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| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| The fist signs of settlement in Darłowo are dated around 8.000 B.C. <ref name="Darlowo"> Official page of the city</ref>. | |||
| After the fall of Celtic culture the area was influenced by contacts with Rome's merchants. Several | |||
| archeological findings of Roman coins with portaits of Roman Emperors were found around Darłowo. | |||
| On the ] a settlement of the ] called ''Rugium'' is listed in the vicinity (at the river Grabow). | On the ] a settlement of the ] called ''Rugium'' is listed in the vicinity (at the river Grabow). | ||
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| Already in the 11th century a fortified place named Dirlov or Dirlovo existed at the place where ] River entered the Baltic Sea. | Already in the 11th century a fortified place named Dirlov or Dirlovo existed at the place where ] River entered the Baltic Sea. | ||
| There is a dispute between Polish and German historians where the town of Dirlovo acquired city law. German versions names Dirlovo as town of "Rügenwalde" and claims it received city law in 1270 by the ] of the ] ], at that time also ruler of the ]. According to German version the town however decayed and in 1312 received ] from the ], who then were in charge of the area.<ref>Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.77-80, ISBN 3886802728 | |||
| </ref>. Polish sources, however, provide that the town rights were given by |
</ref>. Polish sources, however, provide that the town rights were given by three brothers Jaśko, Piotr and Wawrzyniec Święc <ref> History chapter on the official website of Darłowo (Polish) ] and German version ]</ref>. | ||
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| After a short rule by Brandenburg, the town passed to the ] in 1347<ref>Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN 3886802728</ref>, at that time ruled by the slavic brothers ], ], and ] of the ] dynasty. Bogislaw, son-in-law of king ], would become ruler of the area after the partition of Pomerania-Wolgast in 1368. This part duchy was known as ]. | After a short rule by Brandenburg, the town passed to the ] in 1347<ref>Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN 3886802728</ref>, at that time ruled by the slavic brothers ], ], and ] of the ] dynasty. Bogislaw, son-in-law of king ], would become ruler of the area after the partition of Pomerania-Wolgast in 1368. This part duchy was known as ]. | ||
| In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with ] was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the ] in 1412. In 1382 ], later the king of ], ] and ], was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459. |
In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with ] was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the ] in 1412. In 1382 ], later the king of ], ] and ], was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459. The town after his death was ruled by Polish noblewomen and widow of Erik, Zofia. A woman of remarkable beauty, she was adored by Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, who regret that due to close ties, he was unable to marry her<ref name="Darlowo"/>. Legends of Zofia's cruelty and supposed visciousness were spreaded by Germans when she angered them by pursuing close and beneficial elations with Poland by Western Pomerania, and by leading a wise policy towards Western Pomerania's self interest<ref name="Darlowo"/>. | ||
| Another significant ruler was ] (1454-1523). He studied under the eye the famous scribe of Polish court ]<ref name="Darlowo"/> and married the daughter of Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Anna<ref name="Darlowo"/>. Under his rule Darłowo experienced its golden age, as intensive trade relations were enjoyed with Poland<ref name="Darlowo"/>. | |||
| ⚫ | In 1497 and 1552 the habour of |
||
| ⚫ | In 1497 and 1552 the habour of the town, known in German as Rügenwaldermünde, and parts of the town were hit by great storms, which threw ships into the city center, and to the neighbouring Żukowo Morskie<ref name="Darlowo"/>. In 1589, 1624, 1648, 1679 and 1722 fires damaged the town. The first lighthouse was built around the year 1715. | ||
| After the death of the last ] ] in 1637, the end of the contemporary ] in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the ] between the ] and ] in the ] and the ], Brandenburg included ] with Rügenwalde in ]. The harbour of Rügenwaldermünde was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War by ], and was reconstructed by order of King ] not before 1772. | After the death of the last ] ] in 1637, the end of the contemporary ] in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the ] between the ] and ] in the ] and the ], Brandenburg included ] with Rügenwalde in ]. The harbour of Rügenwaldermünde was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War by ], and was reconstructed by order of King ] not before 1772. | ||
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| In last democratic elections ] ] 58.13% (Germany 44%) valid votes for ] (data for the county) . | In last democratic elections ] ] 58.13% (Germany 44%) valid votes for ] (data for the county) . | ||
| Before the outbreak of World War I the town had about 6,000 inhabitants, before the outbreak of World War II about 8000, all of German nationality. During World War II an important firing range operated near the town, on which some of the largest guns in history were tested: ] and ]. ] came to the town a number of times to observe these tests. In early 1945 5 556 individuals were evacuated by ships throughout the ] before ] reached the town on March 7, 1945. | Before the outbreak of World War I the town had about 6,000 inhabitants, before the outbreak of World War II about 8000, all of German nationality{{fact}}. During World War II an important firing range operated near the town, on which some of the largest guns in history were tested: ] and ]. ] came to the town a number of times to observe these tests. In early 1945 5 556 individuals were evacuated by ships throughout the ] before ] reached the town on March 7, 1945. | ||
| Prior to World War II the population of the town was entirely German. During ], the ] occupied the town. Following the ], Rügenwalde became ]. Its ] and the town was populated with ] in 1946/47. Initially it was given the Polish name Dyrłów, and later Darłów, before changing to the current name. | Prior to World War II the population of the town was entirely German{{fact}}. During ], the ] occupied the town. Following the ], Rügenwalde became ]. Its ]{{fact}} and the town was populated with ] in 1946/47. Initially it was given the Polish name Dyrłów, and later Darłów, before changing to the current name. | ||
| ==Trivia== | ==Trivia== | ||
Revision as of 13:58, 6 December 2008
Place in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland| Darłowo | |
|---|---|
 Coat of arms | |
| Country |  Poland |
| Voivodeship | West Pomeranian |
| County | Sławno |
| Gmina | Darłowo (urban gmina) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 19.93 km (7.70 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 1 m (3 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 14,380 |
| • Density | 720/km (1,900/sq mi) |
| Postal code | 76-150 and 76-153 |
| Website | http://www.darlowo.pl/ |
Darłowo ]] (in full The Royal City of Darłowo: Template:Lang-pl, Template:Lang-de) is a town at the south coast of the Baltic Sea in Middle Pomerania, north-western Poland with 14,931 inhabitants (2006). Located in Sławno County in West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, it was previously a town in Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998).
History
The fist signs of settlement in Darłowo are dated around 8.000 B.C. . After the fall of Celtic culture the area was influenced by contacts with Rome's merchants. Several archeological findings of Roman coins with portaits of Roman Emperors were found around Darłowo.
On the Ptolomeic chart a settlement of the Rugians called Rugium is listed in the vicinity (at the river Grabow).
Already in the 11th century a fortified place named Dirlov or Dirlovo existed at the place where Wieprza River entered the Baltic Sea.
There is a dispute between Polish and German historians where the town of Dirlovo acquired city law. German versions names Dirlovo as town of "Rügenwalde" and claims it received city law in 1270 by the Wizlaw II of the Danish Principality of Rügen, at that time also ruler of the Lands of Schlawe and Stolp. According to German version the town however decayed and in 1312 received Lübeck law from the Brandenburg margraves, who then were in charge of the area.. Polish sources, however, provide that the town rights were given by three brothers Jaśko, Piotr and Wawrzyniec Święc .
The German histography claims that the settlement was part of a larger process termed Ostsiedlung - "settling in the East", that influenced all of Pomerania during the High Middle Ages.
After a short rule by Brandenburg, the town passed to the Duchy of Pomerania in 1347, at that time ruled by the slavic brothers Bogislaw V (Bogusław), Wartislaw V (Warcisław), and Barnim IV of the House of Pomerania dynasty. Bogislaw, son-in-law of king Casimir III of Poland, would become ruler of the area after the partition of Pomerania-Wolgast in 1368. This part duchy was known as Pomerania-Stolp.
In 1352 the construction of the castle began, and cooperation with Hansa was initiated, with the town becoming a full member of the Hanseatic League in 1412. In 1382 Eric of Pomerania, later the king of Norway, Denmark and Sweden, was born in the town. After losing his thrones, he returned to his birthplace and began to expand his duchy and was buried at the St. Mary Church after his death in 1459. The town after his death was ruled by Polish noblewomen and widow of Erik, Zofia. A woman of remarkable beauty, she was adored by Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, who regret that due to close ties, he was unable to marry her. Legends of Zofia's cruelty and supposed visciousness were spreaded by Germans when she angered them by pursuing close and beneficial elations with Poland by Western Pomerania, and by leading a wise policy towards Western Pomerania's self interest.
Another significant ruler was Bogislaw X (1454-1523). He studied under the eye the famous scribe of Polish court Jan Dlugosz and married the daughter of Polish King Kazimierz Jagiellończyk, Anna. Under his rule Darłowo experienced its golden age, as intensive trade relations were enjoyed with Poland.
In 1497 and 1552 the habour of the town, known in German as Rügenwaldermünde, and parts of the town were hit by great storms, which threw ships into the city center, and to the neighbouring Żukowo Morskie. In 1589, 1624, 1648, 1679 and 1722 fires damaged the town. The first lighthouse was built around the year 1715.
After the death of the last Pomeranian Duke Bogislaw XIV in 1637, the end of the contemporary Thirty Years' War in 1648 and the subsequent partition of the Duchy of Pomerania between the Swedish Empire and Brandenburg-Prussia in the Peace of Westphalia and the Treaty of Stettin (1653), Brandenburg included Farther Pomerania with Rügenwalde in her Pomeranian province. The harbour of Rügenwaldermünde was destroyed during the Thirty Years' War by imperial troops, and was reconstructed by order of King Frederick II of Prussia not before 1772.
During the Napoleonic Wars its inhabitants found employment smuggling British goods to the continent. In 1871 the town, along with Prussia, became a part of the newly constitued German Empire. A railway reached the town in 1878. 289 inhabitants died throughout World War I.
In last democratic elections March 5 1933 58.13% (Germany 44%) valid votes for NSDAP (data for the county) .
Before the outbreak of World War I the town had about 6,000 inhabitants, before the outbreak of World War II about 8000, all of German nationality. During World War II an important firing range operated near the town, on which some of the largest guns in history were tested: Schwerer Gustav and Mörser Karl. Adolf Hitler came to the town a number of times to observe these tests. In early 1945 5 556 individuals were evacuated by ships throughout the Operation Hannibal before Soviet Troops reached the town on March 7, 1945.
Prior to World War II the population of the town was entirely German. During World War II, the Red Army occupied the town. Following the post-war boundary changes, Rügenwalde became Polish. Its German population was expelled and the town was populated with Poles in 1946/47. Initially it was given the Polish name Dyrłów, and later Darłów, before changing to the current name.
Trivia
The German name Rügenwalde was best known in Germany for the production of the Rügenwalder Teewurst in the town; after World War II the production was restarted in West Germany under the old name.
Population
1782: 2 255
1812: 3 136
1852: 5 060
1875: 5 174
1890: 5 296 (including 27 Catholics, 102 Jews)
1910: 5 978
1939: 8 392
1960: 9 200
1970: 11 300
1975: 12 900
1980: 13 400
2000: 15 600
See also
References
- ^ Official page of the city
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, pp.77-80, ISBN 3886802728
- History chapter on the official website of Darłowo (Polish) ] and German version ]
- Werner Buchholz, Pommern, Siedler, 1999, p.105, ISBN 3886802728
- Carlheinz Rosenow: Aus der Heimat Rügenwalde (Kreis Schlawe - Pommern) - Jahrbuch 1987. Glücksstadt 1987 (German)
External links
- Map of 1842 with Rugium in Germania Magna
- Portal Darłowo (pl)
- Forum Darłowo (pl)
- City Map Darłowo (pl)
- Official site of International Military Meeting Darłowo
- German detailed map 1:25 000 dated 1897 from Archiwum Map Zachodniej Polski (Archive of Maps of Western Poland)
54°25′N 16°25′E / 54.417°N 16.417°E / 54.417; 16.417
| Gminas of Sławno County | ||
|---|---|---|
| Urban gminas |  | |
| Rural gminas | ||