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| Fascism in practice embodied both political and economic practices, and invites differnt comparisons. Writers who focus on the politically repressive policies of fascism feel that this definition also aptly describes ] countries, although the ] opposed |
Fascism in practice embodied both political and economic practices, and invites differnt comparisons. Writers who focus on the politically repressive policies of fascism feel that this definition also aptly describes ] countries, although the ] opposed the self-described fascist states of Italy and Germany during World War II (during that war both fascists and communists identified each other as ideological enemies) (see ]). Writers who focus on economic policies of state intervention in the market and the use of state apparatuses to broker conflicts between different classes make even broader comparisons, identifying fascism as one form of ] (an political response to the social crises brought on by the global depression in the 1930s and 1940s), of which not only Stalinist Soviet Union and Hitler's ] Germany, but Roosevelt's ] United States and Juan Peron's ] in Argentina, are examples. | ||
Revision as of 19:14, 2 January 2002
Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, refers to the authoritarian political movement founded by Benito Mussolini in 1919. The name comes from fascio, which may mean "bundle", as in a political group, but also fasces, the Roman authority symbol of a bundle of rods and axe-head.
A prime feature of Fascism was the Roman-style stiff-arm salute which was also adopted by the Nazis.
Uncapitalized it is a system of government resembling Mussolini's government, that exalts nation and often race above the individual and uses terror campaigns and modern techniques of propaganda and censorship to forcibly suppress opposition, engages in severe economic and social regimentation, and often violent nationalism and racism (ethnic nationalism).
Clear examples of fascist systems include Nazi Germany and Spain under Francisco Franco, in addition to Mussolini. Anti-communists claim also that the Soviet Union, Communist China, Cuba and nearly all other communist countries fit the definition of fascism (see totalitarianism).
Various viewpoints
Fascism in practice embodied both political and economic practices, and invites differnt comparisons. Writers who focus on the politically repressive policies of fascism feel that this definition also aptly describes communist countries, although the Soviet Union opposed the self-described fascist states of Italy and Germany during World War II (during that war both fascists and communists identified each other as ideological enemies) (see totalitarianism). Writers who focus on economic policies of state intervention in the market and the use of state apparatuses to broker conflicts between different classes make even broader comparisons, identifying fascism as one form of corporatism (an political response to the social crises brought on by the global depression in the 1930s and 1940s), of which not only Stalinist Soviet Union and Hitler's Nazi Germany, but Roosevelt's New Deal United States and Juan Peron's populism in Argentina, are examples.
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