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| {{Use British English|date=January 2013}} | |||
| {{Infobox chess opening | |||
| |openingname = Paris Defence | |||
| |image = {{Chess diagram|= | |||
| | | |||
| | | |||
| |= | |||
| |rd| |bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|= | |||
| |pd|pd|pd| | |pd|pd|pd|= | |||
| | | |nd|pd| | | | |= | |||
| | | | | |pd| | | |= | |||
| | | |bl| |pl| | | |= | |||
| | | | | | |nl| | |= | |||
| |pl|pl|pl|pl| |pl|pl|pl|= | |||
| |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl| | |rl|= | |||
| | | |||
| }} | |||
| |moves= 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 d6 | |||
| |ECO=C50 | |||
| |nameorigin = Rodzinski vs. ], Paris 1913 | |||
| |parentopening = ] | |||
| |AKA= Semi-Italian <br />"Half" ] <br />"Lesser" Giuoco Piano | |||
| |chessgid=node=34661&move=4&moves=e4.e5.Nf3.Nc6.Bc4.d6&nodes=21720.21721.21722.21723.24145.34661 | |||
| }} | |||
| The '''Paris Defence''' is one of ]'s responses to the ].<ref name="BCO" /> It begins with the moves: | |||
| :1. ] ] | |||
| :2. ] ] | |||
| :3. ] ] | |||
| Black's intent is to play a ] with an early ...Bg4, fighting for control of the d4-square. The ] was tried by ] early in his career.<ref name="Harding, Botterill">Harding, Botterill (1977), pp. 129–30</ref><ref name="Horowitz">Horowitz (1964), pp. 40–41</ref> The first recorded use in international competition was in 1846.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} | |||
| {{algebraic notation|pos=tocleft}} | |||
| ==Lines== | |||
| ===Main line: 4.c3=== | |||
| * 4...Bg4 5.d4 Qe7 6.Be3 Nf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.Nbd2 g6 9.dxe5 and White was slightly better in ]–], Leningrad 1939 (Black won).<ref name="BCO" /><ref name="Harding, Botterill" /><ref>{{cite web | |||
| | url=http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1090700 | |||
| | title=Levenfish vs Tolush, USSR Championship 1939 | |||
| | publisher=Chessgames.com}}</ref> | |||
| * 4...Qe7 5.d4 g6 or 5.0-0 g6 is satisfactory for Black (Alekhine). | |||
| * 4...Be6 is preferred by ]. | |||
| ===4.d4=== | |||
| '''4... Bg4''' (after 4...exd4 5.Nxd4 Nf6 6.Nc3 White has the freer game according to ]; instead of 5...Nf6 ] has suggested 5...g6!?)<ref name="Harding, Botterill" /> and now: | |||
| *'''5. c3''' and now: | |||
| ** 5...Qd7 and White has some ] after either 6.d5 or 6.Bb5 (Keres), or 6.Be3 (Evans).<ref name="Harding, Botterill" /> | |||
| ** 5...Nf6 6.Qb3 +/− (Keres). | |||
| ** 5...Qf6 6.Be3 Bxf3 7.Qxf3 +/= (Keres). | |||
| ** 5...Qe7 ] to the Main line. | |||
| *'''5. h3!''' and White is slightly better,<ref name="BCO" /> for example: '''5... Bxf3 6. Qxf3''' and now: | |||
| ** 6...Nf6 7.d5 (]). | |||
| ** 6...Qf6 7.Qb3 Nd8 8.dxe5 dxe5 9.Be3 Bd6 10.Nc3 Ne7 11.Nb5 a6 12.Nxd6 Qxd6 13.0-0 Qc6 14.f4! and White had the attack in ]–], USSR 1978 (Unzicker). | |||
| ===4.h3=== | |||
| White prevents Black's thematic ...Bg4. The reply 4.h3 leads to lines similar to the ], for example: '''4... Be7 5. d4''' and now: | |||
| * 5...Nf6 6.d5 Nb8 7.Bd3 0-0 8.Be3 a5 9.g4!? (Keres preferred 9.c4) Na6 10.Qd2 c6 11.c4 Nd7 12.Nc3 Ndc5 leading to a sharp game with balanced chances in ]–Podgayets, USSR 1970.<ref name="Harding, Botterill" /> | |||
| * 5...Nxd4 6.Nxd4 exd4 7.Qh5 g6 8.Qd5 Be6 9.Qxb7 Nf6 10.Bxe6 fxe6 11.Qc6+ Kf7 12.Nd2 Qd7 13.Qc4 c5 14.0-0 d5 = Sax–Ivkov, Amsterdam 1976 (Unzicker). | |||
| ===4.Nc3=== | |||
| This transposes to the game Maslov–Lutikov, USSR 1963, which continued 4...Bg4 5.h3 Bxf3 6.Qxf3 Nf6 7.Ne2 (or 7.d3) +/= (Keres). | |||
| ==Notable game== | |||
| {{Chess diagram|= | |||
| | tright | |||
| | Rodzinski vs. Alekhine, 1913 | |||
| |= | |||
| 8 |ql| | | | |bd| |rd|= | |||
| 7 |pd| |pd|kd| | |pd|pd|= | |||
| 6 | | |nd|pd| | | | |= | |||
| 5 | | | | |pd| | | |= | |||
| 4 | | |qd| |pl| |bd| |= | |||
| 3 | | |pl| | |pl| | |= | |||
| 2 |pl|pl| |pl| | |pl|pl|= | |||
| 1 |rl|nl|bl| |kl| | |rl|= | |||
| a b c d e f g h | |||
| | Position after 11.f3 | |||
| }} | |||
| Rodzinski versus ], Paris 1913:<ref name="BCO">Kasparov, Keene (1982), pp. 308–9</ref><ref name="Harding, Botterill" /> | |||
| '''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 d6 4. c3 Bg4 5. Qb3!?''' | |||
| :5.d4, the Main line, is better. | |||
| '''5... Qd7 6. Ng5?!''' | |||
| :6.Bxf7+ Qxf7 7.Qxb7 Kd7 8.Qxa8 Bxf3 9.gxf3 Qxf3 10.Rg1 Qxe4+ 11.Kd1 Qf3+ 12.Ke1 Qe4+ = (Alekhine), or 12...e4 13.Na3 Ne5 14.Qxa7 Nd3+ 15.Kf1 = (]). | |||
| '''6... Nh6 7. Nxf7 Nxf7 8. Bxf7+ Qxf7 9. Qxb7 Kd7 10. Qxa8 Qc4 11. f3''' (see diagram) '''Bxf3! 12. gxf3 Nd4 13. d3?''' | |||
| :13.cxd4 Qxc1+ −/+ | |||
| '''13... Qxd3 14. cxd4 Be7 15. Qxh8 Bh4# 0–1''' | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist|2}} | |||
| '''Bibliography''' | |||
| {{refbegin}} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |last=Kasparov |first=Gary |authorlink=Garry Kasparov | |||
| |last2=Keene |first2=Raymond |author2-link=Raymond Keene | |||
| |title=Batsford Chess Openings | |||
| |publisher=American Chess Promotions | |||
| |year=1982 | |||
| |isbn=0-7134-2112-6}} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |author=] | |||
| |coauthors=G. S. Botterill | |||
| |title=The Italian Game | |||
| |publisher=] | |||
| |year=1977 | |||
| |isbn=0-7134-3261-6}} | |||
| *{{cite book | |||
| |author=] | |||
| |title=Chess Openings: Theory and Practice | |||
| |publisher=] | |||
| |year=1964 | |||
| |isbn=0-671-20553-6}} | |||
| {{refend}} | |||
| ] | |||