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==Distribution== ==Distribution==
''Carex hirta'' is native to ], including all except the northernmost parts of the ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukwildflowers.com/Web_pages/carex_hirta_hairy_sedge.htm |title=''Carex hirta'' hairy sedge |date=March 11, 2010 |accessdate=June 1, 2011 |author=Peter Llewellyn |work=Wild Flowers of the British Isles}}</ref> It has been introduced to North America, where it is known as "hammer sedge".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAHI10 |title=''Carex hirta'' L. |work=PLANTS Profile |publisher=] |accessdate=June 1, 2011}}</ref> It was first recorded in ] in 1877, and has since been found across much of the eastern ] and ].<ref name="FNA">{{cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357237 |chapter=372. ''Carex hirta'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 975. 1753 |series=] |publisher=eFloras.org |title=Vol. 23. Cyperaceae |pages=473, 498, 500, 501}}</ref> ''Carex hirta'' is native to ], and although is found all over Ireland, England and southern Scotland, suddenly finds the central and northern climate too inhospitable and records become very scarce here.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ukwildflowers.com/Web_pages/carex_hirta_hairy_sedge.htm |title=''Carex hirta'' hairy sedge |date=March 11, 2010 |accessdate=June 1, 2011 |author=Peter Llewellyn |work=Wild Flowers of the British Isles}}</ref> It has been introduced to North America, where it is known as "hammer sedge".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=CAHI10 |title=''Carex hirta'' L. |work=PLANTS Profile |publisher=] |accessdate=June 1, 2011}}</ref> It was first recorded in ] in 1877, and has since been found across much of the eastern ] and ].<ref name="FNA">{{cite book |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242357237 |chapter=372. ''Carex hirta'' Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 975. 1753 |series=] |publisher=eFloras.org |title=Vol. 23. Cyperaceae |pages=473, 498, 500, 501}}</ref>


==Nomenclature== ==Nomenclature==

Revision as of 08:54, 1 June 2011

Carex hirta
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Carex
Subgenus: C. subg. Carex
Section: C. sect. Carex
Species: C. hirta
Binomial name
Carex hirta
L.

Carex hirta, the hairy sedge, is a species of sedge found across Europe. It has characteristic hairy leaves and inflorescences, and is the type species of the genus Carex.

Description

Flowers of Carex hirtaTerminal male spikeTwo lateral female spikes

Carex hirta grows 15–70 centimetres (6–28 in) tall, with leaves 10–50 cm (4–20 in) long and 2–5 mm (0.08–0.20 in) (occasionally up to 8 mm or 0.3 in) wide. The stems are trigonous (roughly triangular in cross-section), but with convex, rounded faces. The leaves, leaf sheaths and ligules are all hairy, although plants growing in wetter positions may be less hairy; these have sometimes been separated as C. hirta var. sublaevis by Jens Wilken Hornemann, but this may not be a worthwhile taxon. The culms bear 2–3 lateral female spikes, each 10–45 mm (0.4–1.8 in) long, and on half-ensheathed peduncles up to twice the length of the spike. There are 2–3 male spikes at the end of the culm, each 10–30 mm (0.4–1.2 in) long. The hairy utricles, male glumes and leaves make it hard to confuse Carex hirta with any other Carex species.

Distribution

Carex hirta is native to Europe, and although is found all over Ireland, England and southern Scotland, suddenly finds the central and northern climate too inhospitable and records become very scarce here. It has been introduced to North America, where it is known as "hammer sedge". It was first recorded in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1877, and has since been found across much of the eastern United States and Canada.

Nomenclature

Carex hirta is the type species of the genus Carex, and therefore also of the subgenus Carex and the section Carex. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1753 Species Plantarum, and the lectotype, from the herbarium of Adriaan van Royen, was designated by Ilkka Kukkonen in 1992.

References

Taxon identifiers
Carex hirta
  1. ^ A. C. Jermy, D. A. Simpson, M. J. Y. Foley & M. S. Porter (2007). "Carex hirta L.". Sedges of the British Isles. BSBI Handbook No. 1 (3rd ed.). Botanical Society of the British Isles. pp. 285–287. ISBN 978-0-901158-35-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. Peter Llewellyn (March 11, 2010). "Carex hirta hairy sedge". Wild Flowers of the British Isles. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  3. "Carex hirta L." PLANTS Profile. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  4. "372. Carex hirta Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 975. 1753". Vol. 23. Cyperaceae. Flora of North America. eFloras.org. pp. 473, 498, 500, 501.
  5. Ilkka Kukkonen & Heikki Toivonen (1988). J. M. Bernard (ed.). "CAREX, Trebon, Czechoslovakia, 13–23 June 1984". Aquatic Botany. 30 (1–2): 5–22. doi:10.1016/0304-3770(88)90003-4. {{cite journal}}: |chapter= ignored (help)
  6. "Carex hirta Linnaeus". The Linnaean Plant Name Typification Project. Natural History Museum. October 9, 2006. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  7. Subcommittee 3C (1992). "Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the report of Subcommittee 3C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names". Taxon. 41 (3): 552–583. JSTOR 1222833.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

External links

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