| Revision as of 18:02, 22 August 2011 editWLU (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers52,243 edits →Bibliography: found a copy of Brame that allows for a preview← Previous edit | Revision as of 04:09, 30 August 2011 edit undoFiachraByrne (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers10,643 edits Reverted to revision 446161178 by FiachraByrne: My own page I don't need a reason do I? I want the stuff I had earlier on. (TW)Next edit → | ||
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| Infantilism, also known as autonepiophilia,<ref>{{harvnb|Mohanty|Rehman|Kar|2005|p=191}}; {{harvnb|Hickey|2006|p=355}}; {{harvnb|Laws|O'Donohue|2008|p=407}}; {{harvnb|McCammon|Knox|Schacht|2004|p=580}}; {{harvnb|Corsini|2002|p=374}}; {{harvnb|Carroll|2006|p=558}}; {{harvnb|Flora|2001|p=90}}. | |||
| '''Infantilism''', also known as '''autonepiophilia''',<ref>{{harvnb|Corsini|2002|p=}}</ref>{{sfn|Money|1986|p=}} '''adult baby syndrome''',<ref name = Russell>{{cite book | ref = harv | last = Russell | first = J | year = 2008 | title = Exploring Psychology As Studen Bk Aqa A | isbn = 1850082588 | publisher = Folens Limited | pages =}}</ref> and '''diaperism''',<ref>{{harvnb|Corsini|2002|p=}}</ref> refers to adults who act like babies, including drinking from a ] and wearing ]s.<ref name = Russell/> It involves role-playing where the individual symbolically regresses back to an infant like state.<ref name = Hickey>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Hickey|first=Eric W.|title=Sex Crimes and Paraphilia | publisher= ] |year=2006|isbn=9780131703506 | pages =355}}</ref> Sexual arousal may be derived from wearing wet diapers.<ref>{{cite book | ref = harv | last1 = McCammon | first1 = Susan | last2 = Knox | first2 = David | last3 = Schacht | first3 = Caroline | title = Choices in Sexuality | publisher = Atomic Dog Pub. | year = 2004 | isbn = 9781592600502 | pages = 580}}</ref> In infantilism, as with other forms of juvenilism, baby clothes such as diapers have a fetishistic quality.{{sfn|Money|1986|p= }} | |||
| * This term was coined by the sexologist John Money in conjunction with the Greek classicist Diskin Clay. It is derived from the Greek word for infant, ''nepon''. See {{harvnb|Money|1985|p=147}}; {{harvnb|Money|1986|p=70}}</ref> adult baby syndrome,<ref>{{harvnb|Mattoon|2003|p=205}}</ref> and diaperism,<ref>{{harvnb|Corsini|2002|p=374}}</ref> refers to sexual arousal derived from acting or dressing as an infant or from being treated like an infant.<ref>{{harvnb|Hickey|2006|p=89|}}; {{harvnb|Laws|O'Donohue|2008|p=407}}; {{harvnb|Byer|Shainberg|Galliano|1999|p=534}}; {{harvnb|Ramsland|McGrain|2010|p=5}}; {{harvnb|Burgess|Regehr|Roberts|2009|p=142}}; {{harvnb|Cantor|Blanchard|Barbaree|2009|p=531}}</ref> It involves role-playing where the individual symbolically regresses back to an infant like state.{{sfn|Hickey|2006|p=355}} Sexual arousal may be derived from wearing wet diapers.{{sfn|McCammon|Knox|Schacht|2004|p=580}} In infantilism, as with other forms of juvenilism, baby clothes such as diapers have a fetishistic quality.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=66}} | |||
| ⚫ | A typical scenario might involve being bathed, powdered and changed into diapers by one's partner, before being put to bed with a baby bottle.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=70}} Thereafter the adult baby may be comforted and pampered by their partner in the role of the parent and their diapers might be changed if wet or dirty.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=70}} For some infantilists the ritual might instead involve being scolded, spanked or chastised for having wet dirtied their diapers.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=70}} In this latter instance the mode of arousal is masochistic.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=70}} The erotic pleasure derived from either of these forms of infantilism may often replace the need for sexual intercourse in reaching orgasm.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=70}} | ||
| ==Behaviors== | |||
| ⚫ | |||
| Indeed, according to the ], infantilism constitutes a variant form of masochism.<ref>{{harvnb|Laws|O'Donohue|2008|p=407}}</ref> Many authorities support this reading in considering infantilism solely as a form of masochism.<ref>{{harvnb|Becker|Stinson|2008|p=738}}</ref> Masochism in infantilism may manifest in spanking and verbal humiliation.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=66}} However, it has been queried as to whether the criteria for masochism are invariably met in instances of infantilism.{{sfn|Laws|O'Donohue|2008|p=407}} Laws and O'Donohue argue that if infantile role playing does not include aspects of humiliation and degradation it is more appropriate to classify the condition as a "paraphilia not otherwise specified".{{sfn||Laws|O'Donohue|2008|p=407}} The sexologist William B. Arndt considers paraphilic infantilism to combine forms of fetishism, tranvestism and masochism.{{sfn|Arndt|1991|p=394}} | |||
| ⚫ | Infantilists are commonly male, are on average thirty-eight years of age, in steady employment, normally have an undergraduate level of education or higher and are usually married or in a stable relationship. |
||
| ⚫ | The sexologist John Money distinguishes between infantilism or autonepiophilia and the paraphilic diaper-wearing.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=96}} The latter, he argues, is a paraphilic fetish that manifests as an erotic attraction to an article of clothing; the former is a non-fetishistic paraphilia directed at a change of status in terms of age identity.{{sfn|Money|1986|p=96}} For this reason infantilism is considered as a form of ] which indicates in this instance that the 'paraphiliac's sexuoerotic age is dicordant with her or her actual chronological age'.{{sfn|Feierman|1990|p=455}} | ||
| ==Relation to other paraphilias== | |||
| ===Masochism=== | |||
| {{main|Sadomasochism}} | |||
| The ] states that masochists may have a "...desire to be treated as a helpless infant and clothed in diapers" and describes this as "infantilism"<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=American Psychiatric Association|title= ] | edition = IV-TR |publisher=American Psychiatric Association|location=Washington DC|year=2000|isbn=0890420246 | pages = }}</ref> and ''The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry'' describes infantilism as a variation of sexual masochism.<ref>{{cite book | first = RE | last = Hales | coauthors = Yudofsky SC; Gabbard GO | isbn = 1585622575 | title = The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing | year = 2008 | pages = | ref = harv }}</ref> ] ], in his book '']'' describes paraphilic infantilism as a possible "...adjunctive to masochistic discipline and humiliation."{{sfn|Money|1986|p = }} Psychologists D. Richard Laws and ] state that "Although infantilism is classified as a sexual masochism in the DSM-IV and DSM-IV-TR, it is questionable whether the criteria for sexual masochism are always met. For example, if the infantile role playing does not involve feelings of humiliation and suffering, then the diagnosis of sexual masochism would not be appropriate and a diagnosis of infantilism as a paraphilia is warranted."<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Laws|first1=D. Richard|last2=O'Donohue|first2=William T.|title=Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, Treatment|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2008| pages = | isbn = 9781593856052}}</ref> ] William B. Arndt considers paraphilic infantilism to combine forms of fetishism, tranvestism and masochism.<ref name = Arndt>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Arndt|first=William B.|title=Gender Disorders and Paraphilias|publisher=International Universities Press|year=1991|isbn=9780823621507 | pages = 394}}</ref> The sexologist Wilhelm Stekel considered sado-masochistic practices to be variant behaviour arising from psychosexual infantilism.<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Dailey|first=Dennis M.|title=The Sexually Unusual: A Guide to Understanding and Helping|Routledge|year=1989| pages = |isbn=0866567860}}</ref> | |||
| According to Money, the diaper fetishist, in addition to being an infantilist or autonepiophiliac and engaging in baby impersonation, may also be an infantophile who becomes sexually aroused by diaper wearing babies.{{sfn|Money|1997|p=255}} He terms this condition nepiophilia,{{sfn|Money|1997|p=255}} and he considers autonepiophilia to be its reciprocal paraphilia.<ref>{{harvnb|Money|1986|p=266}}. See also {{harvnb|Feierman|1990|p=459}}</ref> Conversely, Arndt states explicitly that, 'Infantilists are not to be confused with paedophiles who are sexually aroused by infants'.{{sfn|Arndt|1991|p=394}} This position is shared by other researchers.<ref>{{harvnb|Tiefenwerth|2007|p=111}}; {{harvnb|Holmes|Holmes|2001|p=72}}</ref> | |||
| ===Fetishism=== | |||
| ⚫ | The sexologist John Money distinguishes between infantilism or autonepiophilia and paraphilic |
||
| ⚫ | Infantilists are commonly male, are on average thirty-eight years of age, in steady employment, normally have an undergraduate level of education or higher and are usually married or in a stable relationship.{{sfn|Hickey|2006|p=355}} | ||
| ===Pedophilia=== | |||
| {{main|Pedophilia}} | |||
| Infantilism can be confused with pedophilia, though the two are not connected as infantilists are not sexually aroused by infants while pedophiles are.<ref name = Arndt/><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tiefenwerth|Thomas J.|title= Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders | publisher=Proquest|year=2007|isbn=9780549149286 | pages = }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Holmes|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Holmes|first2=Stephen T.|title=Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior | publisher = ] | year = 2008 | isbn = 1412952980 | pages = }}</ref> John Money states that diaper fetishists may be sexually attracted to daiper-wearing babies, a condition he calls nepiophilia,<ref>{{cite book|ref=harv|last=Money|first=John|title=Principles of Developmental Sexology | publisher = ] | year=1997|isbn=9780826410269 | pages = 255}}</ref> but describes infantilism as autonepiophilia in which the individual desires to ''be'' and ''impersonate'' a baby and does not desire an infant as a sexual partner.{{sfn|Money|1997|p=255}} Ray Blanchard and Kurt Freund discuss a series of ] in which they make a distinction between pedophiles who imagined themselves as young children because "...this imagery increases the subject's similarity to the sexual object (children)" while those they termed "masochistic gynaephiles" (infantilists) would imagine they were children to increase the power difference between their preferred sexual object of adult women spanking and scolding them. Freund and Blanchard make a similar distinction regarding the use of diapers, with pedophiles wearing them due to their association with children while infantilists associate them with the "role of the shamed, defenceless, punished little boy."<ref>{{cite pmid | 8481752 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Etiological theories== | ==Etiological theories== | ||
| The ] theories of infantilism are diverse. It has been hypothesised that infantilism represents a sex targetting imprinting error that may result where, as with other forms of masochism, the disciplinary component of mother and child interactions has been pronounced during the period of sexual target imprinting.<ref>{{cite book | ref = harv | last = Wilson|first=Glen Daniel|title=Variant Sexuality: Research and Theory|publisher= ] |year=1987|isbn=0709936982|pages = }}</ref> ], Ray Blanchard and Howard Barbaree in the ''Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology'' classify infantilism as an erotic identity disorder, in which the ] of infantilists are focused an altered image of themselves as an infant rather than a partner or object.<ref name = Cantor>{{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Cantor|first1=James M.|last2=Blanchard|first2=Ray|last3=Barbaree|first3=Howard|chapter=Sexual Disorders|editor=Paul H. Blaney & Theodore Millon|title=Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology|location=New York and Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press|edition=2nd|year=2009|isbn=0195374215 | pages = }}</ref> | |||
| The ] theories of infantilism are diverse. It has been hypothesised that infantilism represents a sex targetting imprinting error that may result where, as with other forms of masochism, the disciplinary component of mother and child interactions has been pronounced during the period of sexual target imprinting.{{sfn|Wilson|1987|p=107}} | |||
| ⚫ | Historically, the term infantilism was used to refer to any arrest in psycosexual development and this condition was thought by Stekel to underlie all paraphilic disorders. |
||
| ⚫ | Historically, the term infantilism was used to refer to any arrest in psycosexual development and this condition was thought by the sexologist Wilhelm Stekel to underlie all paraphilic disorders.{{sfn|Cantor|Blanchard|Barbaree|2009|p=531}} | ||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| The sexologist Wilhelm Stekel considered sado-masochistic practices to be variant behaviour arising from psychosexual infantilism.{{sfn|Dailey|1989|p=44}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| {{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
| ==References== | |||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Corsini|first=Raymond J.|title=The Dictionary of Psychology | year = 2002 | publisher = Psychology Press | isbn = 9781583913284 | url = http://books.google.ie/books?id=0uxnglHzYaoC}} | |||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Money|first=John|title=Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transpositions in Childhood, Adolescence and Maturity|publisher=Irvington Publishers|location=New York|isbn=0879754567|year=1986|url=http://books.google.ie/books?id=OpkY2Fqwx_UC}} | |||
| ---- | |||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| Line 42: | Line 28: | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Arndt|first=William B.|title=Gender Disorders and Paraphilias|publisher=International Universities Press|year=1991|isbn=9780823621507}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Arndt|first=William B.|title=Gender Disorders and Paraphilias|publisher=International Universities Press|year=1991|isbn=9780823621507}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Becker|first1=Judith V.|last2=Stinson|first2=Jill D.|chapter=Human sexuality and sexual dysfunctions|pages=729-54|editor=Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky & Glen O. Gabbard|title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2008|isbn=9781585622573}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Becker|first1=Judith V.|last2=Stinson|first2=Jill D.|chapter=Human sexuality and sexual dysfunctions|pages=729-54|editor=Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky & Glen O. Gabbard|title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|year=2008|isbn=9781585622573}} | ||
| * {{cite book | last = Brame | first = GG | coauthors = Brame WD; Jacobs J | title = Different Loving: An Exploration of the World of Sexual Dominance and Submission | publisher = ] | year = 1996 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=yA-P9ucEbYgC | isbn = 0679769560}} | |||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Burgess|first1=Ann Wolbert|last2=Regehr|first2=Cheryl|last3=Roberts|first3=Albert R.|title=Victimology: Theories and Applications|Jones and Bartlett Learning|year=2009|isbn=9780763772109}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Burgess|first1=Ann Wolbert|last2=Regehr|first2=Cheryl|last3=Roberts|first3=Albert R.|title=Victimology: Theories and Applications|Jones and Bartlett Learning|year=2009|isbn=9780763772109}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Byer|first1=Curtis O.|last2=Shainberg|first2=Louis W.|last3=Galliano|first3=Grace|title=Dimensions of Human Sexuality|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1999|isbn=9780697262608}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Byer|first1=Curtis O.|last2=Shainberg|first2=Louis W.|last3=Galliano|first3=Grace|title=Dimensions of Human Sexuality|publisher=McGraw-Hill|year=1999|isbn=9780697262608}} | ||
| Line 56: | Line 41: | ||
| * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Freund|first1=Kurt|last2=Blanchard|first2=Ray|title=Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, and fetishists|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|year=1993|volume=162|pages=558-63|doi=10.1192/bjp.162.4.558}} | * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Freund|first1=Kurt|last2=Blanchard|first2=Ray|title=Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, and fetishists|journal=British Journal of Psychiatry|year=1993|volume=162|pages=558-63|doi=10.1192/bjp.162.4.558}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Hickey|first=Eric W.|title=Sex Crimes and Paraphilia|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2006|isbn=9780131703506}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Hickey|first=Eric W.|title=Sex Crimes and Paraphilia|publisher=Pearson Education|year=2006|isbn=9780131703506}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Holmes|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Holmes|first2=Stephen T.|title=Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior|publisher=Sage|year=2001|isbn=9780761924173}} |
* {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Holmes|first1=Ronald M.|last2=Holmes|first2=Stephen T.|title=Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior|publisher=Sage|year=2001|isbn=9780761924173}} | ||
| * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Kise|first1=Kristina|last2=Nguyen|first2=Mathew|title=Adult Baby Syndrome and Gender Identity Disorder (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|doi=10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8|year=2011|issue=epub. ahead of print edition}} | * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Kise|first1=Kristina|last2=Nguyen|first2=Mathew|title=Adult Baby Syndrome and Gender Identity Disorder (letter to the editor)|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|doi=10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8|year=2011|issue=epub. ahead of print edition}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Laws|first1=D. Richard|last2=O'Donohue|first2=William T.|title=Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, Treatment|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2008|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yIXG9FuqbaIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA407|isbn=9781593856052}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Laws|first1=D. Richard|last2=O'Donohue|first2=William T.|title=Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, Treatment|publisher=Guilford Press|year=2008|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=yIXG9FuqbaIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA407|isbn=9781593856052}} | ||
| Line 71: | Line 56: | ||
| * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Pate|first1=Jennifer E.|last2=Gabbard|first2=Glen O.|title=Adult Baby Syndrome (clinical case conference)|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=160|issue=11|year=2003|pages=1932-6}} | * {{cite journal|ref=harv|last1=Pate|first1=Jennifer E.|last2=Gabbard|first2=Glen O.|title=Adult Baby Syndrome (clinical case conference)|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=160|issue=11|year=2003|pages=1932-6}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Ramsland|first1=Katherine M.|last2=McGrain|first2=Patrick Norman|title=Inside the Minds of Sexual Predators|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=9780313379604}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Ramsland|first1=Katherine M.|last2=McGrain|first2=Patrick Norman|title=Inside the Minds of Sexual Predators|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2010|isbn=9780313379604}} | ||
| * {{cite book | ref = harv | last = Russell | first = J | year = 2008 | title = Exploring Psychology As Studen Bk Aqa A | isbn = 1850082588 | publisher = Folens Limited | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=4ereiHom3d8C&source=gbs_navlinks_s}} | |||
| * {{cite book | ref = harv | last = Stekel | first = W | year = 1952 | title = Patterns of Psychosexual Infantilism | publisher = Washington Square Press | isbn = 0-87140-840-61952 }} | |||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tiefenwerth|Thomas J.|title=Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders|publisher=Proquest|year=2007|isbn=9780549149286}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Tiefenwerth|Thomas J.|title=Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders|publisher=Proquest|year=2007|isbn=9780549149286}} | ||
| * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Wilson|first=Glen Daniel|title=Variant Sexuality: Research and Theory|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=1987|isbn=0709936982|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_NUOAAAAQAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA107}} | * {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Wilson|first=Glen Daniel|title=Variant Sexuality: Research and Theory|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=1987|isbn=0709936982|url=http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=_NUOAAAAQAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA107}} | ||
Revision as of 04:09, 30 August 2011
Infantilism, also known as autonepiophilia, adult baby syndrome, and diaperism, refers to sexual arousal derived from acting or dressing as an infant or from being treated like an infant. It involves role-playing where the individual symbolically regresses back to an infant like state. Sexual arousal may be derived from wearing wet diapers. In infantilism, as with other forms of juvenilism, baby clothes such as diapers have a fetishistic quality.
A typical scenario might involve being bathed, powdered and changed into diapers by one's partner, before being put to bed with a baby bottle. Thereafter the adult baby may be comforted and pampered by their partner in the role of the parent and their diapers might be changed if wet or dirty. For some infantilists the ritual might instead involve being scolded, spanked or chastised for having wet dirtied their diapers. In this latter instance the mode of arousal is masochistic. The erotic pleasure derived from either of these forms of infantilism may often replace the need for sexual intercourse in reaching orgasm.
Indeed, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, infantilism constitutes a variant form of masochism. Many authorities support this reading in considering infantilism solely as a form of masochism. Masochism in infantilism may manifest in spanking and verbal humiliation. However, it has been queried as to whether the criteria for masochism are invariably met in instances of infantilism. Laws and O'Donohue argue that if infantile role playing does not include aspects of humiliation and degradation it is more appropriate to classify the condition as a "paraphilia not otherwise specified". The sexologist William B. Arndt considers paraphilic infantilism to combine forms of fetishism, tranvestism and masochism.
The sexologist John Money distinguishes between infantilism or autonepiophilia and the paraphilic diaper-wearing. The latter, he argues, is a paraphilic fetish that manifests as an erotic attraction to an article of clothing; the former is a non-fetishistic paraphilia directed at a change of status in terms of age identity. For this reason infantilism is considered as a form of chronophilia which indicates in this instance that the 'paraphiliac's sexuoerotic age is dicordant with her or her actual chronological age'.
According to Money, the diaper fetishist, in addition to being an infantilist or autonepiophiliac and engaging in baby impersonation, may also be an infantophile who becomes sexually aroused by diaper wearing babies. He terms this condition nepiophilia, and he considers autonepiophilia to be its reciprocal paraphilia. Conversely, Arndt states explicitly that, 'Infantilists are not to be confused with paedophiles who are sexually aroused by infants'. This position is shared by other researchers.
Infantilists are commonly male, are on average thirty-eight years of age, in steady employment, normally have an undergraduate level of education or higher and are usually married or in a stable relationship.
Etiological theories
The etiological theories of infantilism are diverse. It has been hypothesised that infantilism represents a sex targetting imprinting error that may result where, as with other forms of masochism, the disciplinary component of mother and child interactions has been pronounced during the period of sexual target imprinting.
Historically, the term infantilism was used to refer to any arrest in psycosexual development and this condition was thought by the sexologist Wilhelm Stekel to underlie all paraphilic disorders.
The sexologist Wilhelm Stekel considered sado-masochistic practices to be variant behaviour arising from psychosexual infantilism.
Notes
- Mohanty, Rehman & Kar 2005, p. 191; Hickey 2006, p. 355; Laws & O'Donohue 2008, p. 407; McCammon, Knox & Schacht 2004, p. 580; Corsini 2002, p. 374; Carroll 2006, p. 558; Flora 2001, p. 90.
- This term was coined by the sexologist John Money in conjunction with the Greek classicist Diskin Clay. It is derived from the Greek word for infant, nepon. See Money 1985, p. 147; Money 1986, p. 70
- Mattoon 2003, p. 205
- Corsini 2002, p. 374
- Hickey 2006, p. 89; Laws & O'Donohue 2008, p. 407; Byer, Shainberg & Galliano 1999, p. 534; Ramsland & McGrain 2010, p. 5; Burgess, Regehr & Roberts 2009, p. 142; Cantor, Blanchard & Barbaree 2009, p. 531
- ^ Hickey 2006, p. 355.
- McCammon, Knox & Schacht 2004, p. 580.
- ^ Money 1986, p. 66.
- ^ Money 1986, p. 70.
- Laws & O'Donohue 2008, p. 407
- Becker & Stinson 2008, p. 738
- ^ Laws & O'Donohue 2008, p. 407. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTELawsO'Donohue2008407" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ Arndt 1991, p. 394.
- ^ Money 1986, p. 96.
- Feierman 1990, p. 455.
- ^ Money 1997, p. 255.
- Money 1986, p. 266. See also Feierman 1990, p. 459
- Tiefenwerth 2007, p. 111; Holmes & Holmes 2001, p. 72
- Wilson 1987, p. 107.
- Cantor, Blanchard & Barbaree 2009, p. 531.
- Dailey 1989, p. 44.
Bibliography
- American Psychiatric Association (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association. ISBN 0890420246.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Arndt, William B. (1991). Gender Disorders and Paraphilias. International Universities Press. ISBN 9780823621507.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Becker, Judith V.; Stinson, Jill D. (2008). "Human sexuality and sexual dysfunctions". In Robert E. Hales, Stuart C. Yudofsky & Glen O. Gabbard (ed.). The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Publishing. pp. 729–54. ISBN 9781585622573.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Burgess, Ann Wolbert; Regehr, Cheryl; Roberts, Albert R. (2009). Victimology: Theories and Applications. ISBN 9780763772109.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Text "Jones and Bartlett Learning" ignored (help) - Byer, Curtis O.; Shainberg, Louis W.; Galliano, Grace (1999). Dimensions of Human Sexuality. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9780697262608.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Cantor, James M.; Blanchard, Ray; Barbaree, Howard (2009). "Sexual Disorders". In Paul H. Blaney & Theodore Millon (ed.). Oxford Textbook of Psychopathology (2nd ed.). New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195374215.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Carroll, Janell L. (2006). Sexuality Now:Embracing Diversity. Cengage Learnging. ISBN 9780495091080.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Corsini, Raymond J. (2002). The Dictionary of Psychology. Psychology Press. ISBN 9781583913284.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Croarkin, Paul; Nam, Theodore Nam; Waldrep, Douglas. "Comment on adult baby syndrome (letter)". American Journal of Psychiatry. 16 (11): 2141.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Dailey, Dennis M. (1989). The Sexually Unusual: A Guide to Understanding and Helping. ISBN 0866567860.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Text "Routledge" ignored (help) - Dickey, Robert (2007). "Commentary on 'Adult Baby Syndrome by Evcimen and Gratz (2006)' (letter to the editor)". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 36: 131–2. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9148-x.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Evcimen, Harun; Gratz, Silvia (2006). "Adult Baby Syndrome (letter to the editor)". Archives of Sexual Behaviour. 35 (2): 115–6. doi:10.1007/s10508-005-9002-6.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Feierman, Jay R. (1990). Pedophilia: biosocial dimensions. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0387972439.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Flora, Rudy (2001). How to Work with Sex Offenders: a Handbook for Criminal Justice, Human Service, and Mental Health Professionals. Routledge. ISBN 9780789014993.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Freund, Kurt; Blanchard, Ray (1993). "Erotic target location errors in male gender dysphorics, paedophiles, and fetishists". British Journal of Psychiatry. 162: 558–63. doi:10.1192/bjp.162.4.558.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hickey, Eric W. (2006). Sex Crimes and Paraphilia. Pearson Education. ISBN 9780131703506.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Holmes, Ronald M.; Holmes, Stephen T. (2001). Sex Crimes: Patterns and Behavior. Sage. ISBN 9780761924173.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Kise, Kristina; Nguyen, Mathew (2011). "Adult Baby Syndrome and Gender Identity Disorder (letter to the editor)". Archives of Sexual Behavior (epub. ahead of print edition). doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9783-8.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Laws, D. Richard; O'Donohue, William T. (2008). Sexual Deviance: Theory, Assessment, Treatment. Guilford Press. ISBN 9781593856052.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Lehne, Gregory K.; Money, John (2003). "Multiplex versus multiple taxonomy of paraphilia: case example". Sex Abuse. 15: 61–72. doi:10.1177/107906320301500105.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McCammon, Susan; Knox, David; Schacht, Caroline (2004). Choices in Sexuality. Atomic Dog Pub. ISBN 9781592600502.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mattoon, Mary Ann (2003). Chicago 1992: The Transcendent Function: Individual and Collective Aspects. Daimon. ISBN 3856305386.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Mohanty, Manoj Kumar; Rehman, Shameera; Kar, Nilamadhab (2005). "Disorders of sexual preference". In Nilamadhab Kar and Gopal Chandra Kar (ed.). Comprehensive Textbook of Sexual Medicine. Jaypee Brothers Publishers. pp. 187–207. ISBN 9788180614057.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Money, John (1985). The Destroying Angel: Sex, Fitness and Food in the Legacy of Degeneracy Theory, Graham Crackers, Kellogg's Corn Flakes and American Health History. Prometheus Books. ISBN 9780879752774.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Money, John (1986). Lovemaps: Clinical Concepts of Sexual/Erotic Health and Pathology, Paraphilia, and Gender Transpositions in Childhood, Adolescence and Maturity. New York: Irvington Publishers. ISBN 0879754567.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Money, John (1997). Principles of Developmental Sexology. Continuum. ISBN 9780826410269.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Olsson, Stig-Eric; Möller, Anders (2006). "Regret after sex reassignment surgery in a male-to-female transexual: a long-term follow-up". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 35 (4): 501–6. doi:10.1007/s10508-006-9040-8.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pandita-Gunawardena (1990). "Paraphilic infantilism: a rare case of fetishtic behaviour". British Journal of Psychiatry. 157: 767–70.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pate, Jennifer E.; Gabbard, Glen O. (2004). "Drs. Pate and Gabbard reply (letter to the editor)". American Journal of Psychiatry. 161 (11): 2142.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pate, Jennifer E.; Gabbard, Glen O. (2003). "Adult Baby Syndrome (clinical case conference)". American Journal of Psychiatry. 160 (11): 1932–6.
{{cite journal}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Ramsland, Katherine M.; McGrain, Patrick Norman (2010). Inside the Minds of Sexual Predators. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9780313379604.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Tiefenwerth (2007). Criminal Sexuality and Psychopathology: Pornography as a Contributory Risk Factor in the Psycho-Social Development of Violent Sex Offenders. Proquest. ISBN 9780549149286.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help); Text "Thomas J." ignored (help) - Wilson, Glen Daniel (1987). Variant Sexuality: Research and Theory. Taylor and Francis. ISBN 0709936982.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)