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Satcitananda is an epithet for ], considered indescribable, unitary, ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism.<ref>Devadutta Kali (2005), Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120829534, page 365, Quote: "Saccidananda, being-consciousness-bliss, a threefold epithet attempting to describe the unitary, indescribable Brahman".</ref><ref>James Lochtefeld, Brahman, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798, page 122</ref><ref>Eliot Deutsch (1980), Advaita Vedanta : A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0824802714, Chapter 1</ref> Satcitananda is an epithet for ], considered indescribable, unitary, ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism.<ref>Devadutta Kali (2005), Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120829534, page 365, Quote: "Saccidananda, being-consciousness-bliss, a threefold epithet attempting to describe the unitary, indescribable Brahman".</ref><ref>James Lochtefeld, Brahman, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798, page 122</ref><ref>Eliot Deutsch (1980), Advaita Vedanta : A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0824802714, Chapter 1</ref>


===Modern Hinduism=== ===Sri Aurobindo===

====Sri Aurobindo====
{{Main|Sri Aurobindo}} {{Main|Sri Aurobindo}}


In Sri Aurobindo's evolutionary vision of the soul and the Universe, of which ''saccidānanda'' is the principal term, even though the soul is incarnate in ] and subject to space, matter and time, it maintains an ongoing and eternal oneness with ''saccidānanda'' or divinity. This incarnating aspect or dimension of the human being, the spirit-soul, or the 'psychic being' or chaitya purusha, is the staple essence that reincarnates from life to life. This essence is of the energetic quality of ''saccidānanda''.{{cn}} In Sri Aurobindo's evolutionary vision of the soul and the Universe, of which ''saccidānanda'' is the principal term, even though the soul is incarnate in ] and subject to space, matter and time, it maintains an ongoing and eternal oneness with ''saccidānanda'' or divinity.{{cn}} This incarnating aspect or dimension of the human being, the spirit-soul, or the 'psychic being' or chaitya purusha, is the staple essence that reincarnates from life to life.{{cn}} This essence is of the energetic quality of ''saccidānanda''.{{cn}}


Aurobindo holds that there exists a supreme power, the ']', which is the first emanation from ''saccidānanda'' and can be brought into play through the practice of yoga to yoke life, mind and matter with sublime states of consciousness, being, delight and power and thereby manifest more of our inherent divinity.<ref group=web name="Murphy"> (accessed: march 6, 2013)</ref> Aurobindo holds that there exists a supreme power, the ']', which is the first emanation from ''saccidānanda'' and can be brought into play through the practice of yoga to yoke life, mind and matter with sublime states of consciousness, being, delight and power and thereby manifest more of our inherent divinity.<ref group=web name="Murphy"> (accessed: march 6, 2013)</ref>

Revision as of 21:05, 2 February 2016

Satcitānanda, Satchidānanda, or Sat-cit-ānanda (Sanskrit: सच्चिदानन्द) "Existence, Consciousness, and Bliss", or "Truth, Consciousness, Bliss".

Satcitananda is an epithet for and description for the subjective experience of the ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism called Brahman.

Etymology

The description saccidānanda comprises the three Sanskrit words sat-chit-ananda:

  • sat सत् "Truth", "reality", "unchanging", essence, absolute
  • cit चित् (noun): consciousness, understand, comprehension, thought.
  • ānanda आनन्द (noun): "bliss", "happiness", "joy", "delight", "pleasure"

"Sat-Chit-Ananda" or "Saccidānanda" is the Sanskrit compound form of the word, which can be translated in various ways:

  • "Truth Consciousness Bliss"
  • "Reality Consciousness Bliss"
  • "Existence Consciousness Bliss"
  • "Absolute Consciousness Bliss"
  • "Consisting of existence and thought and joy"

Interpretation

Vaishnava philosophy

Main article: Vaishnavism

For the Vaishnava (devotee of Vishnu), saccidānanda is related to Vaikuntha, abode of Vishnu.

Tulsidas considers Rama as Satcitananda.}}

Vedanta philosophy

Main article: Vedanta

The Vedantic philosophy understands saccidānanda as a synonym of the three fundamental attributes of Brahman. In Advaita Vedanta, states Werner, it is the sublimely blissful experience of the boundless, pure consciousness and represents the unity of spiritual essence of ultimate reality.

Satcitananda is an epithet for Brahman, considered indescribable, unitary, ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism.

Sri Aurobindo

Main article: Sri Aurobindo

In Sri Aurobindo's evolutionary vision of the soul and the Universe, of which saccidānanda is the principal term, even though the soul is incarnate in maya and subject to space, matter and time, it maintains an ongoing and eternal oneness with saccidānanda or divinity. This incarnating aspect or dimension of the human being, the spirit-soul, or the 'psychic being' or chaitya purusha, is the staple essence that reincarnates from life to life. This essence is of the energetic quality of saccidānanda.

Aurobindo holds that there exists a supreme power, the 'Supermind', which is the first emanation from saccidānanda and can be brought into play through the practice of yoga to yoke life, mind and matter with sublime states of consciousness, being, delight and power and thereby manifest more of our inherent divinity.

See also

Notes

  1. Regardless of spelling, satcitananda is pronounced as sach-chid-ānanda ; ,
  2. Brahman is "the unchanging reality amidst and beyond the world", which "cannot be exactly defined", but is being-consciousness-bliss. and the highest reality.
  3. The constituent terms are linked by sandhi
  4. A phenomelogical or evocative translation-interpretation could be "Insight is blissfull living truth"
  5. J. M. Macfie gives the verse number as Bal. 17 (17) 22. The Gita Press version online, gives it in the Chaupai after Doha 12 in Balakanda, that is page 38 in the full version. The version that only goes up to 97 has different pagination.
  6. An alternate translation of this passage, plus the original Hindi text in Romanized and Devanagari alphabets, may be found on page 38 of this file

References

  1. ^ Raju 2013, p. 228.
  2. ^ werner 1994, p. 88. sfn error: no target: CITEREFwerner1994 (help)
  3. ^ Gurajada Suryanarayana Murty (2002), Paratattvaganṇitadarśanam, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120818217, page 303
  4. Devadutta Kali (2005), Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120829534, page 365, Quote: "Saccidananda, being-consciousness-bliss, a threefold epithet attempting to describe the unitary, indescribable Brahman".
  5. Puligandla 1997, p. 222.
  6. Sinari 2000, p. 384. sfn error: no target: CITEREFSinari2000 (help)
  7. Potter 2008, p. 6-7.
  8. Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120831056, pages 1134-1135
  9. K. Ishwaran, Ascetic Culture: Renunciation and Worldly Engagement, Brill, ISBN 978-9004114128, pages 143-144
  10. Sanskrit Dictionary, chit
  11. ^ Sir Monier Monier-Williams, A Sanskrit-English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120831056, Online
  12. Vasant Merchant (2000), Savitri: A Legend & a Symbol-Sri Aurobindo's Modern Epic, International Journal of Humanities and Peace, vol. 16, no. 1, pages 29-34
  13. Jean Holm and John Bowker (1998), Hinduism, in Picturing God, Bloomsbury Academic, ISBN 978-1855671010, page 71
  14. Julian Woods (2001), Destiny and Human Initiative in the Mahabharata, State University of New York, ISBN 978-0791449820, page 201
  15. Adrian Hastings et al (2000), The Oxford Companion to Christian Thought, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0198600244, page 324
  16. MacFie 2004, p. 26.
  17. Werner 1994, p. 88. sfn error: no target: CITEREFWerner1994 (help)
  18. Devadutta Kali (2005), Devimahatmyam: In Praise of the Goddess, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120829534, page 365, Quote: "Saccidananda, being-consciousness-bliss, a threefold epithet attempting to describe the unitary, indescribable Brahman".
  19. James Lochtefeld, Brahman, The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798, page 122
  20. Eliot Deutsch (1980), Advaita Vedanta : A Philosophical Reconstruction, University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 978-0824802714, Chapter 1

Sources

  • MacFie, J.M. (2004), The Ramayan of Tulsidas or the Bible of Northern India, Kessinger Publishing
  • Nasr, Seyyed Hossein (1989), Knowledge and the Sacred, New York: State University of New York Press
  • Potter, Karl H. (2008), The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies: Advaita Vedānta Up to Śaṃkara and His Pupils, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
  • Prabhupada, A.C. Bhaktivedanta ((undated)), Bhagavad-Gita As It Is (Complete Ediiton), New York: The Bhaktivedanta Book Trust {{citation}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  • Puligandla, Ramakrishna (1997), Fundamentals of Indian Philosophy, New Delhi: D.K. Printworld (P) Ltd.
  • Raju, P. T. (2013), The Philosophical Traditions of India, Routledge, p. 228, ISBN 9781135029425, retrieved 8 June 2015
  • Sugirtharajah, Sharada (2004), Imagining Hinduism: A Postcolonial Perspective, Routledge, p. 115, ISBN 9781134517206
  • Werner, Karel (2005), A Popular Dictionary of Hinduism, Routledge, ISBN 9781135797539

Web-sources

  1. sat-cit-ananda. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. (accessed: March 09, 2013).
  2. Sanskrit dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit, ananda
  3. "saccidānanda". Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit. spokensanskrit.de. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
  4. Michael Murphy (2000), Sri Aurobindo's Model of the Soul. In: Survival of Bodily Death: An Esalen Invitational Converence, February 11–16, 2000 (accessed: march 6, 2013)

External links

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