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Zinc iodide: Difference between revisions

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: Zn + I<sub>2</sub>→ ZnI<sub>2</sub> : Zn + I<sub>2</sub>→ ZnI<sub>2</sub>
At 1150 °C, zinc iodide vapour dissociates into zinc and iodine.{{Fact|date=January 2009}}<br /> At 1150 °C, zinc iodide vapour dissociates into zinc and iodine.{{Fact|date=January 2009}}<br />
In aqueous solution the following have been detected, octahedral Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>, <sup>+</sup> and tetrahedral ZnI<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>, ZnI<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>−</sup> and ZnI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF00650714|title=Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution|year=1991|author=Wakita, Hisanobu; Johansson, Georg; Sandström, Magnus; Goggin, Peter L.; Ohtaki, Hitoshi|journal=Journal of Solution Chemistry|volume=20|pages=643}}</ref> In aqueous solution the following have been detected, octahedral Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub><sup>2+</sup>, <sup>+</sup> and tetrahedral ZnI<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>, ZnI<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>−</sup> and ZnI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF00650714|title=Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution|year=1991|author=Wakita, Hisanobu; Johansson, Georg; Sandström, Magnus; Goggin, Peter L.; Ohtaki, Hitoshi|journal=Journal of Solution Chemistry|volume=20|pages=643|issue=7}}</ref>


The structure of crystalline ZnI<sub>2</sub> is unusual, and while zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ], groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn<sub>4</sub>I<sub>10</sub>}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three dimensional structure.<ref name = "Wells"> Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6 </ref> These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the ] structure.<ref name = "Wells"/> The structure of crystalline ZnI<sub>2</sub> is unusual, and while zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ], groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn<sub>4</sub>I<sub>10</sub>}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three dimensional structure.<ref name = "Wells"> Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6 </ref> These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the ] structure.<ref name = "Wells"/>

Revision as of 01:40, 10 October 2011

Zinc iodide
Names
IUPAC name Zinc iodide
Other names Zinc(II) iodide
Identifiers
CAS Number
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.030.347 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
InChI
  • InChI=1S/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2Key: UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
  • InChI=1/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2Key: UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-NUQVWONBAB
SMILES
  • II
Properties
Chemical formula ZnI2
Molar mass 319.22 g/mol
Appearance white solid
Density 4.74 g/cm
Melting point 446 °C
Boiling point 1150 ºC decomp.
Solubility in water 450 g/100mL (20 °C)
Structure
Crystal structure Tetragonal, tI96
Space group I41/acd, No. 142
Hazards
Flash point 625 °C
Related compounds
Other anions Zinc fluoride
Zinc chloride
Zinc bromide
Other cations Cadmium iodide
Mercury(I) iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). checkY verify (what is  ?) Infobox references
Chemical compound

Zinc iodide is a chemical compound of zinc and iodine, ZnI2. The anhydrous form is white and readily absorbs water from the atmosphere. It can be prepared by the direct reaction of zinc and iodine in refluxing ether. or by reacting zinc with iodine in aqueous solution:

Zn + I2→ ZnI2

At 1150 °C, zinc iodide vapour dissociates into zinc and iodine.
In aqueous solution the following have been detected, octahedral Zn(H2O)6, and tetrahedral ZnI2(H2O)2, ZnI3(H2O) and ZnI4.

The structure of crystalline ZnI2 is unusual, and while zinc atoms are tetrahedrally coordinated, as in ZnCl2, groups of four of these tetrahedra share three vertices to form “super-tetrahedra” of composition {Zn4I10}, which are linked by their vertices to form a three dimensional structure. These "super-tetrahedra" are similar to the P4O10 structure. Molecular ZnI2 is linear as predicted by VSEPR theory with a Zn-I bond length of 238 pm.

Applications

  • Zinc iodide is often used as an x-ray opaque penetrant in industrial radiography to improve the contrast between the damage and intact composite.
  • United States Patent 4109065 describes a rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell which includes an aqueous electrolytic solution containing a zinc salt selected from the class consisting of zinc bromide, zinc iodide, and mixtures thereof, in both positive and negative electrode compartments.
  • In conjunction with osmium tetroxide ZnI2 is used as a stain in electron microscopy.

References

  1. Mary Eagleson, 1994, Concise encyclopedia chemistry, Walter de Gruyter, ISBN 3110114518
  2. Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory, DeMeo, Stephen., J. Chem. Educ., (1995), 72, 836
  3. Wakita, Hisanobu; Johansson, Georg; Sandström, Magnus; Goggin, Peter L.; Ohtaki, Hitoshi (1991). "Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution". Journal of Solution Chemistry. 20 (7): 643. doi:10.1007/BF00650714.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Wells A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry 5th edition Oxford Science Publications ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  5. Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures by Alan Baker, Stuart Dutton (Ed.), AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Ast) ISBN 1-56347-540-5
  6. Plastics Failure Guide by Myer Ezrin, Hanser Gardner Publications. ISBN 1-56990-184-8
  7. United States Patent 4109065, Rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell, 1978
  8. M. A. Hayat, Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications, 2000, 4th edition, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521632870
Zinc compounds
Zinc(I)
Organozinc(I) compounds
Zinc(II)
Organozinc(II) compounds
  • Zn(CH3)2
  • Zn(C2H5)2
  • Zn(CH3COO)2
  • Zn(CH(CH3)2)2
  • Zn(C(CH3)3)2
  • Zn(C6H5)2
  • Zn(C3H5O3)2
  • ZnICH2I


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