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Afghan diaspora: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 03:37, 20 June 2014 edit103.10.197.58 (talk) Undid revision 613629972 by 94.210.203.230 (talk) Rv vandalism. As per refs.← Previous edit Revision as of 13:40, 26 June 2014 edit undo94.210.203.230 (talk) You don't seem to know in the slightest what ''vandalizing'' according Wiki policy and WP:VANDAL is. Stop with it. Reverted to the correct content as of User:Mar4dNext edit →
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|group = Afghan Diaspora |group = Afghan Diaspora
|image = ] |image = ]
|languages =] |languages =], other ] and the languages spoken in the respective country of residence.
|religions = Predominantly ] and ] with small communities of Baha'is, Christians and Jews
|religions = ]
}} }}


'''Afghan diaspora''' or '''Afghan immigrants''' are ]s of ] who have ] to other countries and the people of Afghan origin who have been born outside Afghanistan. Traditionally the borders between Afghanistan and its neighboring states ]. Like many nations created by European Empires the borders often do not follow ethnic divisions and many ethnic groups and tribes present in Afghanistan are found on both sides of present day international borders.<ref name= "Carberry p. ">{{harvnb|Carberry|2013|p=}}</ref> This meant that historically there has been much movement across present day barriers.<ref name= "Carberry p. "/> '''Afghan diaspora''' or '''Afghan immigrants''' are ]s of ] who have ] to other countries, or people of Afghan origin who are born outside Afghanistan. Traditionally the borders in between Afghanistan and it's southern and eastern neighbouring state ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bu.edu/aias/reports/durand_conference.pdf|title=The Durand line:History, Consequences, and Future|accessdate=4 June 2014}}</ref> Like many nations created by European empires the borders often do not follow ethnic divisions and many ethnic groups and tribes native to Afghanistan are found on both sides of Afghanistan's present day northern and especially southern borders.<ref name= "Carberry p. ">{{harvnb|Carberry|2013|p=}}</ref> This meant that historically there was much movement across present day barriers.<ref name= "Carberry p. "/>


However since the ] refugees have fled into the surrounding states. After the Soviet pullout the ensuing internal civil war, Taliban conquest and most recently the ] since 2001, have all meant a constant state warfare in Afghanistan. Millions have fled this periodically surging violence, with some returning in times of relative peace, only to flee again when renewed fighting breaks out. About six million ] have fled to neighboring Pakistan and Iran, making ] the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title it has held for 32 years.<ref name= "BBC News p. "/> 95% of Afghan refugees are located in either Iran or Pakistan.<ref name= "BBC News p. ">{{harvnb|BBC News|2013|p=}}</ref> Some NATO countries have also taken in Afghans that had worked with their respective forces in Afghanistan as refugees.<ref name= "Stainburn p. ">{{harvnb|Stainburn|2013|p=}}</ref> Meanwhile, ethnic minorities of Afghan Sikhs and Hindus have often fled to India.<ref name= "Bose p. ">{{harvnb|Bose|2006|p=}}</ref> However ever since the ] refugees have fled into the surrounding states. After the Soviets left, civil war, Taliban conquest and most recently the ] have meant constant warfare in Afghanistan. Millions have fled the violence, then in times of relative peace returned only to flee again when renewed fighting broke out. About six million ] have fled to neighboring Pakistan (mainly ]) and Iran, making ] the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title it has held for 32 years.<ref name= "BBC News p. "/> 95% of Afghan refugees are located in either Iran or Pakistan.<ref name= "BBC News p. ">{{harvnb|BBC News|2013|p=}}</ref> Some NATO countries that were part of the NATO forces took in refugees or Afghans that worked with their respective forces.<ref name= "Stainburn p. ">{{harvnb|Stainburn|2013|p=}}</ref> Ethnic minorities, like Afghan Sikhs and Hindus, often fled to India.<ref name= "Bose p. ">{{harvnb|Bose|2006|p=}}</ref>


In 2013, more than 2.8 million Afghan refugees were living in Iran with only 0.8 million of them being registered as legal migrants and rest living as illegal refugees in Iran. Similarly 1.5 million officially registered Afghan refugees were reported to be living in Pakistan in addition to approximately one million more illegal refugees.<ref name="nytimes.com">http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/world/asia/for-afghan-refugees-in-iran-painful-contradictions.html?hpw&rref=world</ref><ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees p. ">{{harvnb|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|2013|p=}}</ref> In 2013, more than 2.8 million Afghan refugees were living in Iran with only 0.8 million of them being registered as legal migrants and rest living as illegal refugees in Iran. Similarly 1.5 million officially registered Afghan refugees were reported to be living in Pakistan in addition to approximately one million more illegal refugees.<ref name= "Nordland p. ">{{harvnb|Nordland|2013|p=}}</ref><ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees p. ">{{harvnb|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees|2013|p=}}</ref>


As shown in the table below, the refugees (both legal & illegal) have fled Afghanistan in four main waves:<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref name= "National Geographic Society p. 1">{{harvnb|National Geographic Society|2013|p=1}}</ref> As shown in the table below, the refugees (both legal and illegal) fled Afghanistan in four main waves:<ref name= "Nordland p. "/><ref name= "National Geographic Society p. 1">{{harvnb|National Geographic Society|2013|p=1}}</ref>


*] *]
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! ] ! ]
! colspan="2"| ] - {{abbr|Present|Check annotation for date}} ! colspan="2"| ] - {{abbr|Present|Check annotation for date}}
⚫ |-
⚫ |{{flagicon|Iran}} ]
⚫ |align=right|{{sort|3100000|3,100,000 <ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1999 p. "/>}}
⚫ |align=right|
⚫ |
⚫ |align=right| {{sort|2800000|2,800,000}}
|<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Iran p. ">{{harvnb|United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees Iran|2013|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref|2013|group="A"}}
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Pakistan}} ] |{{flagicon|Pakistan}} ]
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|align=right| |align=right|
| |
|align=right|{{sort|2000000 - 2500000|2,000,000 - 2,500,000}} |align=right|{{sort|2500000|2,500,000}}
|<ref name="nytimes.com"/><ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees p. "/>{{#tag:ref|2013|group="A"}} |<ref name= "Nordland p. "/><ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees p. "/>{{#tag:ref|2013|group="A"}}
⚫ |-
⚫ |{{flagicon|Iran}} ]
⚫ |align=right|{{sort|3100000|3,100,000 <ref name= "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1999 p. "/>}}
⚫ |align=right|
⚫ |
|align=right| {{sort|1452513 - 2,400,000|1,452,513 - 2,400,000}}
|<ref></ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-25007379|title=Afghan refugees in Iran|accessdate=15 May 2014}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|2013|group="A"}}
|- |-
|{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} ] |{{flagicon|United Arab Emirates}} ]
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|align=right|19,416 |align=right|19,416
|<ref name= "Australian Bureau of Statistics p. ">{{harvnb|Australian Bureau of Statistics|2006|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref| 2006 census|group="A"}} |<ref name= "Australian Bureau of Statistics p. ">{{harvnb|Australian Bureau of Statistics|2006|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref| 2006 census|group="A"}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Denmark}} ]
|align=right|
|
|
|align=right|15,854
|<ref name= "Denmark Bureau of Statistics p. ">{{harvnb|Denmark Bureau of Statistics|2014|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref| 2006 census|group="A"}}
|- |-
|{{flagicon|India}} ] |{{flagicon|India}} ]
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|align=right|{{sort|2600|2,600}} |align=right|{{sort|2600|2,600}}
|<ref name= "Iqbal p. ">{{harvnb|Iqbal|2012|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref| 2012 news report|group="A"}} |<ref name= "Iqbal p. ">{{harvnb|Iqbal|2012|p=}}</ref> {{#tag:ref| 2012 news report|group="A"}}
|-
|{{flagicon|Syria}} Syria
|align=right|
|align=right|
|align=right|
⚫ |align=right| {{sort|1750|1,750}}
|<ref></ref> {{#tag:ref| 2013 UNHCR report|group="A"}}
|- |-
|{{flagicon|Turkey}} ] |{{flagicon|Turkey}} ]
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*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Bose|first=Nayana |date=March 10, 2006|url = http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/news/opendoc.htm?tbl=NEWS&id=441190254&page=news|title = Afghan refugees in India become Indian, at last|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Bose|first=Nayana |date=March 10, 2006|url = http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/news/opendoc.htm?tbl=NEWS&id=441190254&page=news|title = Afghan refugees in India become Indian, at last|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=BBC News|authorlink=BBC News|date=June 19, 2013|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22963060|title = More than seven million refugees displaced in 2012 - UN|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=BBC News|authorlink=BBC News|date=June 19, 2013|url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-22963060|title = More than seven million refugees displaced in 2012 - UN|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Carberry|first=Sean |date=May 7, 2013|year=2013|url = http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/181823814/afghan-pakistani-forces-exchange-fire-along-shared-border|title = Afghan-Pakistani Forces Exchange Fire Along Shared Border|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 8, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Carberry|first=Sean |date=May 7, 2013|url = http://www.npr.org/2013/05/07/181823814/afghan-pakistani-forces-exchange-fire-along-shared-border|title = Afghan-Pakistani Forces Exchange Fire Along Shared Border|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 8, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Erlich|first=Aaron |date=July 2006|year=2006|url = http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=411|title = Tajikistan: From Refugee Sender to Labor Exporter|format = |publisher = Migration Policy Institute | accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Erlich|first=Aaron |date=July 2006|year=2006|url = http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=411|title = Tajikistan: From Refugee Sender to Labor Exporter|format = |publisher = Migration Policy Institute | accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Haug|first=Dr. habil. Sonja|last2=Müssig|first2=Stephanie M.A. & Dr. Anja Stichs| title = Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge und Migration : Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland|edition=2009|year=2009| publisher = | isbn= |language=German}} *{{cite book |ref=harv|last=Haug|first=Dr. habil. Sonja|last2=Müssig|first2=Stephanie M.A. & Dr. Anja Stichs| title = Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge und Migration : Muslimisches Leben in Deutschland|edition=2009|year=2009| publisher = | isbn= |language=German}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Iqbal|first=Mohamed |date=July 7, 2012|year=2012|url = http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/200331-kabul-looks-to-qatar-support-at-aid-meet.html|title = Kabul looks to Qatar support at aid meet|publisher = ]| accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Iqbal|first=Mohamed |date=July 7, 2012|url = http://www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/qatar/200331-kabul-looks-to-qatar-support-at-aid-meet.html|title = Kabul looks to Qatar support at aid meet|publisher = ]| accessdate = November 7, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Jones|first=Sophie |date=July 2010|year=2010|url = http://www.icar.org.uk/Afghans%20in%20the%20UK.pdf|title = Afghans in the UK|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 6, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Jones|first=Sophie |date=July 2010|year=2010|url = http://www.icar.org.uk/Afghans%20in%20the%20UK.pdf|title = Afghans in the UK|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 6, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=National Geographic Society|authorlink=National Geographic Society|year=2013|url = http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/afghan_MIG.pdf|title = Afghan Migration after the Soviet Invasion|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 8, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=National Geographic Society|authorlink=National Geographic Society|year=2013|url = http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/file/afghan_MIG.pdf|title = Afghan Migration after the Soviet Invasion|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 8, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Nordland|first=Rod|date=November 20, 2013|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/21/world/asia/for-afghan-refugees-in-iran-painful-contradictions.html?hpw&rref=world&_r=0|title = Afghan Migrants in Iran Face Painful Contradictions but Keep Coming|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 22, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Shahbandari|first=Shafaat |date=November 30, 2012|url = http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/society/afghans-take-hope-from-uae-s-achievements-1.1112640|title = Afghans take hope from UAE’s achievements|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Shahbandari|first=Shafaat |date=November 30, 2012|url = http://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/uae/society/afghans-take-hope-from-uae-s-achievements-1.1112640|title = Afghans take hope from UAE’s achievements|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}}
*{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Stainburn|first=Samantha |date=May 22, 2013|url = http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/afghanistan/130522/uk-denmark-give-afghan-interpreters-visas#1|title = UK, Denmark to give Afghan interpreters visas|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}} *{{cite web |ref=harv|last=Stainburn|first=Samantha |date=May 22, 2013|url = http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/afghanistan/130522/uk-denmark-give-afghan-interpreters-visas#1|title = UK, Denmark to give Afghan interpreters visas|format = |publisher = ]| accessdate = November 5, 2013 |quote=}}

Revision as of 13:40, 26 June 2014

Not to be confused with Pashtun diaspora. Ethnic group
Afghan Diaspora
Languages
Pashto, other Languages of Afghanistan and the languages spoken in the respective country of residence.
Religion
Predominantly Sunni Islam and Shia Islam with small communities of Baha'is, Christians and Jews

Afghan diaspora or Afghan immigrants are citizens of Afghanistan who have emigrated to other countries, or people of Afghan origin who are born outside Afghanistan. Traditionally the borders in between Afghanistan and it's southern and eastern neighbouring state have been fluid and vague. Like many nations created by European empires the borders often do not follow ethnic divisions and many ethnic groups and tribes native to Afghanistan are found on both sides of Afghanistan's present day northern and especially southern borders. This meant that historically there was much movement across present day barriers.

However ever since the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan refugees have fled into the surrounding states. After the Soviets left, civil war, Taliban conquest and most recently the Western-led invasion have meant constant warfare in Afghanistan. Millions have fled the violence, then in times of relative peace returned only to flee again when renewed fighting broke out. About six million Afghan refugees have fled to neighboring Pakistan (mainly NWFP) and Iran, making Afghanistan the largest refugee-producing country in the world, a title it has held for 32 years. 95% of Afghan refugees are located in either Iran or Pakistan. Some NATO countries that were part of the NATO forces took in refugees or Afghans that worked with their respective forces. Ethnic minorities, like Afghan Sikhs and Hindus, often fled to India.

In 2013, more than 2.8 million Afghan refugees were living in Iran with only 0.8 million of them being registered as legal migrants and rest living as illegal refugees in Iran. Similarly 1.5 million officially registered Afghan refugees were reported to be living in Pakistan in addition to approximately one million more illegal refugees.

As shown in the table below, the refugees (both legal and illegal) fled Afghanistan in four main waves:

Country/Region Soviet war in Afghanistan (1978-89) Civil War (1992–96) Taliban Rule (1996–2001) War in Afghanistan (2001–present) - Present
Pakistan Pakistan 3,100,000 2,500,000
Iran Iran 3,100,000 1,452,513 - 2,400,000
United Arab Emirates UAE 300,000
Germany Germany 126,334
United States United States 90,000
United Kingdom United Kingdom 56,000
Australia Australia 19,416
Denmark Denmark 15,854
India India 18,000
Canada Canada 4,215 5,390 10,320 16,240
Sweden Sweden 6,904
Tajikistan Tajikistan 1161 15,336 3,427
Qatar Qatar 2,600
Syria Syria 1,750
Turkey Turkey 300
Afghan refugees returning from Pakistan in 2004
Afghan refugees, living on the Canal Saint Martin, underneath a bridge 2010

Annotations

  1. 2013
  2. 2013
  3. 2012
  4. 2009 Census
  5. 2011 Census
  6. 2009
  7. 2006 census
  8. 2006 census
  9. 2011 news report
  10. 2006 census
  11. 2006 census
  12. 2006 census
  13. 2006 census
  14. 2007
  15. 2003 news report
  16. 2012 news report
  17. 2013 UNHCR report
  18. 2005 UNHCR report

Bibliography

Notes
  1. "The Durand line:History, Consequences, and Future" (PDF). Retrieved 4 June 2014.
  2. ^ Carberry 2013
  3. ^ BBC News 2013
  4. Stainburn 2013
  5. Bose 2006
  6. ^ Nordland 2013
  7. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2013
  8. National Geographic Society 2013, p. 1
  9. ^ United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1999
  10. Demographics of Iran
  11. "Afghan refugees in Iran". Retrieved 15 May 2014.
  12. Shahbandari 2012
  13. Haug & Müssig 2009, p. 76 chart 5
  14. United States Census Bureau 2013
  15. Jones 2010, p. 2
  16. Australian Bureau of Statistics 2006
  17. Denmark Bureau of Statistics 2014 harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDenmark_Bureau_of_Statistics2014 (help)
  18. Associated Press 2013
  19. ^ Statistics Canada 2006
  20. Government of Afghanistan 2007
  21. ^ Erlich 2006
  22. Iqbal 2012
  23. UNHCR - Syrian Arab Republic
  24. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2005, p. 393
References
Overseas Asians and Asian diasporas
By origin
in Asia
Central
East
South
Country
Ethnicity
Southeast
Country
Ethnicity
West
By
residence
Africa
Americas
Europe
Oceania
Afghan diaspora
Asia
Central
South
West
Europe
Americas
North
South
Oceania
See also
Category:
Afghan diaspora: Difference between revisions Add topic