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Scientific myth (Template:Lang-ru) - a mythical knowledge, which draws its material from science and science has the characteristic of a streamlined form.

Since methodological scientific myth can result false generalizations perception of a single event as a representative of the entire class of similar events. When this myth leaves the professional scientific community, it becomes a factual - errors of scientific methodology adopted for the mass consciousness scientifically proven fact, become the property parascience. In addition, the science itself and its prominent representatives also provide fertile ground for the modern myth-making. However, a number of contemporary philosophers develop the idea that there is an inverse relationship between science and mythology of it, in particular, speaks transtsedentalistskaya concept of myth.

Scientific mythology and science

The cause of the scientific myths is the desire of the human mind to make generalized conclusions without waiting for complete information on the subject studied. Their appearance in the science related to the study of new areas of knowledge, which was initially little reliable information. In this situation, put forward hypotheses based on empirical experience in other fields of science. In this case, the person thinking the phenomenon under study based on the experience in other areas (by analogy). In the history of science knows a lot of "epistemological myths" (such as the classic example of the Martian channels), when a strange sight with a deficit of credible information explains the reasons, based on previous experience. Scientific knowledge generates epistemological, natural-philosophical myths, where it ends, that is, in the unproven, where possible categories such as belief and unbelief.

Myths are the result of adaptation of new scientific discoveries of mass consciousness. Since major changes world view because of the rapid development of physics and astronomy at the XX century, a new wave of mythology

However, the "exchange of information" between science and mythology occurs bilaterally. So philosopher Losev wrote in his famous work "The Dialectics of Myth", which contrary to popular belief that "science wins myth", it is "always not only accompanied by mythology, but actually eats it, it pocherpaya of their original intuition ". Stanislaw Lem in his philosophical work "The amount of technology" also expressed similar views, saying that "any, even the most exact science develops not only with new theories and facts, but also due to speculation and expectations of scientists. Development justifies only a part of them. The rest are an illusion, and therefore similar to the myth. Natural philosophy myths lie at the basis of modern scientific knowledge. Even a representative of positivism as Popper believed that external stimuli create scientific theories lie in the non-scientific metaphysics and mythology.

Be that as it may, in the natural place for myths is only the first phase of research in the realm of conjecture and intuition. Then the extended position verified by the scientific method, and either pass in the category of scientific theories confirmed or refuted.

Scientific mythology and art

According to T. Chernysheva changed in the public mind the scientific view of the world are the foundation of one of the three systems of fantastic images in meaningful fiction.

Formation of scientific myths pure science is not limited to: an important role in the scientific myth-making is science fiction, science fiction and non-fiction literature.

Scientific theories, facts and events actively using fiction in their work, creating a mythology based on their age NTR.

It is difficult to overestimate the role of the development of science fiction related to the mythology story of the Golem and Frankenstein. The idea of ​​a robot first appeared in Karel Capek's play «RUR» and was viewed as pure fantasy.

Scientific myths are based on the achievements of science, but their appearance and development is more successful and faster than in science fiction (which is even called "experimental laboratory for the creation myths").

Scientific mythology and mass consciousness

Scientific mythology creates his world view, thereby solving the philosophical problems of humanity.

Accurate knowledge now directly generates the mass consciousness. L. Mumford in his paper "The Myth machine," writes about the fact that any social and technological change inevitably involves changes in the areas of mass consciousness, which are usually related to the field of mythology and religion rituals, taboos and customs. The popularity of scientific knowledge has led to the fact that in the advertising (and antireklamnyh) media campaigns are artificially created new scientific myths to promote certain goods.

Examples of scientific myths

There are many scientific myths: List of common misconceptions#Science

literature

• автор=Ковтун Е. Н. заглавие=Художественный вымысел в литературе 20 века. год=2008. издательство=Высшая школа. isbn=978-5-06-005661-7. тираж=1500. ref=Ковтун
• автор=Свен Ортоли, Никола Витковски. заглавие=Ванна Архимеда: Краткая мифология науки. место=Москва. издательство=Колибри. год=2007. isbn=978-5-98720-046-9. ref=Ортоли и Витковски
• автор=Лосев, Алексей Фёдорович. А. Ф. Лосев. часть=Раздел III: Миф не есть научное и в частности примитивно-научное построение. заглавие=Диалектика мифа. ref=Лосев
• автор=В. Н. Комаров. заглавие=Наука и миф. место=Москва. издательство=Просвещение (издательство). Просвещение. год=1988. серия=Мир знаний. страниц=191. ref=Комаров
• автор=Уваров, Михаил Семёнович. М. С. Уваров. заглавие=Бинарный архетип. Эволюция идеи антиномизма в истории европейской философии и культуры. место=СПб. издательство=Балтийский государственный технический университет «Военмех» имени Д. Ф. Устинова. БГТУ. год=1996. страниц=214. ref=Уваров

Notes and references

1. к.ф.н. docent Е. Д. Бляхер и к.ф.н. docent Л. М. Волынская (1989). "«Научная метафора: к методологии исследования трансляции знания. Раздел № 3: метафорические переносы между наукой и обществом»". «Философские науки»: 29-38. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
2. автор=П. Б. Тычкин. заглавие=Методологические аспекты конституирования мифа как элемента постнеклассической научной рациональности. издание=Известия Томского политехнического университета. год=2009. том=315. номер=6
3. ^ д. ф. н. Чернышева, Татьяна Аркадьевна Т. А. Чернышева. Научная фантастика и современное мифотворчество. Фантастика-72. Москва. издательство Молодая гвардия (издательство) Молодая гвардия. год 1972
4. ^ Комаров 1988, Человек — наука — миф. sfn error: no target: CITEREFКомаров1988 (help)
5. Лосев. Наука не рождается из мифа, но наука всегда мифологична, 2.. sfn error: no target: CITEREFЛосев._Наука_не_рождается_из_мифа,_но_наука_всегда_мифологична (help)
6. автор=Лем, Станислав. Станислав Лем. часть=Гл. 4. Интеллектроника → d. Мифы науки. заглавие=Сумма технологии
7. автор=С. В. Ренжина. заглавие=Критическая традиция в науке и образовании. издание=Известия Уральский государственный университет имени А. М. Горького. Уральского государственного университета. Общественные науки. год=2010. номер=4(83)
8. Лакатос, Имре. Имре Лакатос. «История науки и её рациональные реконструкции»
9. Ковтун. 2008. с=77
10. Ханютин Ю. М. Реальность фантастического мира. Мифология технической эры
11. Мифология и кинофантастика, М. С. Галина
12. А. Ф. Бритиков. Отечественная научно-фантастическая литература (1917—1991 годы). Книга вторая. Некоторые проблемы истории и теории жанра. В контексте фольклора и мифологии
13. журнал «Огонек». 15 сентября 1973 г. Эра роботов? Нет, мир людей. стр. № 24
14. С. Кордонский (№7, 2002). "Кризисы науки и научная мифология". Отечественные записки. Retrieved 2012-04-10. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)

• Science education
• Disproved conjectures