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| {{Taxobox | |||
| | name = Ancistrocladaceae | |||
| | image = Ancistrocladus heyneanus 07.JPG | |||
| | image_width = 230px | |||
| | image_caption = '']'' | |||
| | regnum = ]ae | |||
| | unranked_divisio = ] | |||
| | unranked_classis = ] | |||
| | unranked_ordo = ] | |||
| | ordo = ] | |||
| | familia = '''Ancistrocladaceae''' | |||
| | familia_authority = ] ex ]<ref name="apgiii">{{Citation |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2009 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=105–121 |url=http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122630309/abstract |accessdate=2010-12-10 |doi=10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x }}</ref> | |||
| | authority = ] (1820)<ref name="apgiii" /> | |||
| | subdivision_ranks = ] | |||
| | subdivision = | |||
| ''Ancistrocladus'' ]}} | |||
| '''Ancistrocladaceae''' is a ] of ]. The family consists of a single genus, '']'', of ], found in the tropics of the Old World. | |||
| ==Classification== | |||
| The ], of 2003 (unchanged from the ], of 1998), also recognizes this family and assigns it to the order ] in the clade ]. | |||
| Recent molecular and biochemical evidence (see the ) suggests the carnivorous taxa in the order ] (the families ] and ] and the species '']'' and '']'') all belong to the same ].{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} This family Ancistrocladaceae would belong to this same clade, although the plants in the family are not carnivorous.{{Citation needed|date=June 2013}} | |||
| A close relationship between this family and the family ] (containing the carnivorous species ''T. peltatum'') is supported by similar ] and ] structure. The ], 1981, placed the family in the order ] (together with ]). The ] placed the family in its own order Ancistrocladales. | |||
| ==Description== | |||
| The only genus in the family Ancistrocladaceae is ''Ancistrocladus'', a little-known genus of about 20 species. These are ], climbing, twining plants, found in lowland to submontane, wet to seasonal evergreen or swamp forests. The sparingly branched, ] ] is complex and can exceed 10 cm in diameter. It is along one side attached to the tree with grapnels (short, hooked lateral thorns, formed from modified stem apices), opposite to the leaves. Their ] are borne in dense, evergreen rosettes. They are entire, have short ]s and lack ]s. They have a single wax-secreting ] in the ]al pits and glands on the abaxial surface. The flowers are small with a basally connate ], that are imbricate or rolled up lengthwise. The fruit is a nut with often wing-like accrescent ]s. | |||
| ==Distribution== | |||
| The species of ''Ancistrocladus'' are native to tropical ], the ], and ].<ref name=jj/> | |||
| ==Medicinal potential== | |||
| Scientific interest in this genus has grown considerably because the ] ] is considered a potential anti-] source by the ] because of its highly effective mode of action against HIV.{{Citation needed|date=June 2011}} This plant was discovered in ] and subsequently recognized as a species new to science. Its ingredient ], an acetogenic napthyl isoquinoline ], contained in mature leaves, is the active principle. Also, ] is a new ] drug extracted from the same plant. | |||
| ''Ancistrocladus abbreviatus'' has been used on traditional medicine in ], as treatment against ] and ]. The active ingredient is ], an ] extracted from this plant. | |||
| Ancistrocline, an alkaloid derived from ''A. tectorius'', is used against ]. | |||
| Many other alkaloids are still being found in the other species. | |||
| == Species == | |||
| Species accepted as of July 2014:<ref name=jj></ref> | |||
| # '']'' <small>Airy Shaw</small> - western Africa | |||
| # '']'' <small>Dyer</small> - West Bengal, Myanmar, Andaman Islands | |||
| # '']'' <small>Scott-Elliot</small> - western Africa | |||
| #'']'' <small>Rischer & G.Bringmann</small> - Pahang | |||
| # '']'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre | |||
| # '']'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic | |||
| # '']'' <small>Cheek</small> - Cameroon | |||
| # '']'' <small>Planch.</small> - Indochina, Andaman Islands | |||
| # '']'' <small>Oliv.</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon | |||
| # '']'' <small>(Vahl) Gilg</small> - Sri Lanka | |||
| # '']'' <small>Wall. ex J.Graham</small> - southwestern India | |||
| #'']'' <small>Heubl, Mudogo & G.Bringmann</small> - Congo-Brazzaville | |||
| # '']'' <small>D.W.Thomas & Gereau</small> - Nigeria, Cameroon | |||
| # '']'' <small>Pellegr.</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon, Zaïre, Central African Republic | |||
| # '']'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Congo-Brazzaville, Zaïre | |||
| # '']'' <small>Warb.</small> - Liberia | |||
| # '']'' <small>J.Léonard</small> - Kenya | |||
| # '']'' <small>Cheek & Frim.</small> - Tanzania | |||
| # '']'' <small>(Lour.) Merr.</small> - Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Hainan, Borneo, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam | |||
| # '']'' <small>Hutch. & Dalziel</small> - Nigeria | |||
| # '']'' <small>Planch.</small> - Assam, Bangladesh, Andaman Islands | |||
| ==References== | |||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| * | |||
| *{{cite journal|author = Taylor, Charlotte M., Gereau, Roy E. , and Walters, Gretchen M.| title = Revision of Ancistrocladus Wall. (Ancistrocladaceae)|journal = Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden| volume= 92|issue= 3|pages= 360–399|year=2005|jstor = 40035478 }} | |||
| *{{cite journal|author = Thomas, Duncan W., and Gereau, Roy E.| title = Ancistrocladus korupensis (Ancistrocladaceae): A New Species of Liana from Cameroon|journal = Novon| volume= 3|issue= 4|pages= 494|year=1993| doi = 10.2307/3391401|publisher = Novon, Vol. 3, No. 4|jstor = 3391401}} | |||
| *Cheek, M. (2000a). A synoptic revision of ''Ancistrocladus'' (Ancistrocladaceae) in Africa, with a new species from western Cameroon. Kew Bulletin | |||
| == External links == | |||
| * in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). '': descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.'' Version: 30 May 2006. http://delta-intkey.com | |||
| * | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Revision as of 14:18, 29 December 2015
Willy is back!