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== Background == |
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== Background == |
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{{See|Arab Spring|Syrian Civil War}} |
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{{See|Arab Spring|Syrian Civil War}} |
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=== July 2014 rescue mission === |
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=== July 2014 rescue mission === |
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{{Main|2014 American rescue mission in Syria}} |
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{{Main|2014 American rescue mission in Syria}} |
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=== Surveillance flights over Syria === |
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=== Surveillance flights over Syria === |
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On 26 August, the U.S. began sending ], including ], into Syria to gather intelligence on ISIS targets in Syria. The flights started gathering intelligence that would aid any future U.S. airstrikes, however airstrikes were not yet authorized.<ref>{{cite news|title=AP source: Obama backs surveillance over Syria|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/08/26/ap_source_obama_backs_surveillance_over_syria/|date=25 August 2014|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> No approval was sought from the ] for the flights entering Syrian airspace.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Lays Groundwork for Syria Strike|url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/u-s-military-prepares-for-surveillance-flights-over-syria-1409005925|date=25 August 2014|publisher=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> |
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On 26 August, the U.S. began sending ], including ], into Syria to gather intelligence on ISIS targets in Syria. The flights started gathering intelligence that would aid any future U.S. airstrikes, however airstrikes were not yet authorized.<ref>{{cite news|title=AP source: Obama backs surveillance over Syria|url=http://www.salon.com/2014/08/26/ap_source_obama_backs_surveillance_over_syria/|date=25 August 2014|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> No approval was sought from the ] for the flights entering Syrian airspace.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Lays Groundwork for Syria Strike|url=http://online.wsj.com/articles/u-s-military-prepares-for-surveillance-flights-over-syria-1409005925|date=25 August 2014|publisher=Wall Street Journal|accessdate=19 September 2014}}</ref> |
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=== Arming the rebels === |
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=== Arming the rebels === |
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{{See|Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War#United States}} |
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{{See|Foreign involvement in the Syrian Civil War#United States}} |
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== Air campaign == |
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== Air campaign == |
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=== Multi-national airstrikes === |
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=== Multi-national airstrikes === |
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On 22 September, Pentagon Press Secretary Rear Admiral John Kirby confirmed that the ] and other partner nations had undertaken strikes in Syria using fighter, bomber, and ] authorized by President ]. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/world/middleeast/us-and-allies-hit-isis-targets-in-syria.html|title=U.S. Airstrikes by U.S. and Allies Hit ISIS Targets in Syria|publisher=New York Times|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> ], ], ], ] and the ] were identified as countries making or supporting airstrikes the first night.<ref name=reuters23sept/> The initial strikes were coordinated by ] <ref name="cnnsyriaairstrikes"/> and targeted about 20 ] targets, including headquarters buildings.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/09/22/syria/16005277/|title=U.S. airstrikes on Islamic State targets in Syria start|publisher=USA Today|date=22 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> Anti-Islamic State sources in Syria claimed that among the targets was also Brigade 93, a Syrian army base that the militants had recently captured and targets in the towns of Tabqa and Tel Abyad in Raqqa province.<ref name=ctvnews>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/u-s-and-partners-launch-airstrikes-in-syria-against-islamic-state-1.2019104#|title=U.S. and partners launch airstrikes in Syria against Islamic State|publisher=CTV News|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> |
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On 22 September, Pentagon Press Secretary Rear Admiral John Kirby confirmed that the ] and other partner nations had undertaken strikes in Syria using fighter, bomber, and ] authorized by President ]. <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/world/middleeast/us-and-allies-hit-isis-targets-in-syria.html|title=U.S. Airstrikes by U.S. and Allies Hit ISIS Targets in Syria|publisher=New York Times|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> ], ], ], ] and the ] were identified as countries making or supporting airstrikes the first night.<ref name=reuters23sept/> The initial strikes were coordinated by ] <ref name="cnnsyriaairstrikes"/> and targeted about 20 ] targets, including headquarters buildings.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/09/22/syria/16005277/|title=U.S. airstrikes on Islamic State targets in Syria start|publisher=USA Today|date=22 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> Anti-Islamic State sources in Syria claimed that among the targets was also Brigade 93, a Syrian army base that the militants had recently captured and targets in the towns of Tabqa and Tel Abyad in Raqqa province.<ref name=ctvnews>{{cite news|url=http://www.ctvnews.ca/world/u-s-and-partners-launch-airstrikes-in-syria-against-islamic-state-1.2019104#|title=U.S. and partners launch airstrikes in Syria against Islamic State|publisher=CTV News|date=23 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> |
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== Foreign reactions == |
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== Foreign reactions == |
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* {{flagu|Russia}} - Alexander Lukashevich, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman, opposed the U.S. intervention "without the consent of the legitimate government" and said that "this step, in the absence of a UN Security Council decision, would be an act of aggression, a gross violation of international law".<ref name="russiasyr">{{cite news|title=Russia warns US against strikes on Islamic State in Syria|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29154481|publisher=BBC|date=11 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> |
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* {{flagu|Russia}} - Alexander Lukashevich, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman, opposed the U.S. intervention "without the consent of the legitimate government" and said that "this step, in the absence of a UN Security Council decision, would be an act of aggression, a gross violation of international law".<ref name="russiasyr">{{cite news|title=Russia warns US against strikes on Islamic State in Syria|url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-29154481|publisher=BBC|date=11 September 2014|accessdate=22 September 2014}}</ref> |
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* {{flagu|Syria}} - ], Syrian minister of national reconciliation, said that "any action of any kind without the consent of the Syrian government would be an attack on Syria".<ref name="russiasyr"/> |
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* {{flagu|Syria}} - ], Syrian minister of national reconciliation, said that "any action of any kind without the consent of the Syrian government would be an attack on Syria".<ref name="russiasyr"/> |
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== See also == |
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== See also == |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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Beginning in September 2014, the United States started plans to intervene in Syria against the Islamic State (ISIS or ISIL). On 22 September 2014, the United States and Arab partners began to strike targets inside of Syria.
Following the abduction of a number of foreigners in Syria, on 4 July 2014, U.S. air strikes were conducted against the ISIS military base known as the "Osama bin Laden Camp". At the same time, two dozen special operations members parachuted from helicopters near an ISIS building for high-valued prisoners. However, no prisoners were found in the building and the special forces members were soon engaged by ISIS forces from Ar-Raqqah and a three-hour firefight ensued. Eventually, U.S. forces came to the conclusion that the hostages were no longer at the site and abandoned the rescue attempt. At least 5 ISIS fighters were killed and a U.S soldier was wounded. Jordanian forces were also reportedly involved in the operation with one Jordanian soldier also wounded, but this was not confirmed. Later it was reported the hostages had been moved 24 hours before the attempted rescue. It remained unclear whether the operation failed due to bad intelligence or whether ISIS forces were alerted in advance of the mission.
In the aftermath of the operation, three hostages were executed over a one-month period: Americans James Foley and Steven Sotloff and Briton David Haines.
On 17 September, the House of Representatives voted to authorize the executive branch to train and arm Syrian rebels against ISIS forces. One of the groups that United States intends to train and arm is the Islamist Army of Mujahedeen.
Commenting his adress, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman Alexander Lukashevich opposed the U. S. intervention against the ISIS "without the consent of the legitimate government" and said that "this step, in the absence of a UN Security Council decision, would be an act of aggression, a gross violation of international law". Ali Haidar, Syrian minister of national reconciliation, said that "any action of any kind without the consent of the Syrian government would be an attack on Syria".
On 22 September, Pentagon Press Secretary Rear Admiral John Kirby confirmed that the United States and other partner nations had undertaken strikes in Syria using fighter, bomber, and Tomahawk missile's authorized by President Barack Obama. Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates were identified as countries making or supporting airstrikes the first night. The initial strikes were coordinated by United States Central Command and targeted about 20 Islamic State targets, including headquarters buildings. Anti-Islamic State sources in Syria claimed that among the targets was also Brigade 93, a Syrian army base that the militants had recently captured and targets in the towns of Tabqa and Tel Abyad in Raqqa province.
At least 70 IS fighters, 50 fighters affiliated with al Qaeda and civilians were killed overnight by the strikes according to the SOHR. Eight strikes were launched against the group Khorasan.
Syria's government did not request or approve the airstrikes, although it is fighting ISIS militants. Assad's military possesses sophisticated anti-aircraft missiles, mostly near the capital of Damascus and the border with Israel and not in ISIL controlled areas. Syria stated they were advised by the US the day before of the air strikes.
United States
Bahrain
Jordan
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Qatar
Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Abu Mohammad al-Golani
Russia - Alexander Lukashevich, Russian Foreign Ministry spokesman, opposed the U.S. intervention "without the consent of the legitimate government" and said that "this step, in the absence of a UN Security Council decision, would be an act of aggression, a gross violation of international law".
Syria - Ali Haidar, Syrian minister of national reconciliation, said that "any action of any kind without the consent of the Syrian government would be an attack on Syria".
United Nations - Ban Ki-moon, UN secretary-general, welcomed the airstrikes against militans in Syria, but noted that the involved parties "must abide by international humanitarian law and take all precautions to avoid and minimize civilian casualties".
Netherlands - Mark Rutte, minister-president of the Netherlands, showed understanding for the strikes against the Islamic State in Syria and said that his government is currently exploring the options to contribute in the fight against IS.