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Revision as of 17:38, 8 August 2006

The current program of the Olympic Games includes 35 different sports, 53 disciplines and more than 400 events. The Summer Olympic Games includes 28 sports with 38 disciplines and the Winter Olympic Games includes 7 sports with 15 disciplines.

Several sports have multiple disciplines that are governed by the same international sports federation, but are often considered different sports by the public. Examples include swimming and water polo (both are disciplines of aquatics), or figure skating and speed skating (both are disciplines of skating).

Some of Olympic Games in the past included several sports no longer on the current Olympic program, such as polo and tug of war. Archery and tennis are examples of sports that were competed at early Games, were dropped from the Games, and then were subsequently returned to the official program (in 1972 and 1992, respectively).

Demonstration sports have often been included in the Olympic Games, usually to promote a local sport from the host country or to gauge interest and support for the sport. Several of these sports, such as baseball and curling, were subsequently added to the official program (in 1992 and 1998 respectively).

Summer Olympic Games

Current program

The following sports and multiple disciplines of the same sport are currently on the program of the Summer Olympic Games, listed according to the name of the sport or discipline as used by the International Olympic Committee.

X = sport or discipline competed at the specified Games
(d) = demonstration sport

Past sports

The following sports and disciplines have previously been part of the Summer Olympic Games program, either as official olympic sports, either as demonstration sports, or a combination of both (in different years), but are no longer on the current program:

X = sport or discipline competed at the specified Games
(d) = demonstration sport

Demonstration sports

The following sports, disciplines and events of sports were demonstrated in past at the Summer Olympic Games for the years shown, but have never been included on the official Olympic program as an Summer Olympic Games sport:

Winter Olympic Games

Current program

The following sports and multiple disciplines of the same sport are currently on the program of the Winter Olympic Games, listed according to the name of the sport or discipline as used by the International Olympic Committee.

¹ Figure skating was part of the program for the 1908 Summer Olympic Games and 1920 Summer Olympic Games before there was a separate Winter Olympic Games. Ice hockey was also competed in 1920 Summer Olympic Games.

X = sport or discipline competed at the specified Games
(d) = demonstration sport

Past and Demonstration winter sports

The following winter sports, multiple disciplines and events of the same sport have been included in past as a full medal competitions at the Winter Olympic Games or were demonstrated at the Winter Olympic Games for the years shown, but have not been added to the official Olympic program as an Olympic winter sport:

• Bandy¹ (1952)
• Skiing - Disabled skiing - contrary to the Paralympics, these events were demonstrations held during the Olympics (1988)
• Ice stock sport (1936, 1964)
• Military patrol - was included as a full medal event in Winter Olympic Games 1924 and also was included as a demonstration in 1928, 1936 and 1948, this event is now considered the pre-cursor to Biathlon (Olympic winter sport), which was introduced in 1960 Winter Olympic Games
• Skijöring (1928)
• Sled-dog racing (1932)
• Skiing - Snowshoeing (1994).
• Skiing - Speed skiing¹ (1992)
• Skating - Figure skating - Synchronized skating (2002)
• Winter pentathlon, a variant to the modern pentathlon, was included as a demonstration event of pentathlon in 1948.
• Skiing – Freestyle skiing - Ski ballet - also known as ski-acro (1988 and 1992)
• Skiing – Freestyle skiing - Aerial skiing - aerialists ski off jumps (1992)

¹ The sports can be included to Winter Olympic Games as official Olympic sports. This competition still are not included, but still under consideration for inclusion to Winter Olympic Games in 2010 in the Canadian city of Vancouver or in 2014 Winter Olympic Games.

Recognized / candidate sports

The following sports and multiple disciplines of the sports are not part of the current Olympic program, but are recognized by the IOC and are submitted as candidates sports for to be included in the future at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games on the official Olympic program as official Olympic sports or as demonstration sports. Their respective International Sport Federations are responsible for ensuring that the sport's activities follow the Olympic Charter. Part of these candidates sports, disciplines and events of sports already were at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games on the official Olympic program or as demonstration sports in the past. Other part of these candidates sports, disciplines and events of sports can be included in games for the first time.

A recognized sport may be added to the Olympic program in future Games, by recommendation of the IOC Olympic Programme Commission and a vote by IOC members. The IOC voted on July 11, 2005 to remove baseball and softball from the Olympic program for 2012 (reaffirmed by vote on February 9, 2006 ) and also rejected their replacement with karate and squash (selected from a list that also included golf, roller sports and rugby sevens). The official program for 2008 shows the 10km open water swimming as a new event in the swimming discipline.

The following events of the current and recognized Olympic sports are not part of the current Olympic program, but are submitted as candidates events of the current Olympic for to be included in the future at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games on the official Olympic program as official Olympic sports or as demonstration sports.

• Canoeing/Kayaking - (Dragon boat and Canoe polo)
• Gymnastics - (Sports acrobatics and Tumbling)
• Skating - (Figure skating - Synchronized skating)
• Skiing - (Speed skiing and Snowshoeing)

References

• Olympic Official Reports
• International Olympic Committee - Sports
• IOC Olympic Programme Commission
• International Sports Federations

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¹ The 1906 Summer Olympics or 1906 Intercalated Games were discounted ex post facto by the IOC. All medals awarded during these games have not since been counted officially on total medal counts.

² These games were cancelled due to the World Wars. The 1916 Summer Olympics were cancelled due to the onset of WWI; both the Summer and Winter Olympics of 1940 and 1944 were cancelled due to WWII.

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