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For the Cuban band, see Sierra Maestra (band).

Sierra Maestra
Sierra Maestra near the border of Granma and Santiago de Cuba provinces.
Highest point
Peak	Pico Turquino
Elevation	1,974 m (6,476 ft)
Coordinates	19°59′22″N 76°50′09″W / 19.98944°N 76.83583°W / 19.98944; -76.83583
Dimensions
Length	240 km (150 mi)
Width	30 km (19 mi)
Geography
Sierra MaestraLocation of Sierra Maestra in Cuba
Country	Cuba
Provinces	Granma and Santiago de Cuba
Range coordinates	20°0′0″N 76°45′0″W / 20.00000°N 76.75000°W / 20.00000; -76.75000

Sierra Maestra is a mountain range that runs westward across the south of the old Oriente Province in southeast Cuba, rising abruptly from the coast. The Sierra Maestra itself is located mainly in Santiago de Cuba Province, a small part in Granma Province. Some view it as a series of connecting ranges (Vela, Santa Catalina, Quemado Grande, Daña Mariana), which joins with others extending to the west. The Sierra Maestra is the highest area of Cuba. It is rich in minerals, especially copper, manganese, chromium, and iron. At 1,974 m (6,476 ft), Pico Turquino is the range's highest point.

History

The Sierra Maestra has a long history of guerrilla warfare, starting with the resistance of the Taínos under Guamá (died 1532), the Cimarrón Neo-Taíno nations escaped slave cultures, the Ten Years' War (1868-1878) and the Cuban War of Independence (1895-1898), and various minor conflicts such as the Race War of 1912, and the uprisings of Antonio Guiteras (died 1935) against Gerardo Machado (President of Cuba from 1925 to 1933) and Fulgencio Batista (President 1940-1944 and 1952-1959). After Fidel Castro returned to Cuba in 1956 from exile in Mexico, he and the few other survivors from the failed 1953 attack on Moncada Barracks hid out in Sierra Maestra. There they succeeded in expanding their 26th of July Movement, starting a revolution throughout the region. They built up guerrilla columns, and in collaboration with other groups in the central provinces, Escopeteros on the foot-hills and plains, and the urban resistance, eventually overthrew Fulgencio Batista on 1 January 1959.

Ornithology

The ivory-billed woodpecker, now possibly extinct, was last seen (according to an unconfirmed report) in the Sierra Maestra in 1998.

References

Notes

Sources

Achenbach, Joel and Peter Essic (photographer) 2006 The next big one and special supplement (map): Earthquake risk Zones. Nation Geographic 209(4, April), 120-147 and map.
Anderson, Jon Lee 1997. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Bantam Press, ISBN 0-553-40664-7 or Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-1600-0
AP Latin America January 22, 2005 Ship Begins Sound Wave Research Off Yucatan
Braddock, Daniel M. 1958 Revolutionary Activity in Western Oriente Province. Despatch From the Embassy in Cuba to the Department of State. No. 656 Havana, February 18, 1958 http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cable/cable-2-18-58.htm
Carney, Bob revised July 11, 2005 Explorations: Gulf of Mexico: Background Geological Setting. Louisiana State University National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | U.S. Department of Commerce http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/02mexico/background/geology/geology.html
Castellanos Garcia, Gerardo 1927. "Tierras y Glorias de Oriente (Calixto Garcia Iñiguez)" Editorial Hermes Havana p. 155.
Castro Medel, Osviel and Aldo Daniel Naranjo 2003 (accessed 3-21-06) 490 aniversario Ciudad India y Rebelde (Bayamo). La Demajagua https://web.archive.org/web/20051023220835/http://www.lademajagua.co.cu/infgran778.htm
Cazanas X. ; Barrabi H. ; Melgarejo J.C. ; Luna J.A. 1998. El deposito volcanogenico de Cu-Zn-Pb-Au El Cobre, Cuba Oriental: Estructura y mineralogía The Cu-Zn-Pb-Au volcanogenic deposit El Cobre, Western Cuba (sic): Structure and mineralogy Source: Acta Geologica Hispanica 33 (1-4). 277-333.
Cazanas X.; Escusa A.; Cuba S.; Melgarejo J.C.; Alfonso P.1998 Un modelo de deposito vulcanogenico de manganeso del arco volcanico Paleogeno de Cuba: El ejemplo de la region Cristo-Ponupo-Los Chivos A model of manganese volcanogenic deposit from the Paleogene volcanic island arc of Cuba: The case of the Cristo-Ponupo-Los Chivos region ,Acta Geologica Hispanica 33 (1-4) 239-276
Cazanas X.; Lewis J.; Melgarejo J.C.; Proenza J.A.; Mattietti Kysar G. 1998 Rocas volcanicas de las series Inferior y Media del Grupo El Cobre en la Sierra Maestra (Cuba Oriental): Volcanismo generado en un arco de islas tholeiitico Volcanic rocks from the lower and intermediate series of the El Cobre Group, Sierra Maestra, Eastern Cuba: A case of island arc tholeiites Source: Acta Geologica Hispanica 33 (1-4) 57-74
Chiappy-Jhones C., Rico-Gray V.; Gama L.; and Giddings L. 2001 Floristic affinities between the Yucatán peninsula and some karstic areas of Cuba. Journal of Biogeography 28 (4) 535-542
Duarte Oropesa, José 1989 Historiología Cubana. Ediciones Universal Miami Vol 1. ISBN 0-89729-490-4, All volumes ISBN 84-399-2580-8
Enamorado, Calixto 1917 Tiempos. Heroicos Persecucion. Rambla, Bauza and Company, Havana.
Guevara, Ernesto Che 1958 (re-accessed 22 March 2006) Pino del Agua, II. Che Guevara http://chehasta.narod.ru/pda2.htm.
James, Daniel 2001 Che Guevara. Cooper Square Press. New York ISBN 0-8154-1144-8
Kueny, J.A. 1998 An assessment of protected karst landscapes in the Caribbean Caribbean Geography 9 (.2). 87-100.
Lescaille Durand, Lisván 2003 (accessed 3-22-06) Puede ser el cacique Guamá. Cuba Una identità in movimento https://web.archive.org/web/20070519175949/http://freeweb.supereva.com/carlo260/guama.html?p
Marrero, Levi 1981 5th edition "Geografia de Cuba" La Moderna Poesia, Coral Gables Florida.
Maso, Calixto C. 1998 Historia De Cuba. Ediciones Universal. 3rd Edition Miami ISBN 0-89729-875-6
McGuire, Bill 2005 Global disaster paves way for global thinking. Geographical,. 77 (3) 14-18.
Mora, Pedro 2003 (re accessed 22 March 2006) Aniversario 45 de Pino del Agua II. Importante golpe de la guerrilla. Verde Olivo https://web.archive.org/web/20030826173750/http://www.venceremos.cubaweb.cu/Textos/importante_golpe_dela_guerrilla_verde_olivo.htm
Morán Arce, Lucas 1980 La revolución cubana, 1953–1959: Una versión rebelde. Imprenta Universitaria, Universidad Católica de Puerto Rico. Ponce, Puerto Rico. ISBN B0000EDAW9
MVC 2005 Investiga Cuba restos de meteorite Notimex. El Universal Viernes 11 de noviembre de 2005 El Universal Online, México. https://web.archive.org/web/20051125004751/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulos/26483.html
Naranjo Tamayo, Aldo Daniel and Luis Carlos Palacios Leyva 2004 (Accessed 3-21-06) San Salvador de Bayamo: Proceso fundacional de la segunda villa cubana San Salvador de Bayamo. La Demajagua 3 de noviembre de 2004 http://www.lademajagua.co.cu/bayamo.htm
Goreau, P. D. E. 1983 Tectonic Evolution of the North Central Caribbean Plate Margin. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts.; Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.. September 1983. 248p. Report: WHOI-83-34
Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Paleobiogeografía de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) reportados en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P6: 1-15. ISBN 959-7117-03-7.
Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Estratigrafía, Tafonomía y Paleoecología de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-2: 1-36. ISBN 959-7117-03-7.
Rojas-Consuegra, R., M. A. Iturralde-Vinent, C. Díaz-Otero y D. García-Delgado 2005 Significación paleogeográfica de la brecha basal del Límite K/T en Loma Dos Hermanas (Loma Capiro), en Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P7: 1-9. ISBN 959-7117-03-7
La Rosa Corzo, Gabino (translated by Mary Todd) 2003 Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill ISBN 0-8078-2803-3
Rousset, Ricardo V. 1918. Historial de Cuba. Libreria Cervantes, Havana, Vol. 3 pp. pp. 137–153.
Scotese, Christopher R. 1999. Evolution of the Caribbean Sea (100 mya - Present) Collision of Cuba with Florida Platform and Opening of the Cayman Trough. PALEOMAP Project http://www.scotese.com/caribanim.htm
Sigurdsson H.; Bralower T.; King J.; Kelley S.; Leckie R.M.; Carey S. 2000 History of circum-Caribbean explosive volcanism: 40Ar/39Ar dating of tephra layers Source: Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program: Scientific Results 165, 299-314.
Takayama H.; Iturralde-Vinent M.A.; Oji T.; Tajika E.; Kiyokawa S.; Garcia D.; Okada H.; Hasegawa T.; Toyoda K.; Tada R.; Matsui T. 2000 Origin of the Penalver Formation in northwestern Cuba and its relation to K/T boundary impact event Sedimentary Geology 135 (1-4) 295-320.
Whitmarsh, Isabel. 1969. Bayatiquirí Tierra de Alegría, Paz y Amor. Leyenda de la Familia Ciargos de Luna. Libro Primero. Guarenas, Venezuela.

External links

Cuba's Revolutionary Mountains by Zoë Barnes, The Sunday Times, March 15, 2009
Music in the Sierra Maestra

v t e Mountain ranges of Cuba
	Escambray Guaniguanico Sierra de los Órganos Sierra del Rosario Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa Sierra Maestra

Cuba articles

History

Pre-Revolution	Timeline Colonial governors Slavery Ten Years' War Little War Cuban War of Independence Sinking of USS Maine Spanish–American War Platt Amendment Republic World War I 1932 hurricane World War II Cuban Revolution Attack on the Moncada Barracks Landing of the Granma United States embargo against Cuba Triumph of the Revolution
Post-Revolution	Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution San Juan Hill massacre Revolution first, elections later Agrarian reforms in Cuba Huber Matos affair Golden exile Escambray rebellion La Coubre explosion Operation Peter Pan Bay of Pigs Invasion Cuban literacy campaign P.M. affair Four Year Plan (Cuba) Night of the Three Ps Escalante affair Cuban Missile Crisis Great Debate (Cuba) Freedom Flights Revolutionary Offensive Grey years Padilla affair Institutionalization process Sovietization of Cuba Cuban intervention in Angola Mariel boatlift Peruvian Havana Embassy Crisis of 1980 Rectification process Special Period Dollarization of Cuba Maleconazo 1994 Cuban rafter crisis Battle of Ideas Elian Gonzalez affair Energy Revolution Fidel's transfer of power Cuban thaw
Cities	History of Havana Timeline Other cities Timelines: Camagüey, Cienfuegos, Guantánamo, Holguín, Matanzas, Santiago de Cuba

Geography

Politics

Constitution Corruption Council of Ministers Council of State Elections Exodus Foreign relations Human rights Censorship Human trafficking LGBT Law Political parties National Assembly of People's Power President Propaganda President of Cuba list Vice President of Cuba Prime Minister of Cuba list
Military	Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR) Revolutionary Army Revolutionary Navy Air Force Territorial Troops Militia National Army (defunct)
Law enforcement	National Revolutionary Police Force
Intelligence	Committees for the Defense of the Revolution Dirección General de Inteligencia Military Counterintelligence Directorate

Economy

Culture

Society	Art Architecture Cinema Cigars Cuisine Dance Education Universities Health Healthcare Hospitals Internet Censorship Language Literature Media Newspapers TV Music Musical theater Festivals Public holidays Radio Rationing Religion Scouting and Guiding Sociolismo Sport Association Football Baseball Boxing Women

Demographics

Cubans Afro-Cuban American Cape Verdean Chinese Ciboney Filipino French Haitian Isleños Italian Japanese Jewish Korean Lebanese Mexican Spanish White
By occupation	Architects Artists Athletes Baseball players Painters abstract Writers women

Categories:

Revision as of 05:49, 22 May 2017 editInternetArchiveBot (talk \| contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers5,388,432 edits Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead. #IABot (v1.3.2.1) (Cyberpower678)← Previous edit		Revision as of 11:48, 30 June 2017 edit undoMagioladitis (talk \| contribs)Extended confirmed users, Rollbackers908,576 editsm clean up, replaced: ISBN 0-553-40664-7 → {{ISBN\|0-553-40664-7}} (10) using AWB (12151)Next edit →
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	==See also==		==See also==
		⚫	{{Portal\|Cuba}}
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	* ]		* ]
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	==References==		==References==
	;Notes		;Notes
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	{{Reflist}}		{{Reflist}}
	;Sources		;Sources
	* Achenbach, Joel and Peter Essic (photographer) 2006 The next big one and special supplement (map): Earthquake risk Zones. Nation Geographic 209(4, April), 120-147 and map.		* Achenbach, Joel and Peter Essic (photographer) 2006 The next big one and special supplement (map): Earthquake risk Zones. Nation Geographic 209(4, April), 120-147 and map.
	* Anderson, Jon Lee 1997. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Bantam Press, ISBN 0-553-40664-7 or Grove Press, ISBN 0-8021-1600-0		* Anderson, Jon Lee 1997. Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. Bantam Press, {{ISBN\|0-553-40664-7}} or Grove Press, {{ISBN\|0-8021-1600-0}}
	* AP Latin America January 22, 2005 Ship Begins Sound Wave Research Off Yucatan		* AP Latin America January 22, 2005 Ship Begins Sound Wave Research Off Yucatan
	* Braddock, Daniel M. 1958 Revolutionary Activity in Western Oriente Province. Despatch From the Embassy in Cuba to the Department of State. No. 656 Havana, February 18, 1958 http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cable/cable-2-18-58.htm		* Braddock, Daniel M. 1958 Revolutionary Activity in Western Oriente Province. Despatch From the Embassy in Cuba to the Department of State. No. 656 Havana, February 18, 1958 http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/cable/cable-2-18-58.htm
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	* Cazanas X.; Lewis J.; Melgarejo J.C.; Proenza J.A.; Mattietti Kysar G. 1998 Rocas volcanicas de las series Inferior y Media del Grupo El Cobre en la Sierra Maestra (Cuba Oriental): Volcanismo generado en un arco de islas tholeiitico Volcanic rocks from the lower and intermediate series of the El Cobre Group, Sierra Maestra, Eastern Cuba: A case of island arc tholeiites Source: Acta Geologica Hispanica 33 (1-4) 57-74		* Cazanas X.; Lewis J.; Melgarejo J.C.; Proenza J.A.; Mattietti Kysar G. 1998 Rocas volcanicas de las series Inferior y Media del Grupo El Cobre en la Sierra Maestra (Cuba Oriental): Volcanismo generado en un arco de islas tholeiitico Volcanic rocks from the lower and intermediate series of the El Cobre Group, Sierra Maestra, Eastern Cuba: A case of island arc tholeiites Source: Acta Geologica Hispanica 33 (1-4) 57-74
	* Chiappy-Jhones C., Rico-Gray V.; Gama L.; and Giddings L. 2001 Floristic affinities between the Yucatán peninsula and some karstic areas of Cuba. Journal of Biogeography 28 (4) 535-542		* Chiappy-Jhones C., Rico-Gray V.; Gama L.; and Giddings L. 2001 Floristic affinities between the Yucatán peninsula and some karstic areas of Cuba. Journal of Biogeography 28 (4) 535-542
	* Duarte Oropesa, José 1989 Historiología Cubana. Ediciones Universal Miami Vol 1. ISBN 0-89729-490-4, All volumes ISBN 84-399-2580-8		* Duarte Oropesa, José 1989 Historiología Cubana. Ediciones Universal Miami Vol 1. {{ISBN\|0-89729-490-4}}, All volumes {{ISBN\|84-399-2580-8}}
	* Enamorado, Calixto 1917 Tiempos. Heroicos Persecucion. Rambla, Bauza and Company, Havana.		* Enamorado, Calixto 1917 Tiempos. Heroicos Persecucion. Rambla, Bauza and Company, Havana.
	* Guevara, Ernesto Che 1958 (re-accessed 22 March 2006) Pino del Agua, II. Che Guevara http://chehasta.narod.ru/pda2.htm.		* Guevara, Ernesto Che 1958 (re-accessed 22 March 2006) Pino del Agua, II. Che Guevara http://chehasta.narod.ru/pda2.htm.
	* James, Daniel 2001 Che Guevara. Cooper Square Press. New York ISBN 0-8154-1144-8		* James, Daniel 2001 Che Guevara. Cooper Square Press. New York {{ISBN\|0-8154-1144-8}}
	* Kueny, J.A. 1998 An assessment of protected karst landscapes in the Caribbean Caribbean Geography 9 (.2). 87-100.		* Kueny, J.A. 1998 An assessment of protected karst landscapes in the Caribbean Caribbean Geography 9 (.2). 87-100.
	* Lescaille Durand, Lisván 2003 (accessed 3-22-06) Puede ser el cacique Guamá. Cuba Una identità in movimento https://web.archive.org/web/20070519175949/http://freeweb.supereva.com/carlo260/guama.html?p		* Lescaille Durand, Lisván 2003 (accessed 3-22-06) Puede ser el cacique Guamá. Cuba Una identità in movimento https://web.archive.org/web/20070519175949/http://freeweb.supereva.com/carlo260/guama.html?p
	* Marrero, Levi 1981 5th edition "Geografia de Cuba" La Moderna Poesia, Coral Gables Florida.		* Marrero, Levi 1981 5th edition "Geografia de Cuba" La Moderna Poesia, Coral Gables Florida.
	* Maso, Calixto C. 1998 Historia De Cuba. Ediciones Universal. 3rd Edition Miami ISBN 0-89729-875-6		* Maso, Calixto C. 1998 Historia De Cuba. Ediciones Universal. 3rd Edition Miami {{ISBN\|0-89729-875-6}}
	* McGuire, Bill 2005 Global disaster paves way for global thinking. Geographical,. 77 (3) 14-18.		* McGuire, Bill 2005 Global disaster paves way for global thinking. Geographical,. 77 (3) 14-18.
	* Mora, Pedro 2003 (re accessed 22 March 2006) Aniversario 45 de Pino del Agua II. Importante golpe de la guerrilla. Verde Olivo https://web.archive.org/web/20030826173750/http://www.venceremos.cubaweb.cu/Textos/importante_golpe_dela_guerrilla_verde_olivo.htm		* Mora, Pedro 2003 (re accessed 22 March 2006) Aniversario 45 de Pino del Agua II. Importante golpe de la guerrilla. Verde Olivo https://web.archive.org/web/20030826173750/http://www.venceremos.cubaweb.cu/Textos/importante_golpe_dela_guerrilla_verde_olivo.htm
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	* Naranjo Tamayo, Aldo Daniel and Luis Carlos Palacios Leyva 2004 (Accessed 3-21-06) San Salvador de Bayamo: Proceso fundacional de la segunda villa cubana San Salvador de Bayamo. La Demajagua 3 de noviembre de 2004 http://www.lademajagua.co.cu/bayamo.htm		* Naranjo Tamayo, Aldo Daniel and Luis Carlos Palacios Leyva 2004 (Accessed 3-21-06) San Salvador de Bayamo: Proceso fundacional de la segunda villa cubana San Salvador de Bayamo. La Demajagua 3 de noviembre de 2004 http://www.lademajagua.co.cu/bayamo.htm
	* Goreau, P. D. E. 1983 Tectonic Evolution of the North Central Caribbean Plate Margin. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts.; Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.. September 1983. 248p. Report: WHOI-83-34		* Goreau, P. D. E. 1983 Tectonic Evolution of the North Central Caribbean Plate Margin. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts.; Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge. Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.. September 1983. 248p. Report: WHOI-83-34
	* Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Paleobiogeografía de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) reportados en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P6: 1-15. ISBN 959-7117-03-7.		* Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Paleobiogeografía de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) reportados en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P6: 1-15. {{ISBN\|959-7117-03-7}}.
	* Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Estratigrafía, Tafonomía y Paleoecología de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-2: 1-36. ISBN 959-7117-03-7.		* Rojas-Consuegra, R. 2005 Estratigrafía, Tafonomía y Paleoecología de los Rudistas (Moluscos Cretácicos) en el territorio cubano. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-2: 1-36. {{ISBN\|959-7117-03-7}}.
	* Rojas-Consuegra, R., M. A. Iturralde-Vinent, C. Díaz-Otero y D. García-Delgado 2005 Significación paleogeográfica de la brecha basal del Límite K/T en Loma Dos Hermanas (Loma Capiro), en Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P7: 1-9. ISBN 959-7117-03-7		* Rojas-Consuegra, R., M. A. Iturralde-Vinent, C. Díaz-Otero y D. García-Delgado 2005 Significación paleogeográfica de la brecha basal del Límite K/T en Loma Dos Hermanas (Loma Capiro), en Santa Clara, provincia de Villa Clara. I Convención Cubana de Ciencias de la Tierra. GEOCIENCIAS’ 2005. Memorias, Trabajos y Resúmenes. Centro Nacional de Información Geológica. IGP. La Habana. CD ROM. 2005. GEO08-P7: 1-9. {{ISBN\|959-7117-03-7}}
	* La Rosa Corzo, Gabino (translated by Mary Todd) 2003 Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill ISBN 0-8078-2803-3		* La Rosa Corzo, Gabino (translated by Mary Todd) 2003 Runaway Slave Settlements in Cuba: Resistance and Repression University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill {{ISBN\|0-8078-2803-3}}
	* Rousset, Ricardo V. 1918. Historial de Cuba. Libreria Cervantes, Havana, Vol. 3 pp. pp. 137–153.		* Rousset, Ricardo V. 1918. Historial de Cuba. Libreria Cervantes, Havana, Vol. 3 pp. pp. 137–153.
	* Scotese, Christopher R. 1999. Evolution of the Caribbean Sea (100 mya - Present) Collision of Cuba with Florida Platform and Opening of the Cayman Trough. PALEOMAP Project http://www.scotese.com/caribanim.htm		* Scotese, Christopher R. 1999. Evolution of the Caribbean Sea (100 mya - Present) Collision of Cuba with Florida Platform and Opening of the Cayman Trough. PALEOMAP Project http://www.scotese.com/caribanim.htm

Revision as of 11:48, 30 June 2017

History

Ornithology

See also

References

External links