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| * Cadwallon ap Cafan 632 - 635 | * Cadwallon ap Cafan 632 - 635 | ||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ---- | |||
| ⚫ | References | ||
| * The Annales Cambrae, James Ingram Edition, 1912 | * The Annales Cambrae, James Ingram Edition, 1912 | ||
| * David Nash Ford "Early British Kingdoms" | * David Nash Ford "Early British Kingdoms" | ||
| * Kessler Web | * Kessler Web | ||
| * Red4.co.uk | * Red4.co.uk | ||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 20:26, 1 February 2006
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with York. (Discuss) |
Ebrauc or Caer Ebrauc is the Cumbric name for the modern city of York. In modern Welsh it is called Efrog. It is believed that Ebrauc was originally a Brigantian settlement before it was annexed to the Roman Empire (c.71AD) and renamed by them Eboracum.
At the end of Roman rule the city briefly flourished as the capital of an independent realm. The Kingdom of Ebrauc came into existence when the great "Kingdom of the North" split in c.470 between the sons of its last High-King; Mor ap Ceneu, grandson of Coel Hen. Sometimes this new realm was called Deifr meaning "waters" (perhaps referred to the kingdom's coastal location) but was more usually named for the capital itself; Ebrauc.
Independence for Ebrauc was not to last long, for the native Britons of what the later Welsh bards were to call "the old north" or Y Gogledd Hen were disastrously fractious and were far happier to fight amongst themselves than to confront their common foes.
In 573 the men of Ebrauc went to war with what remained of the Selgovae tribe further to the north. At the Battle of Arfderydd (close to modern Arthuret in Cumbria) the joint-kings of Ebrauc were victorious in slaying their rival (King Gwenddolau ap Ceidio) and destroying his fortress of Caer Gwenddolau. Merlin himself is supposed to have been present and was said to have been one of the few survivors.
This was a pyrrhic victory for Peredur and his brother Gwrgi as only seven years later when his weakened forces moved against the Angles of Bernicia (formerly called Bryneich) they were defeated and he and his brother were killed.
Panic spread as the pagan Angles ravaged the leaderless kingdom and attacked the city of Caer Ebrauc. After what by all accounts was an heroic last battle the new king was able to escape into exile and the city fell. Once Ebrauc had been captured the territory of Deifr became an Anglo-Saxon kingdom renamed Deira.
British control of Ebrauc was briefly restored under High-King Cadwallon ap Cadfan (the King of Gwynedd) who seized the area and the city after the Battle of Meicen (Hatfield) in October 632 during which his rival, Edwin of Northumbria was killed. Cadwallon was eventually defeated and killed by Northumbrian forces under the command of Oswald of Bernicia at the Battle of Cantysgol (Hexham) in 635 after which Anglian control over York was restored.
Peredur is named as one of the kings of this realm and scholars identify him with the Sir Percival of Arthurian fame.
Kings of Ebrauc
- Einion ap Mor c.470 - c.505
- Eliffer Gosgorddfawr ap Einion c.505 - c.560
- Peredur Arueu Dur ap Eliffer c.560 - 580
- Gwrgi ap Eliffer c.560 - 580
- Gwrgant Gwron ap Peredur 580 - c.581
Restoration
- Cadwallon ap Cafan 632 - 635
References
- The Annales Cambrae, James Ingram Edition, 1912
- David Nash Ford "Early British Kingdoms"
- Kessler Web
- Red4.co.uk