| Revision as of 06:03, 3 July 2011 editRussavia (talk | contribs)78,741 edits →Accusations of discrimination of minorities: removed as per talk page comments from August 2010 and July 2011 - it has to do with Russophobia, not anti-Estonian sentiment, and it is WP:COAT to have it on this article← Previous edit | Revision as of 06:54, 3 July 2011 edit undoRussavia (talk | contribs)78,741 edits re-ordering sections so that information will flow in accordance with what sources are talking about - i.e. Bronze soldier controversy - add some information as well - more fixes to comeNext edit → | ||
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| '''Anti-Estonian sentiment''' generally describes dislike or hate of the ] or the ]. | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| ==Allegations of anti-Estonian sentiment in Russia== | |||
| ⚫ | ==Media accounts== | ||
| ⚫ | ===Bronze Soldier controversy=== | ||
| ⚫ | The seeds of a number of recent incidents in Estonian-Russian relations can be traced back to exaggerated anti-Estonian discourse in some Russian-language ]. At various times Russian national television has effectively shaped anti-Estonian sentiment<ref>{{cite book |title=Media Manipulation and Political Control in Russia |last=Lipman |first=Maria |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2009 |publisher=Chatham House |location= |isbn= |page=10 |pages= |url=http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/13290_300109lipman.pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> with the state controlled media redoubling their anti-Estonian campaign after specific events that displeases Moscow<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32427&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=171&no_cache=1|title=Moscow stung by Estonian ban on totalitarianism's symbols|last=Socor|first=Vladimir|date=26 January 2007|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-02-12}}</ref>. The controversy over relations has featured in numerous media accounts.<ref>]: </ref><ref>] May 6, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]: by ]</ref><ref>] June 16, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>] August 2, 2005: </ref><ref>] April 7, 2007: </ref><ref>] June 21, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]/] May 16, 2007: </ref><ref>] May 14, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]: </ref><ref>]/] May 5, 2007: by ]</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | Christopher Walker and Robert Orttung allege that ]-controlled sectors of the ] took advantage of anti-Estonian sentiment during Estonia's 2007 relocation of the ], a Soviet-era statue "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" during the ].<ref>Christopher Walker and Robert Orttung, . RFE/RL, February 12, 2008</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | According to ], Senior Associate at the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program Chair of the ], anti-Estonian sentiment was intentionally escalated by Kremlin in its "search for enemies", however she also notes that even Russian democrats took Estonia's removal of the statue immediately before one of the most respected and cherished dates in the Russian calendar, to be an affront to the Russian national honour<ref>{{cite book |title=Russia--lost in Transition |last=Shevtsova |first=Lilia |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2007 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment |location= |isbn=0870032364 |page=200 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com/?id=7giTPNSJx3cC&pg=PA200&dq }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ==Accusations of sympathies with Nazism== | ||
| ⚫ | {{see also|Fascist (epithet)|Finnish Anti-Fascist Committee}} | ||
| ⚫ | The Russian government used its state controlled media to propagate anti-Estonian sentiment in order to fan the flames of ethnic Russian outrage, leading to coordinated waves of cyber attacks against Estonian internet infrastructure during the ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance |last=Mueller |first=Milton L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2010 |publisher=MIT Press |location= |isbn=9780262014595 |page=23 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qH3TAvkAtsEC&pg=PA23 |accessdate=}}</ref> As the ] ] stated at the time ''"We are witnesses to the information war against Estonia which already reminds of an ideological aggression"''.<ref>Statement made by the President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves, 30.04.2007 {{cite web | last=Sinisalu | first=Arnold | coauthors= | title=Propaganda, Information War and the Estonian-Russian Treaty Relations: Some Aspects of International Law | url=http://www.juridica.ee/international_en.php?document=en/international/2008/2/145397.ART.10.pub.php | date= | work=Juridica International | publisher= | accessdate=2009-04-04 }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | In 2007, as a response to the possibility of removal of WWII graves (in the context of the ] controversy) Russian ] issued a statement accusing "the Estonian government's intention to continue its course of representing Nazism in a heroic light and justifying its ideology".<ref></ref><ref></ref> | ||
| ⚫ | In Russia, the youth movement ] has been noted for anti-Estonian sentiments among its members; often, it is ] as anti-fascism activities.<ref></ref> | ||
| ===eSStonia=== | ====eSStonia==== | ||
| ] as part of its Estonian boycott campaign.]] | ] as part of its Estonian boycott campaign.]] | ||
| An anti-Estonian ] ], ''eSStonia'', appeared in the ]n media, on ], and at the street protests in the midst of the ] controversy in 2007. The term, a ] of ] and ], is intended to portray Estonia as a ] state.<ref name="baltic">{{cite news | url = http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/19265/ | title = If you're a real Russian, don't have any fun in Tallinn | publisher = ] | location = ] | date = 13 November 2007 | accessdate = 2008-01-26 }}</ref> | An anti-Estonian ] ], ''eSStonia'', appeared in the ]n media, on ], and at the street protests in the midst of the ] controversy in 2007. The term, a ] of ] and ], is intended to portray Estonia as a ] state.<ref name="baltic">{{cite news | url = http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/19265/ | title = If you're a real Russian, don't have any fun in Tallinn | publisher = ] | location = ] | date = 13 November 2007 | accessdate = 2008-01-26 }}</ref> | ||
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| | accessdate = 2008-12-27 }}</ref> | | accessdate = 2008-12-27 }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| ⚫ | Christopher Walker and Robert Orttung allege that ]-controlled sectors of the ] took advantage of anti-Estonian sentiment during Estonia's 2007 relocation of the ], a Soviet-era statue "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" |
||
| ⚫ | ==Media accounts== | ||
| ⚫ | The Russian government used its state controlled media to propagate anti-Estonian sentiment in order to fan the flames of ethnic Russian outrage, leading to coordinated waves of cyber attacks against Estonian internet infrastructure during the ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance |last=Mueller |first=Milton L. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2010 |publisher=MIT Press |location= |isbn=9780262014595 |page=23 |pages= |url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=qH3TAvkAtsEC&pg=PA23 |accessdate=}}</ref> As the ] ] stated at the time ''"We are witnesses to the information war against Estonia which already reminds of an ideological aggression"''.<ref>Statement made by the President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves, 30.04.2007 {{cite web | last=Sinisalu | first=Arnold | coauthors= | title=Propaganda, Information War and the Estonian-Russian Treaty Relations: Some Aspects of International Law | url=http://www.juridica.ee/international_en.php?document=en/international/2008/2/145397.ART.10.pub.php | date= | work=Juridica International | publisher= | accessdate=2009-04-04 }}</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | The seeds of a number of recent incidents in Estonian-Russian relations can be traced back to exaggerated anti-Estonian discourse in some Russian-language ]. At various times Russian national television has effectively shaped anti-Estonian sentiment<ref>{{cite book |title=Media Manipulation and Political Control in Russia |last=Lipman |first=Maria |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2009 |publisher=Chatham House |location= |isbn= |page=10 |pages= |url=http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/files/13290_300109lipman.pdf |accessdate=}}</ref> with the state controlled media redoubling their anti-Estonian campaign after specific events that displeases Moscow<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=32427&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=171&no_cache=1|title=Moscow stung by Estonian ban on totalitarianism's symbols|last=Socor|first=Vladimir|date=26 January 2007|publisher=]|accessdate=2009-02-12}}</ref>. The controversy over relations has featured in numerous media accounts.<ref>]: </ref><ref>] May 6, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]: by ]</ref><ref>] June 16, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>] August 2, 2005: </ref><ref>] April 7, 2007: </ref><ref>] June 21, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]/] May 16, 2007: </ref><ref>] May 14, 2007: by ]</ref><ref>]: </ref><ref>]/] May 5, 2007: by ]</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ==Accusations of sympathies with Nazism== | ||
| ⚫ | {{see also|Fascist (epithet)|Finnish Anti-Fascist Committee}} | ||
| ⚫ | In 2007, as a response to the possibility of removal of WWII graves (in the context of the ] controversy) Russian ] issued a statement accusing "the Estonian government's intention to continue its course of representing Nazism in a heroic light and justifying its ideology".<ref></ref><ref></ref> | ||
| ⚫ | In Russia, the youth movement ] has been noted for anti-Estonian sentiments among its members; often, it is ] as anti-fascism activities.<ref></ref> | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist|2}} | {{Reflist|2}} | ||
| ==Further reading== | |||
| * ]: | |||
| * 'Understandings of Russian Foreign Policy' by ] | |||
| * 'History, Memory, and Identity in Post-Soviet Estonia: The End of a Collective Farm' by ] | |||
| * 'Non-violence in ethnic relations in Estonia' by ] of ], published in ], Volume 27, Issue 1 (Spring 1996), pages 47–76 | |||
| * 'Ethnic relations in Estonia, 1991' by ] of ], published in ], Volume 23, Issue 2 (Summer 1992), pages 121–132 | |||
| * 'Ethnic Conflict in the Post-Soviet World: Case Studies and Analysis' by ] et al.: chapter 5, 'Ethnopolitical Conflict in Estonia' by ] | |||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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Anti-Estonian sentiment generally describes dislike or hate of the Estonian people or the Republic of Estonia.
Allegations of anti-Estonian sentiment in Russia
Bronze Soldier controversy
Christopher Walker and Robert Orttung allege that Kremlin-controlled sectors of the Russian media took advantage of anti-Estonian sentiment during Estonia's 2007 relocation of the Bronze Soldier, a Soviet-era statue "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" during the Second World War.
According to Lilia Shevtsova, Senior Associate at the Russian Domestic Politics and Political Institutions Program Chair of the Carnegie Moscow Center, anti-Estonian sentiment was intentionally escalated by Kremlin in its "search for enemies", however she also notes that even Russian democrats took Estonia's removal of the statue immediately before one of the most respected and cherished dates in the Russian calendar, to be an affront to the Russian national honour
The Russian government used its state controlled media to propagate anti-Estonian sentiment in order to fan the flames of ethnic Russian outrage, leading to coordinated waves of cyber attacks against Estonian internet infrastructure during the 2007 cyberattacks on Estonia. As the President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves stated at the time "We are witnesses to the information war against Estonia which already reminds of an ideological aggression".
eSStonia
An anti-Estonian pejorative neologism, eSStonia, appeared in the Russian media, on Runet, and at the street protests in the midst of the Bronze Soldier controversy in 2007. The term, a portmanteau of Estonia and SS, is intended to portray Estonia as a neo-Nazi state.
In April 2007, some participants in the protested outside the Embassy of Estonia in Moscow organized by the Russian youth organisation Nashi carried signs stating "Wanted. The Ambassador of the Fascist State of eSStonia" (Template:Lang-ru), referring to the then-Ambassador of Estonia to Russia Marina Kaljurand. In May 2007, members of the Young Guard of United Russia picketed the Consulate-General of Estonia in Saint Petersburg holding up pickets with slogans such as "eSStonia–the shame of Europe!" (Template:Lang-ru). The use of eSStonia in protests by Nashi and the Young Guard determined the head of the Saint Petersburg youth branch of Yabloko to file a complaint with Yury Chaika, the Prosecutor General of Russia, asking for an investigation into a possible breach of Article 282 Incitement of National, Racial, or Religious Enmity of the Criminal Code of Russia.
In November 2007, Komsomolskaya Pravda, the biggest selling daily newspaper in Russia, ran a campaign asking readers to boycott travel to Estonia, Estonian goods and services. The campaign run under the slogan "I don't go to eSStonia" (Template:Lang-ru). The Economist, in its editorial, called the term "a cheap jibe" by spelling the country's name eSStonia, President Ilves as IlveSS and Prime Minister Ansip as AnSSip, while noting the coining of the term Nashism to describe what they regard as the populist, pro-authoritarian and ultra-nationalist philosophy of Nashi, a pro-Kremlin youth movement, as an encouraging countermeasure.
Media accounts
The seeds of a number of recent incidents in Estonian-Russian relations can be traced back to exaggerated anti-Estonian discourse in some Russian-language mass media. At various times Russian national television has effectively shaped anti-Estonian sentiment with the state controlled media redoubling their anti-Estonian campaign after specific events that displeases Moscow. The controversy over relations has featured in numerous media accounts.
Accusations of sympathies with Nazism
See also: Fascist (epithet) and Finnish Anti-Fascist CommitteeIn 2007, as a response to the possibility of removal of WWII graves (in the context of the Bronze Soldier controversy) Russian State Duma issued a statement accusing "the Estonian government's intention to continue its course of representing Nazism in a heroic light and justifying its ideology". In Russia, the youth movement Nashi has been noted for anti-Estonian sentiments among its members; often, it is framed as anti-fascism activities.
See also
References
- Christopher Walker and Robert Orttung, "Russia: Putinism's Impact On The Neighbors". RFE/RL, February 12, 2008
- Shevtsova, Lilia (2007). Russia--lost in Transition. Carnegie Endowment. p. 200. ISBN 0870032364.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Mueller, Milton L. (2010). Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance. MIT Press. p. 23. ISBN 9780262014595.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Statement made by the President of Estonia Toomas Hendrik Ilves, 30.04.2007 Sinisalu, Arnold. "Propaganda, Information War and the Estonian-Russian Treaty Relations: Some Aspects of International Law". Juridica International. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ "If you're a real Russian, don't have any fun in Tallinn". Tallinn: Baltic Times. 13 November 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
- ^ Template:Ru icon Boronov, Alexander (21 June 2007). "Между прокремлевскими движениями посеяли рознь". Saint Petersburg: Kommersant. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Template:Ru icon ""Молодая Гвардия" подсчитала ненужные эстонские товары". Saint Petersburg: Rosbalt. 7 May 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- Template:Ru icon "Генпрокуратура проверяет "Наших" и "Молодую гвардию" на экстремизм". Novaya Gazeta. 21 June 2007. Retrieved 2009-01-23.
- Template:Ru icon Krasnikov, Nikita (6 November 2007). "Бронзового Cолдата перенесли за счет русских туристов!". Komsomolskaya Pravda. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Hõbemägi, Toomas (19 December 2007). "Fewer Russian tourists to stay in Tallinn for New Year's Eve". Baltic Business News. Retrieved 2009-01-26.
- "An ineffective bully". Economist. 10 May 2007. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- Lipman, Maria (2009). Media Manipulation and Political Control in Russia (PDF). Chatham House. p. 10.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - Socor, Vladimir (26 January 2007). "Moscow stung by Estonian ban on totalitarianism's symbols". Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2009-02-12.
- International Centre for Defence Studies: [tt_news]=4&tx_ttnews[backPid]=71&cHash=f1a5f211bc Russia’s Involvement in the Tallinn Disturbances
- Helsingin Sanomat May 6, 2007: Virtual harassment, but for real by Miska Rantanen
- The Moscow News: Russian Retailers Boycott Estonian Goods by Sergei Dmitriyev
- China Worker June 16, 2007: US-Russia tensions escalate by Rob Jones
- Information Centre of Fenno-Ugric People August 2, 2005: Estonian students caught in the wheels of Russia's internal politics
- Pravda April 7, 2007: Estonian Neo-Nazis regret Hitler's defeat in WWII
- Jewish Times June 21, 2007: Estonian Jews Silent Over Statue Dispute by Matt Siegel
- Johnson's Russia List/Interfax May 16, 2007: Removal Of War Monument Was Estonia's Way To Show Independence — Premier
- Reason Magazine May 14, 2007: Who Liberates the Liberators? The power struggle over an old Soviet war memorial by Cathy Young
- The U.S.–Baltic Foundation: USBF voices concern over the Russian bullying of Estonia
- NCSJ/New York Times May 5, 2007: Friction Between Estonia and Russia Ignites Protests in Moscow by Steven Lee Myers
- "Estonia "ignores" Russian accusations as graves row grows"
- "Estonia dismisses Russian charge it glorifies Nazism"
- ekspress.ee
External links
- The Raw Story/AFP April 28, 2007: Putin anger as Estonia row boils
- Sveriges Radio/Komsomolskaya Pravda May 11, 2007: Anti Estonian hysteria in northwest Russia (article contains incorrect translation from Russian)