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The ] of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the ] and '']'' shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle ''et al.'' (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004). The ] of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the ] and '']'' shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle ''et al.'' (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004).


The ''Cookilaria'' group, regarded by some authorities as a subgenus, consists of the following species: Cook's, Pycroft's, De Filippi's, Stejneger's, Black-winged, Chatham Islands, Bonin, Mottled, Gould's and Collared Petrels.<ref>Onley, Derek and Paul Scofield (2007) ''Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World'' ] ISBN 978-9-7136-4332-9</ref> The ''Cookilaria'' group, regarded by some authorities as a subgenus, consists of the following species: Cook's, Pycroft's, De Filippi's, Stejneger's, Black-winged, Chatham Islands, Bonin, Mottled, Gould's and Collared Petrels.<ref>Onley, D. & Schofield, P. (2007)</ref>


'''Genus Pterodroma''' * ''Genus Pterodroma''
* ], '' Pterodroma baraui'' ** ''Pterodroma baraui'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma arminjoniana'' ** ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'', ''']'''
** Herald Petrel, ''Pterodroma (arminjoniana) heraldica'' *** ''Pterodroma (arminjoniana) heraldica'', '''Herald Petrel''', still not clear as to whether a subspecies or a separate species
* ], '' Pterodroma externa'' ** ''Pterodroma externa'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma neglecta'' ** ''Pterodroma neglecta'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma phaeopygia'' ** ''Pterodroma phaeopygia'', ''']'''
* ], ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' ** ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'', ''']'''
* ], ''Pterodroma atrata'' ** ''Pterodroma atrata'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma alba'' ** ''Pterodroma alba'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma feae'' ** ''Pterodroma feae'', ''']'''
* ] or Madeira Petrel, '' Pterodroma madeira'' ** ''Pterodroma madeira'', ''']''' or '''Madeira Petrel'''
* Canary Islands Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (]) &ndash; possibly extirpated population of extant species<!-- Ardeola 49:39 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., '''Canary Islands Petrel''', (]) &ndash; possibly extirpated population of extant species<!-- Ardeola 49:39 -->
* ], '' Pterodroma mollis'' ** ''Pterodroma mollis'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma cahow'' ** ''Pterodroma cahow'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma hasitata'' ** ''Pterodroma hasitata'', ''']'''
* ], ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' (probably ]) ** ''Pterodroma caribbaea'', ''']''', (probably ])
* ], '' Pterodroma incerta'' ** ''Pterodroma incerta'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma lessonii'' ** ''Pterodroma lessonii'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma magentae'' ** ''Pterodroma magentae'', ''']'''
* ], ''Pterodroma macroptera'' ** ''Pterodroma macroptera'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma solandri'' ** ''Pterodroma solandri'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma ultima'' ** ''Pterodroma ultima'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma inexpectata'' ** ''Pterodroma inexpectata'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma pycrofti'' ** ''Pterodroma pycrofti'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma longirostris'' ** ''Pterodroma longirostris'', ''']'''
*** ''Pterodroma (leucoptera) brevipes'', ''']''', still not clear as to whether a subspecies or a separate species
* ], '' Pterodroma brevipes''
* ], '' Pterodroma leucoptera'' ** ''Pterodroma leucoptera'', ''']'''
* Mangareva Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'' (possibly extinct) ** ''Pterodroma'' cf. ''leucoptera'', '''Mangareva Petrel''', (possibly extinct)
* ], '' Pterodroma cookii'' ** ''Pterodroma cookii'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma defilippiana'' ** ''Pterodroma defilippiana'', ''']''' or '''De Filippi's Petrel'''
* ], '' Pterodroma hypoleuca'' ** ''Pterodroma hypoleuca'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma cervicalis'' ** ''Pterodroma cervicalis'', ''']'''
* ], ''Pterodroma occulta'' ** ''Pterodroma occulta'', ''']''' or '''Vanuatu Petrel'''
* ], '' Pterodroma nigripennis'' ** ''Pterodroma nigripennis'', ''']'''
* ], '' Pterodroma axillaris'' ** ''Pterodroma axillaris'', ''']'''
* Chatham Extinct Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (])<!-- Notornis 41(S):165 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., '''Chatham Extinct Petrel''', (])<!-- Notornis 41(S):165 -->
* Henderson Island Petrel, ''Pterodroma'' sp. (])<!-- AtollRes.Bull.325 --> ** ''Pterodroma'' sp., '''Henderson Island Petrel''', (])<!-- AtollRes.Bull.325 -->
* ], ''Pterodroma jugabilis'' (]) ** ''Pterodroma jugabilis'', ''']''', (])
** ''Pterodroma rupinarum'', ''']''', (extinct)


Now '']'' (allied to ''Puffinus'')
* ], '' Pterodroma brevirostris''

Now '']'' (allied to ''Puffinus'')
* ] '' Pterodroma macgillivrayi''
* ], '' Pterodroma rostrata''
* ], ''Pterodroma becki''
* ], '' Pterodroma aterrima''
* ], ''Pterodroma rupinarum'' (extinct)


A ] ] from ], ], was described as ''Pterodroma kurodai''. ], it could belong into any genus. A ] ] from ], ], was described as ''Pterodroma kurodai''. ], it could belong into any genus.


==References== ==Footnotes==

{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==References==
* Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of ''Puffinus'' Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''6'''(1): 77–88 {{DOI|10.1006/mpev.1996.0060}} (HTML abstract) * '''Austin''', Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of ''Puffinus'' Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene Sequences. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''6'''(1): 77–88 {{DOI|10.1006/mpev.1996.0060}} (HTML abstract)
* Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998) "Cytochrome-''B'' evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Bulweria'' (Procellariidae)" ''Auk'' '''115'''(1):188-195 * '''Bretagnolle''', V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998) "Cytochrome-''B'' evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of ''Pseudobulweria'' and ''Bulweria'' (Procellariidae)" ''Auk'' '''115'''(1):188-195
* Brooke, M. (2004): ''Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0 * '''Brooke''', M. (2004): ''Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World''. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
* '''Onley''', Derek and Paul Scofield (2007) ''Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World'' ] ISBN 978-9-7136-4332-9


] ]

Revision as of 22:17, 16 February 2009

Gadfly Petrels
File:Dark rumped petrel.jpeg
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Subclass: Neornithes
Infraclass: Neoaves
Order: Procellariiformes
Family: Procellariidae
Genus: Pterodroma
Bonaparte, 1856
Species

About 35, see text.

Diversity
]

The gadfly petrels are seabirds in the bird order Procellariiformes. These medium to large petrels feed on food items picked from the ocean surface.

The short, sturdy bills of the Pterodroma species in this group, about 35 altogether, are adapted for soft prey taken at the surface; they have twisted intestines for digesting marine animals which have unusual biochemistries.

Their complex wing and face marking are probably for interspecific recognition.

These birds nest in colonies on islands and are pelagic when not breeding. One white egg is laid usually in a burrow or on open ground. They are nocturnal at the breeding colonies.

Species in taxonomic order

The taxonomy of the gadfly petrels is being reformed at the moment. Several genera have been split off over time, as they are closer to the procellarine and Puffinus shearwaters. Some subspecies have been raised to full species rank. The arrangement given here is traditional, but annotates the changes proposed by Austin (1998) and Bretagnolle et al. (1998). For the current taxonomy, see also Brooke (2004).

The Cookilaria group, regarded by some authorities as a subgenus, consists of the following species: Cook's, Pycroft's, De Filippi's, Stejneger's, Black-winged, Chatham Islands, Bonin, Mottled, Gould's and Collared Petrels.


A Pleistocene fossil from Aldabra, Indian Ocean, was described as Pterodroma kurodai. Biogeographically, it could belong into any genus.

Footnotes

  1. Onley, D. & Schofield, P. (2007)

References

  • Austin, Jeremy J. (1996): Molecular Phylogenetics of Puffinus Shearwaters: Preliminary Evidence from Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 6(1): 77–88 doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0060 (HTML abstract)
  • Bretagnolle, V., Attié, C., Pasquet, E., (1998) "Cytochrome-B evidence for validity and phylogenetic relationships of Pseudobulweria and Bulweria (Procellariidae)" Auk 115(1):188-195 PDf fulltext
  • Brooke, M. (2004): Albatrosses and Petrels Across the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. ISBN 0-19-850125-0
  • Onley, Derek and Paul Scofield (2007) Albatrosses, Petrels and Shearwaters of the World Helm Field Guides ISBN 978-9-7136-4332-9
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