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| '''Elie Hobeika''' ,(1956–24 Jan 2002)(Arabic:وعــــد: إيلي حبيقة) |
'''Elie Hobeika''' ,(1956–24 Jan 2002)(Arabic:وعــــد: إيلي حبيقة) was a ] and ] militia commander during the ], and former Lebanese ]. According to the ], he was said to have been deeply influenced by the massacre of much of his family and of his fiancée by ] militiamen at ] in 1976. <ref name="guardian_obit"></ref> Hobeika gained notoriety as the leader of the Phalangist forces that went into the ] camps and massacred Palestinians there. | ||
| ==Personal life== | |||
| Hobeika was born in ], Lebanon. In 1978 after leaving school he joined the ]. At that time was already involved with the Phalanges movement. He went to ] to continue his studies. He married Gina Raymond Nachaty in 1981. They had a son, Joseph. <ref name="guardian_obit" /> | |||
| == The Tripartite Agreement == | == The Tripartite Agreement == | ||
| The Tripartite Agreement was an agreement intended to end the Lebanese conflict. In December 1985, the various Christian militias, the Shiite Amal Movement and the Druze Progressive Socialist Party met in Damasacus reaching agreement on political reforms as well as special relations with Syria. | |||
| http://ddc.aub.edu.lb/projects/pspa/conflict-resolution.html | |||
| A few months later however, President Amin Gemayel and Samir Geagea organised a coup against Hobeika thus rendering the agreement null and void. <ref name="Krayem"></ref> | |||
| The Syrians still interfered in the parliamentary elections of 2000 in order to defeat Mr. Elie Hobeika. As a result, many of their traditional allies, including Prime Minister Salim Al-Hoss and Maronite MP and ex-minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, were defeated at the polls. | The Syrians still interfered in the parliamentary elections of 2000 in order to defeat Mr. Elie Hobeika. As a result, many of their traditional allies, including Prime Minister Salim Al-Hoss and Maronite MP and ex-minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, were defeated at the polls. | ||
| == Lebanese Civil War == | |||
| He has been mentioned by the CIA2 KILLERS, for an alleged role in the Sabra and Shatila massacre in 1982 and for allegations that the atrocities were committed in collusion with Para-military authorities occupying west Beirut in September of 1982. "The 760 civilians were murdered by a combination of IDF Sayyeret Metkals, SLA militias of SAAD Haddad, brought on the scene by IAF C130 Hercules to BIA, and some LF militias]. Before his assassination Mr. Hobeika called a press conference. "I am in possession of evidence of my innocence concerning Sabra and Shatila. And I have evidence of what actually happened at Sabra and Shatila which will throw a completely new light on the Kahan commission report." | |||
| {{Unreferenced|date=December 2008}} | |||
| Over the next few years as support for the Lebanese Forces declined, and in 1984, Samir Geagea, Karim Pakradouni, and Elie Hobeika forced the resignation of the then commander of the Lebanese Forces, Fuad Abu Nader. Fouad Abu Nader was considered too close to Amine Gemayel (he was Gemayel's nephew). Amine, unlike his brother Bachir was disliked by all the LF leaders. Elie Hobeika was named head of the LF after Abou Nader's removal. {{Fact|date=December 2008}} | |||
| (For the full text of the agreement see Toksoz 1986, 82-83; see also Sirhal 1990, 131-148.)1985/86: " وعــــد ". | |||
| Hobeika was besieged in his Qarantina headquarters by Geagea's men (Elias el Murr was trapped with Hobeika in the same building) and was evacuated by Michel Aoun after strong American pressures. He and his supporters fled to Paris. They returned to Lebanon as a pro-Laic LF faction and were stationed in Zahle. In 1990 Hobeika supported the parliamentary faction against Syria in the war initiated by Michel Aoun. | |||
| Most of the points agreed upon in these talks found their way into the Taif Agreement of 1989 (Salem 1992a). | |||
| After the civil war ended in 1990 Hobeika became Minister for the Displaced. In October 1992 he was appointed Minister for Social Affairs and the Handicapped. He was reassigned to the Ministry of Electricity and Water in 1996, a period which saw massive power projects in Baddawi and Zahrani, Zouk And Baalbeck, and massive electrical grid installation and distribution throughout Lebanon, including the outlying areas still in turmoil with Israeli Forces in the south, hence the progress was too slow compared to the massive increase in the Megawatts needed, since little electricity projects were accomplished over 18 years of civil unrest, mainly because of the Israeli operation Grapes of Wrath. In 1998, General Emile Lahoud became president of Lebanon and appointed Selim Hoss Prime Minister.In 2000 Hobeika lost his parliament seat, due to Syrian active interference in the Polls against Hobeika. | |||
| == Lebanese Civil War == | |||
| In 1983, an Israel state inquiry named Hobeika as the man who personally directed the massacre at Sabra and Shatila. In June 2001, Chebli Mallat, a left-wing Maronite lawyer, filed a case against ] in Belgium under a law that allowed foreigners to be sued for crimes against humanity. Just before his death, Elie Hobeika publicly declared his intention to testify against Ariel Sharon about his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre in a Belgian court's trial for crimes against humanity. A Belgian senator, Josy Dubie, was quoted as saying that Hobeika had told him several days before his death that he had "revelations" to disclose about the massacres and felt "threatened". When Dubie had asked him why he did not reveal all the facts he knew immediately, Hobeika is reported to have said: "I am saving them for the trial". At a news conference, he said, "I am very interested that the trial starts because my innocence is a core issue." <ref name="guardian_obit"></ref> | |||
| Over the next few years as support for the Lebanese Forces declined, and in 1984, Samir Geagea, Karim Pakradouni, and Elie Hobeika forced the resignation of the then commander of the Lebanese Forces, Fuad Abu Nader. Fouad Abu Nader was considered too close to Amine Gemayel (he was Gemayel's nephew). Amine, unlike his brother Bachir was disliked by all the LF leaders. Elie Hobeika was named head of the LF after Abou Nader's removal. | |||
| On January 15, 1986, Oliver North led a coup, from the American Embassy in Beirut that removed Elie Hobeika from Lebanese Forces command, mainly due to Hobeika signing the Tripartite Accord(For the full text of the agreement see Toksoz 1986, 82-83; see also Sirhal 1990, 131-148.) with Nabih Berri and Walid Jumblat in full coordination with all forces in Lebanon, active politically, including the Maronite Patriarch. Hobeika was besieged in his Qarantina headquarters by Geagea's men (Elias el Murr was trapped with Hobeika in the same building) and was evacuated by Michel Aoun after strong American pressures. He and his supporters fled to Paris. They returned to Lebanon as a pro-Laic LF faction and were stationed in Zahle. In 1990 Hobeika supported the parliamentary faction against Syria in the war initiated by Michel Aoun. | |||
| After the civil war ended in 1990 Hobeika became Minister for the Displaced. In October 1992 he was appointed Minister for Social Affairs and the Handicapped. He was reassigned to the Ministry of Electricity and Water in 1996, a period which saw massive power projects in Baddawi and Zahrani, Zouk And Baalbeck, and massive electrical grid installation and distribution throughout Lebanon, including the outlying areas still in turmoil with Israeli Forces in the south, hence the progress was too slow compared to the massive increase in the Megawatts needed, since little electricity projects were accomplished over 18 years of civil unrest, mainly because of the Israeli operation Grapes of Wrath. In 1998, General Emile Lahoud became president of Lebanon and appointed Selim Hoss Prime Minister.In 2000 Hobeika lost his parliament seat, due to Syrian active interference in the Polls against Hobeika . In June 2001, Chebli Mallat, a left-wing Maronite lawyer, filed a case against Ariel Sharon in Belgium under a law that permitted to sue foreigners for crimes against humanity.Just before his death, Elie Hobeika publicly declared his intention to testify against Ariel Sharon about his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre in a Belgian court's trial for crimes against humanity. A Belgian senator, Josy Dubie, was quoted as saying that Hobeika had told him several days before his death that he had "revelations" to disclose about the massacres and felt "threatened". When Dubie had asked him why he did not reveal all the facts he knew immediately, Hobeika is reported to have said: "I am saving them for the trial". | |||
| == Assassination January 24th 2002 == | == Assassination January 24th 2002 == | ||
| Elie Hobeika was killed at the age of 45 in a huge car bomb attack at his house in the Beirut suburb of Hazmiyeh. The fact that he was to testify in Sharon's Belguim trial led some to believe that Israel was behind his assassination. <ref></ref> | |||
| ==References== | |||
| The role of Assef Shawqat's covert operatives has been evident since the January 24, 2002 car bombing in Beirut of Lebanese Member of Parliament, ex-Minister and Popular Christian political leader Mr. Elie Hobeika. The car bombings by Shawkat's operatives gave critical plausible deniability to the CIA and Mossad. Hobeika was, according to our intelligence sources, aware of the links between Shawqat, Iran, the United States, and Israel. That knowledge, and the fact mentioned in earlier intelligence reports, that he adamantly refused offers, inducing him to join this covert US strategy , since the latter part of the 1990s, and because it is a given, for people "in the know", that had he been alive today, he would be able to decipher with great ease, all these covert links, was considered dangerous in some circles in Damascus, Jerusalem, and Washington... | |||
| <References/> | |||
| == Eulogy == | |||
| Nurturing, compassionate, generous, noble,courageous, heroic, unparalleled, | |||
| Mr. Elie Hobeika. | |||
| With tears in their eyes and flowers in their hands people paid tribute to | |||
| their national hero. Sad at the loss, which can not be compensated yet pride | |||
| was all over their faces,sacrificed their son of the soil. His was a death | |||
| for a noble cause of dying for one's own country. Such men are not born | |||
| everyday, they belong to the rare class of humanity, who are an example in | |||
| themselves, and they are the ones who set precedents. And they themselves | |||
| are unprecedented... | |||
| Since January 24th 2002, I have only awakened to a nightmare--the nightmare | |||
| of life without you Elie, and this I cannot bear. The memories showing your | |||
| pictures non stop... in my mind; you are so alive and tangible that I can | |||
| almost touch you, but it is only "almost" because already I cannot. | |||
| Elie Hobeika, you were the pillar of fire before the camp and now we are | |||
| left as only the camp, alone, in the dark, and it is so cold and sad for us | |||
| all. I know we are talking in terms of a national tragedy, but how can you | |||
| try to comfort an entire people or include them in your personal pain, when | |||
| many do not stop crying, and we are mute, feeling the enormous void that is | |||
| left only by your absence? | |||
| Few truly knew you. They can still talk a lot about you, but I feel that | |||
| they know nothing about the depth of the pain, the disaster and, yes, this | |||
| terrible void, for us, the family and the friends, who are left only as the | |||
| camp, without you, our pillar of fire. | |||
| Elie, you were, and still are, our hero. I want you know that in all I have | |||
| ever done, I have always seen you before my eyes. Your esteem and love | |||
| accompanied us in every step and on every path, and we lived in the light of | |||
| your values. You never abandoned us, and now "they" have abandoned you, my | |||
| eternal hero--cold and lonely--and I can do nothing to save you, you who are | |||
| so wonderful. | |||
| People greater than I have already eulogized you, but none of them was | |||
| fortunate like myself the caress of your warm, soft hands and the | |||
| warm embrace that was just for us, or your smiles which will always say so | |||
| much, the same smile that is no more, and froze with you. I have no feelings | |||
| of revenge because my pain and loss are so big, too big. The ground has | |||
| slipped away from under our feet, and we are trying, somehow, to sit in this | |||
| empty space that has been left behind, in the meantime, without any | |||
| particular success. I am incapable of finishing, but it appears that a | |||
| strange Cabal..., a miserable person, has already finished for me. Having no | |||
| choice, I part from you, a hero, and ask that you rest in peace, that you | |||
| think about us and miss us, because we here, down below, love you so much... | |||
| our only consolation is our complete faith in our God's special place for | |||
| you, up there with him for ever, and that he will know how to take care of | |||
| the "assassins" in time... | |||
| To the angels of heaven that are accompanying you now, I ask that they watch | |||
| over you, that they guard you well, because you deserve such a guard. We | |||
| will love you Elie Hobeika, always, till the end of Time. | |||
| The secret of selling yourself is to have a product you truly believe in. | |||
| Elie Hobeika is the perfect embodiment of these words. He is a kind, | |||
| nurturing, compassionate, generous, noble,courageous, heroic, unparalleled, | |||
| unmatched, dependable, supportive, humorous, intelligent, clever, sometimes | |||
| hilarious, talented, amazing, entertaining, proud, disciplined, profoundly | |||
| interesting man. He gave me my deeply appreciated "knowledge...," and along | |||
| with tons of documents and more... . The world was my oyster as we traveled | |||
| from town to town, city to city, country to country, with the greatest man | |||
| ever, Elie Hobeika. | |||
| == Links == | |||
| 1| http://globalfire.tv/nj/04en/politics/rove.htm |National Journal]] | |||
| * | ] | |||
| 2|http://anaconda-manifesto.blogspot.com/]|Special Report]] | |||
| 3|http://phoeniciaphoenix.blogspot.com/]|Special Investigation]] | |||
| 4|http://lebaneseresistance.blogspot.com/]|Special Digest]] | |||
| 5|http://echkelon.blogspot.com/]|Special Analysis]] | |||
| 6http://hobeika.blogspot.com/ | | | |||
| 7 | |||
| 8 | | |||
| 9 HK.| | |||
| 10 | | |||
| 11 | | |||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Hobeika, Elie}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Hobeika, Elie}} | ||
Revision as of 22:56, 6 December 2008
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Elie Hobeika ,(1956–24 Jan 2002)(Arabic:وعــــد: إيلي حبيقة) was a Phalangist and Lebanese Forces militia commander during the Lebanese Civil War, and former Lebanese MP. According to the Guardian, he was said to have been deeply influenced by the massacre of much of his family and of his fiancée by Palestinian militiamen at Damour in 1976. Hobeika gained notoriety as the leader of the Phalangist forces that went into the Sabra and Shatila camps and massacred Palestinians there.
Personal life
Hobeika was born in Kleiat, Lebanon. In 1978 after leaving school he joined the Banco di Brazil. At that time was already involved with the Phalanges movement. He went to Damascus to continue his studies. He married Gina Raymond Nachaty in 1981. They had a son, Joseph.
The Tripartite Agreement
The Tripartite Agreement was an agreement intended to end the Lebanese conflict. In December 1985, the various Christian militias, the Shiite Amal Movement and the Druze Progressive Socialist Party met in Damasacus reaching agreement on political reforms as well as special relations with Syria. A few months later however, President Amin Gemayel and Samir Geagea organised a coup against Hobeika thus rendering the agreement null and void.
The Syrians still interfered in the parliamentary elections of 2000 in order to defeat Mr. Elie Hobeika. As a result, many of their traditional allies, including Prime Minister Salim Al-Hoss and Maronite MP and ex-minister Mr. Elie Hobeika, were defeated at the polls.
Lebanese Civil War
 | This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Elie Hobeika" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Over the next few years as support for the Lebanese Forces declined, and in 1984, Samir Geagea, Karim Pakradouni, and Elie Hobeika forced the resignation of the then commander of the Lebanese Forces, Fuad Abu Nader. Fouad Abu Nader was considered too close to Amine Gemayel (he was Gemayel's nephew). Amine, unlike his brother Bachir was disliked by all the LF leaders. Elie Hobeika was named head of the LF after Abou Nader's removal.
Hobeika was besieged in his Qarantina headquarters by Geagea's men (Elias el Murr was trapped with Hobeika in the same building) and was evacuated by Michel Aoun after strong American pressures. He and his supporters fled to Paris. They returned to Lebanon as a pro-Laic LF faction and were stationed in Zahle. In 1990 Hobeika supported the parliamentary faction against Syria in the war initiated by Michel Aoun.
After the civil war ended in 1990 Hobeika became Minister for the Displaced. In October 1992 he was appointed Minister for Social Affairs and the Handicapped. He was reassigned to the Ministry of Electricity and Water in 1996, a period which saw massive power projects in Baddawi and Zahrani, Zouk And Baalbeck, and massive electrical grid installation and distribution throughout Lebanon, including the outlying areas still in turmoil with Israeli Forces in the south, hence the progress was too slow compared to the massive increase in the Megawatts needed, since little electricity projects were accomplished over 18 years of civil unrest, mainly because of the Israeli operation Grapes of Wrath. In 1998, General Emile Lahoud became president of Lebanon and appointed Selim Hoss Prime Minister.In 2000 Hobeika lost his parliament seat, due to Syrian active interference in the Polls against Hobeika.
In 1983, an Israel state inquiry named Hobeika as the man who personally directed the massacre at Sabra and Shatila. In June 2001, Chebli Mallat, a left-wing Maronite lawyer, filed a case against Ariel Sharon in Belgium under a law that allowed foreigners to be sued for crimes against humanity. Just before his death, Elie Hobeika publicly declared his intention to testify against Ariel Sharon about his involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre in a Belgian court's trial for crimes against humanity. A Belgian senator, Josy Dubie, was quoted as saying that Hobeika had told him several days before his death that he had "revelations" to disclose about the massacres and felt "threatened". When Dubie had asked him why he did not reveal all the facts he knew immediately, Hobeika is reported to have said: "I am saving them for the trial". At a news conference, he said, "I am very interested that the trial starts because my innocence is a core issue."
Assassination January 24th 2002
Elie Hobeika was killed at the age of 45 in a huge car bomb attack at his house in the Beirut suburb of Hazmiyeh. The fact that he was to testify in Sharon's Belguim trial led some to believe that Israel was behind his assassination.
References
- ^ Mostyn, Trevor, Guardian.co.uk, Friday January 25 2002
- Hassan Krayem, The Lebanese Civil War and the Taif Agreement American University of Beirut
- Palestine facts