- ] 1933-34
	*] -- "Papa Doc" - Haiti
	*] -- "Baby Doc" - Haiti
	*] Bahamonde -- ] 1939 - 1975
	*] -- ] 1990 - 2000
	*] -- ] 1948 - 1953
	*] -- ] 1933 - 1945
	*] -- ] 1944-1985
	*] -- ] 1954 - 1969
	*] -- ] 1971 - 1989
	*] -- ] 2002-present
	*] -- ] 1979 - 2003
	*] -- ] 1948 - 1994
	*] -- ] 1981-1989
	*] -- ] 1994 -
	*] - ] 1991-present
	*] -- ] 1979 - 1989
	*] -- ] 1994-present
	*] -- ] 1949 - 1976
	*] -- ] 1972 - 1986
	*] -- ] 1977 - 1991
	*] -- ] 1936-1941
	*] -- ] 1981-present
	*] -- ] 1980-present
	*] -- ] 1998-2008
	*] -- ] 1922 - 1943
	*] de Nagybánya -- ] 1920-1944
	*] -- ] 1968 - 1979
	*] -- ] 1979-present
	*] -- ] 1979-present
	*] -- ] 1983 - 1989
	*] -- ] 1966 - 1973
	*] -- ] 1940 - 1944
	*] -- ]
	*] -- ] 1926 - 1935
	*] -- ] 1973 - 1990
	*] -- ] 1975 - 1978
	*] -- ] 1923 - 1930
	*] -- ] 1982 - 1983
	*] -- ] 1953 - 1957
	*] -- ] 1969 -
	*] -- ] 1940 - 1945
	*] -- ] 1932 - 1968
	*] -- ]
	*] -- ] 1967 - 1997
	*] -- ]
	*] -- ]
	*] -- ]
	*] -- ] 1924 - 1953
	*] -- ] 1954 - 1989
	*] -- ] 1968 - 1998
	*] -- ] 1949 - 1968
	*] -- ] 1992-present
	*] -- ] 1939 - 1944
	*] -- ] 1945-1980
	*] (Rafael Leonidas Trujillo y Molina) -- ]
	*] -- ] 1954-1989
	*] -- ] 2008-present
	*] -- ] 1978-present
	*] -- ] 1989-present

	==Dictatorships in fiction==
	In fiction, dictatorship has sometimes been portrayed as the political system of choice for controlling ] societies, such as in:
	*] in ]'s '']''
	*]'s '']''
	*]'s '']''
	*]'s '']''
	*] ] (called Sutler in the filmed version) in ]
	*] (later The Emperor) in the ] trilogies.
	*The Wizard in ]'s ]

	==See also==
	{{Wiktionary}}
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]

	==Further reading==
	*{{cite book \|last=Friedrich \|first=Carl J. \|coauthors=] \|title=Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy \|publisher=Praeger \|edition=2nd ed. \|year=1965}}
	*{{cite book \|last=Bueno de Mesquita\|first=Bruce\|coauthors=Alastair Smith, Randolph M. Siverson and James D. Morrow \|title=The Logic of Political Survival \|year=2003 \|publisher=] \|id=ISBN 0-262-63315-9}}


	{{Authoritarian types of rule}}

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Revision as of 16:32, 9 October 2008

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