| Revision as of 21:06, 2 February 2019 view sourceTsumiki (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers3,494 edits Undid revision 881475358 by Emir of Misplaced Pages (talk) per prior consensus on short descTag: Undo← Previous edit | Revision as of 21:09, 2 February 2019 view source Tsumiki (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers3,494 editsm Alexa rank Feb 19Tag: 2017 wikitext editorNext edit → | ||
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| | launch date = {{start date and age|August 2016}} (beta)<ref name=":2"/><br>{{start date and age|May 2017}} (open registration) | | launch date = {{start date and age|August 2016}} (beta)<ref name=":2"/><br>{{start date and age|May 2017}} (open registration) | ||
| | revenue = | | revenue = | ||
| | alexa = {{Decrease}} |
| alexa = {{Decrease}} 14,068 {{nowrap|(Global, {{as of|2019|02|alt=February 2019}})}}<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |title=gab.ai Traffic Statistics |url=http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/gab.ai |website=] |date=July 28, 2018 |accessdate=July 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812101857/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/gab.ai |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |dead-url=no |df=mdy-all }}</ref> | ||
| | current_status = Active | | current_status = Active | ||
| |founder={{nowrap|Andrew Torba}}<br>{{nowrap|Ekrem Büyükkaya}}<ref name=":4" />}} | |founder={{nowrap|Andrew Torba}}<br>{{nowrap|Ekrem Büyükkaya}}<ref name=":4" />}} | ||
Revision as of 21:09, 2 February 2019
Far-right social network
| [REDACTED] | |
| Type of site | Social networking service |
|---|---|
| Available in | English |
| Headquarters | Austin, Texas, US |
| Founder(s) | Andrew Torba Ekrem Büyükkaya |
| Industry | Internet |
| URL | gab |
| Registration | Required |
| Users | 850,000 (claimed, December 2018) 19,526 (estimated active, January 2019) |
| Current status | Active |
| Written in | PHP, Laravel |
![[REDACTED]](https://u3vuiephb.global.ssl.fastly.net/File:Gab_text_logo.svg){kind=link}
Gab is an English-language social media website, known for its mainly far-right user base. The site has been described as "extremist friendly" or a "safe haven" for neo-Nazis, white supremacists, and the alt-right. The site allows its users to read and write multimedia messages of up to 3,000 characters, called "gabs". It has stated that conservative, libertarian, nationalist and populist internet users were its target markets.
Gab promotes itself as a vehicle for "free speech"; this has been criticized by scholars as "merely a shield behind which its alt-right users hide", and "an echo chamber for right-leaning content dissemination". Gab is a favorite of, and primarily attracts, far-right or "alt-right" users who have been banned from other social networks. A majority of Gab's users are white, a majority are male, and a majority are conservative. Antisemitism is a prominent part of the site's content, and the platform itself has engaged in antisemitic commentary.
Gab reported 850,000 accounts in December 2018, although estimations of its active users in January 2019 are 19,526. As of 2018, the site's most-followed users included high-profile far-right figures such as Richard B. Spencer, Mike Cernovich, and Alex Jones. The site recognizes far-right websites such as Breitbart News and InfoWars as competitors, according to an early 2018 financial filing.
The site gained extensive public scrutiny following the Pittsburgh synagogue shooting in October 2018, as Robert Gregory Bowers, the perpetrator of the massacre, posted a message indicating an immediate intent to harm before the shooting; Bowers had a history of making extreme, antisemitic postings on Gab. After a backlash from hosting providers, Gab briefly went offline.
History
Gab was created in August 2016, billing itself as an alternative to the social networking site Twitter. Co-founder and CEO Andrew Torba cited "the entirely left-leaning Big Social monopoly" as part of the inspiration for Gab, which he created "after reading reports that Facebook employees suppress conservative articles". Torba said in November that the site's user base had expanded significantly following censorship controversies involving major social media companies, including the permanent suspensions from Twitter of several prominent alt-right accounts. After nine months of closed beta testing the site became available to anyone registering with an email.
In December 2016, Apple declined Gab.ai's submission of its app to the iOS App Store, citing pornographic content as the reason. At the same time, Twitter also cut off Gab's access to the Twitter API without specifying a reason. A resubmitted version of the app which blocked pornography by default was also rejected for violating Apple's rules on hate speech.
On July 22, 2017, Gab added Pro accounts and on August 1, 2017, Gab TV was opened to Pro members. It was described by The Federalist as a service for creating Periscope-like video streaming channels. According to Torba, the site was hit with a DDoS attack soon afterwards.
On August 17, 2017, Google removed Gab's app from the Google Play Store for violating its policy against hate speech. Google stated that the app did not "demonstrate a sufficient level of moderation, including for content that encourages violence and advocates hate against groups of people." In September 2017, Gab filed an antitrust suit against Google for their removal of the app but dropped the suit on October 22, 2017.
In September 2017, Gab faced pressure from its domain registrar to take down a post by The Daily Stormer founder Andrew Anglin. Danny O'Brien of the Electronic Frontier Foundation commented that this pressure was part of an increase in politically-motivated domain name seizures.
On August 9, 2018, Torba announced that Microsoft Azure, Gab's host, had threatened to suspend the site for "weeks/months" if they failed to remove two antisemitic posts made by Patrick Little, a a U.S. senate candidate who had been ejected from the Republican Party for his antisemitism. According to The Verge, the posts "express intense anti-Semitism and meet any reasonable definition of hate speech." According to Gab's Twitter account, Little deleted the posts, but this was contradicted by Torba who said Gab itself had deleted the posts which "unquestionably" did break "our user guidelines". Little said the complaint was a violation of an American's rights. On the same day, Alex Jones interviewed Torba on The Alex Jones Show during his coverage of his own permanent ban from YouTube. Little was suspended indefinitely from Gab in late November 2018 for encouraging harassment of private individuals; Gab stressed that although Little's account had posted hate speech, it was not the cause of the ban.
According to Gab's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, around 635,000 users were registered on Gab by September 10, 2018.
Torba has stated that Gab is "not designed specifically for conservatives" and has stated that "we welcome everyone and always will". In filings made with the SEC in 2016, Gab stated that its target market is "conservative, libertarian, nationalists and populist internet users around the world", and listed far-right conspiracy theorist websites Breitbart News and InfoWars as its main competitors. He stated that "We want everyone to feel safe on Gab, but we're not going to police what is hate speech and what isn't". In response to criticism, in March 2017, Gab announced its plans to "make the site more diverse" by removing the downvote button. Torba said that this feature was being abused by "social justice warriors".
Gab has used the address of a WeWork coworking space in Philadelphia in SEC filings. A WeWork spokesperson said that Torba had become a member under his own name, not Gab's, and that his time there had been brief. In October 2018, a Gab spokesperson told The Philadelphia Inquirer that Gab was at that point no longer based in Philadelphia.
During the 2018 Brazilian Presidential election many right-wing Brazilian political pages were banned from Facebook for breaching the site's hate speech rules. In response, many administrators of these pages began promoting Gab as an alternative platform; subsequently Brazilians became the second-largest demographic of Gab users. Jair Bolsonaro's party, the Social Liberal Party, has an official Gab account.
In December 2018, Gab sponsored Turning Point USA's "Student Action Summit" in Palm Beach, Florida. Days prior to the event, Turning Point USA removed Gab from the list of sponsors without offering an explanation. Gab posted a press statement in protest.
The company turned to cryptocurrency payment processing services after being rejected from PayPal and Stripe in the aftermath of the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting. In January 2019, Coinbase and Square, Inc.'s Cash App closed the accounts held by Gab and Andrew Torba.
On January 22, 2019, Gab announced that it had partnered with Second Amendment Processing, a Michigan-based payment processor. As of January 2019, Sibyl Systems LTD hosts Gab, charging $1,175 per month for its services.
The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) reported on January 24, 2019 that Gab has misrepresented its services and bloated its user count in its filings and promotional materials. The Gab TV service that is advertised on its StartEngine crowdfunding page as of January 2019 was only active very briefly in early 2018, and also as of January 2019, the dedicated page for the service is blank. Unlike other social media companies, Gab does not publish the count of its active users, and only reports registered accounts. Social media intelligence company Storyful estimated the amount of active unique accounts in mid January 2019 to be 19,526, far lower than Gab's claimed 850,000 registered users. Users to the site commonly mocked Andrew Torba for the site's emptiness, with some accused him of buoying user numbers. In a December 2018 filing, the company reported that only 5,000 users are paying for its subscription services.
Shortly after the SPLC published its report on Gab's misleading statements and financial struggles, the site made its Twitter account private for 4 days, and switched to an invitation-only mode for new user registrations. The site stated that this was an experiment to improve user experience. Gab previously had intermittent service outages for a week. Without providing evidence, Gab claimed that the outages were caused by bot attacks, possibly from state actors or a paid team, referring to the latter as "activist bloggers". Andrew Torba shared a post from another user that suggested that the "deep state" was responsible. The Daily Beast noted that this was an attempt to further obfuscate its numbers, in response to reports that it had inflated its user count.
Users and content
The site is a favorite of far-right or alt-right users who have been banned or suspended from other services, including former Breitbart writer Milo Yiannopoulos and formerly anonymous Twitter user Douglass Mackey (pseudonym "Ricky Vaughn"); white supremacists such as Richard B. Spencer, Tila Tequila, Christopher Cantwell, and Vox Day; and far-right political parties including Britain First. Andrew Torba, the CEO of Gab.ai, was himself removed from the Y Combinator alumni network because of harassment concerns, starting when he used "build the wall" to insult a Latino CEO. Until 2016, Torba was registered as a Democrat, although he voted for Donald Trump and other Republicans.
In early 2018, a cross-university group released a research study on posts made to the site. According to that study, the site hosted a high volume of racism and hate speech, and primarily "attracts alt-right users, conspiracy theorists, and other trolls". The study listed Carl Benjamin, Ann Coulter, Alex Jones, Stefan Molyneux, Lauren Southern, and Paul Joseph Watson as some of the more popular users of the site. The authors also performed an automated search using Hatebase and found "hate words" in 5.4% of Gab posts, which they stated was 2.4 times higher than their occurrence on Twitter but less than half that found on 4chan's politically incorrect board. The authors of the study concluded that while anyone can join Gab, the site is aligned with the alt-right and its use of free speech rhetoric "merely functions as a shield for its alt-right users to hide behind."
Another research study in late 2018 concluded that Gab is crowded by extremist users. The study found that 35% of Gab users followed at least one extremist individual listed by the ADL and the SPLC. 61% of individuals in the ADL's list have Gab accounts. The number of posts and followers of these extremist Gab users far exceeds that of average Gab users, indicating that they are more active in the system. Among Gab's users, a majority are "conservative, male, and Caucasian." The study showed a great variety in the domains of URLs that are shared on Gab, and found that most of these domains are not popular in other social media or other parts of the Internet. A portion of these domains are known for spreading politics-related news. This led the researchers to the conclusion that Gab "has become an echo chamber for right-leaning content dissemination."
Former users include white nationalist political candidate Paul Nehlen, who was removed from the site for doxing the man behind the "Ricky Vaughn" Twitter account, and blackhat hacker and former Daily Stormer writer Andrew Auernheimer (known as weev), who was banned for calling for genocide against Jews and endorsing terrorist Timothy McVeigh. Auernheimer's activity prompted threats from Gab's then webhost Asia Registry to remove the comments or they would refuse to host the site.
Antisemitism and violence
Rita Katz, an expert researcher and analyst on terrorism and extremism, and director of SITE Intelligence Group, wrote on Politico that Robert Bowers' extreme antisemitic postings are "anything but an anomaly" on the website, and " concerns about its growing facilitation of white nationalism and other far-right movements." Stormfront users praised the site for connecting "Jew-wise people," a white supremacist code word for anti-Semites. User profiles often contain Nazi symbolism, and Katz says that when scrolling through user profiles containing messages about killing Jewish people "you feel as if you’ve stumbled into Hitler’s Nazi Germany". Katz found that many Gab users were celebrating immediately after Bowers' massacre against the Tree of Life synagogue. One user, "Brett Stevens", created polls after the shooting; one poll asking "What should the future of Jewish people in the West be?" was answered with 35% users voting for "Genocide" and 47% for "Repatriation". Another poll asking if users supported Robert Bowers was answered with 25% voting for "Yes". Alex Linder, owner of the neo-Nazi website Vanguard News Network, wrote on Gab that Jews intended to murder whites "if we let them", and followed with the hashtag "#DeathToTheJews". Katz wrote that far-right communities' rise to popularity on Gab is "remarkably similar" to the rise of ISIS on social media. She concluded with a call for national conversation on Gab's hate and incitement of violent content, its "evasive outcry about free speech", and the United States' double standard on Islamic and domestic far-right terrorism.
The Jewish Chronicle in London found material on the site accusing Jews of responsibility for 9/11. After setting up a fake account on Gab, the newspaper's journalist Ben Weich was quickly "presented with a steady stream of Holocaust denial, antisemitic tropes and conspiracy theories — as well as those venerating Adolf Hitler." One of the posts discovered came from a user named "Violett Elfenebin", who used a swastika as their profile picture and stated "The parasitic Jews will fully deserve the genocide that's coming upon them," and "They do not not deserve mercy, expulsion will never fix a rat problem, extermination does." The non-profit left-wing media collective Unicorn Riot discovered that individual Gab users led by alt-right figure Brittany Pettibone organized on the video game chat and voice room platform Discord, and that some of the discussions centered on antisemitism and achieving "ethno-nationalism."
The Gab platform itself has engaged in antisemitic commentary. In August 2018, in response to a post calling for the shutdown of the site, the platform's Twitter account responded with a post suggesting that it is unsurprising for a person with a Jewish last name to oppose "free speech," and followed up with a citation to a Bible verse (Revelation 3:9) that referred to Jewish nonbelievers of Jesus Christ as members of the "synagogue of Satan". On October 31, 2018, The Washington Post pointed to two messages on the Gab Twitter account and wrote that they "raise questions about whether they cross the line into impropriety." One captioned a photo of two men, one with Jewish sidelocks, with "I'm calling the cops on both and getting my shotgun ready, just saying" and another argued for opposition to immigration by saying "Let a bunch of Somalians migrate to your neighborhood and see if you change your mind." Torba alternately explained the tweets as possibly fake or doctored, later "clearly satire / comedy," and then much later, "a few edgy tweets posted by interns." The tweets were later deleted.
In addition to allowing Holocaust denial and other forms of anti-Semitism, Gab has been used as a recruitment tool by several neo-Nazi and alt-right groups, including Identity Evropa, Patriot Front, and the Atomwaffen Division, a terrorist organization tied to a number of murders. In 2018, threats by a Gab user against an African-American member of the Pennsylvania Democratic Committee that included pictures of weapons and racial slurs prompted a police investigation, although no charges were ultimately filed. The user's previous posts had included one that asked "Why aren’t we organizing and killing leftists in droves?"
2018 Pittsburgh synagogue shooting
Robert Gregory Bowers, the sole suspected shooter in the attack against a Pittsburgh synagogue in 2018, maintained an active, verified Gab account where he displayed the neo-Nazi code-phrase 1488. Just prior to the shooting, he posted to the site about a conspiracy theory that refugees being assisted by a Jewish organization were "invaders", and that he was "going in". In the aftermath of the shooting, Gab removed his profile and provided the information to the FBI. On October 27, 2018, soon after the shooting, PayPal, GoDaddy, and Medium terminated their relationship with Gab, and PayPal released a statement that it had it done so based on its review of accounts that may engage in the "perpetuation of hate, violence or discriminatory intolerance". Later on the same day, Gab announced on Twitter that Joyent, Gab's hosting provider, would terminate their service on the following Monday. The tweet said that the site expected to be down for weeks.
Gab returned online on November 4, 2018 after Epik.com agreed to host the domain. Robert W. "Rob" Monster, Epik.com CEO, had defended Gab's neo-Nazi users, and said that neo-Nazis on Gab are actually "liberal trolls" looking to "give enemies of freedom an excuse". On Gab, Christopher Cantwell replied to Monster's claims, stating "We're not liberals, nor are the people trying to get us censored. The people trying to censor Gab are (((communists))), and the Nazis are the only ones willing to take them on...Eventually, everyone will have to pick a side." Since the shooting, Gab has received substantial media attention, having been relatively unknown by the general public prior to the attack.
Jeffrey Clark, neo-Nazi Gab user
Jeffrey Clark, a Washington, D.C. area neo-Nazi, was arrested on November 9, 2018 after his family members alerted law enforcement. Clark, an attendee of the violent Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia, was affiliated with Richard Spencer and Jack Posobiec as well as Vanguard America, the Proud Boys, and the Atomwaffen Division. Clark was a "friend" of Bowers on Gab, and used Gab to claim that the 2018 mail bombing incidents were "dry run for things to come" and that the victims of the Pittsburgh shooting were all "active supporters of pedophilia" who "deserved exactly what happened". The "pinned" message on Clark's Gab account "DC Bowl Gang" included an altered screenshot from the video game Doom depicting the execution of black people in a church and other allusions to the white supremacist mass murderer Dylann Roof, as well as the neo-Nazi code number 1488. Authorities searched Clark's home and found nooses, body armor and a helmet, bullets, a marijuana-growing operation, Nazi and Confederate flags, as well as a flyer promoting the Atomwaffen Division. Clark was charged with illegal possession of a firearm while using or addicted to a controlled substance and with possession of a high-capacity magazine.
Reception
 | This section needs expansion. You can help by making an edit requestadding to it . (January 2019) |
Gab has been described as "Twitter for racists" by Salon, a "hate-filled echo chamber of racism and conspiracy theories" by The Guardian, an "online cesspool of anti-Semitism" by Politico, and "safe haven for banned Twitter trolls, Gamergaters, Pizzagaters and high-profile white nationalists" by Mic. An 2016 editorial in Wired criticized Gab for not explicitly prohibiting hate speech. The only restrictions on expression on the site are on threats of violence, promotion of terrorism, child pornography, revenge porn, and doxing. The Southern Poverty Law Center characterized Gab as a site where its users are "radicalized aggressively". Heidi Beirich, a director of the center, stated that the site is "the number one place nowadays where white supremacists gather".
Nicholas Thompson, an editor of Wired, questioned the sincerity of the site's self-promotion as a defender for "free speech" in a 2018 editorial, writing: "To many people, Torba’s First Amendment absolutism is just a talking point. The site exists less to defend the ideals of Benjamin Franklin than those of Christopher Cantwell. It chose as its logo a creature that looks rather like Pepe, the alt-right attack frog. It courted people on the far right, and it became a haven for them. Free speech can be less a principle than a smokescreen." Thompson noted that Robert Bowers likely expected affirmation from his last message that indicated his intent to carry out the Pittsburgh synagogue massacre, leading Thompson to the conclusion: "if it’s a platform where someone can expect affirmation for threatening slaughter, then why should anyone help it exist?"
Revenue
Gab does not use advertising. The site began offering a premium subscription service for Gab named "Gab Pro" in April 2017. The subscription allowed users to have private chats for up to 25 people; private chat with a maximum of two users was later added for all users, and the Gab Pro limit was increased to 50. Private messages are deleted after 24 hours. Gab Pro subscribers can also view a topic breakdown for other users, make lists of users to sort their home feed, livestream on GabTV (though this has since been removed), and more easily get their profile verified. Subscribers also get a "PRO" badge next to their posts. In July 2017, Gab also started an investment project which met its goal of $1.07 million on August 19, 2017.
The company has lost more than $350,000 from 2016 to 2018, and has relied on the online crowdfunding broker StartEngine since 2017, raising $2 million due to a JOBS Act provision. The company reported in a December 2018 filing that rejection from PayPal and Stripe following the 2018 Pittsburgh Synagogue shooting has caused a 90% drop in its subscription revenue. It has since relied on mail and cryptocurrency for subscription payment processing. In January 2019, the company partnered with the "obscure" Second Amendment Processing for future payment processing. The company's Regulation A exempt offering of $10 million has been pending approval by the SEC since 2017. Two analysts contacted by the SPLC commented that this might suggest that "the SEC has concerns about allowing the sale to go forward". Heidi Beirich noted an unusual lack of communication records with the SEC regulators in Gab's financial filings, unlike those of similar companies.
Design
 | This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (March 2018) |
Gab's color theme is a minimalist combination of black text on white panels with pink hashtags and usernames. Pro users have a contrasted top bar in dark blue. The interface displays messages in a Twitter-like vertically-scrolling timeline with an option to upvote or downvote each post. The site also aggregates popular posts and trending topic hashtags. Users can sort comments and posts in a subject by time or score. Default biographies for new users display a randomly chosen quotation about the importance of free speech. The default profile picture for new users to the site features NPC Wojak, a popular far-right internet meme. The site offers its users an option to delete their entire posting history in a single click.
When writing a gab, users can post up to 3,000 characters of plain text, with the first 300 appearing in the timeline and an option to read the rest.
In July 2017, Gab implemented a system where people who downvoted others (through spamming) would have their accounts downvoted as well and their ability to leave downvotes would be revoked. Downvotes were later removed entirely, with Gab's then-COO Utsav Sanduja explaining that they were being used to troll and to harass women, and that "there were a lot of social justice warriors and members of the far left coming into our site essentially trying to start a brouhaha."
A frog named "Gabby" was the logo of Gab as of 2016. Torba stated that the frog logo was inspired by Bible verses (Exodus 8:1–12 and Psalms 78:45) and various other traditional symbolic meanings. Sanduja said that the frog was meant to symbolize the "revenge against those who went against mainstream conservative voices on the internet." The logo has been compared to Pepe the Frog, a cartoon character appropriated by the alt-right.
See also
Notes
- Andrew Torba on August 11, 2018: "Free speech means you can offend, criticize, and make memes about any race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation"
References
- ^ "Company Overview of Gab AI Inc". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved January 28, 2019.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Dougherty, John; Hayden, Michael Edison. "How Gab Has Raised Millions Thanks to This Crowdfunding Company". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
- Büyükkaya, Ekrem (May 31, 2018). "Ekrem Büyükkaya on Gab: "I want to offer some transparency and clarity..."". gab.ai. Archived from the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 17, 2018.
We are using a PHP framework called Laravel for the major part of Gab services...
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Wilson, Jason (November 17, 2016). "Gab: alt-right's social media alternative attracts users banned from Twitter". The Guardian. Archived from the original on December 4, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "gab.ai Traffic Statistics". Alexa Internet. July 28, 2018. Archived from the original on August 12, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Hess, Amanda (November 30, 2016). "The Far Right Has a New Digital Safe Space". The New York Times. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ Robertson, Adi (September 6, 2017). "Far-right friendly social network Gab is facing censorship controversy". Archived from the original on April 4, 2018. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Feeling Sidelined By Mainstream Social Media, Far-Right Users Jump To Gab". NPR.org. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Roose, Kevin (October 28, 2018). "On Gab, an Extremist-Friendly Site, Pittsburgh Shooting Suspect Aired His Hatred in Full". The New York Times. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Ehrenkranz, Melanie (March 17, 2017). "Gab, a haven for White Nationalists, is now trying to reach young, diverse progressives". Mic. Archived from the original on September 4, 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "This New Social Network Promises Almost-Total Free Speech To Its Users". BuzzFeed. Archived from the original on December 3, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Timberg, Craig; Harwell, Drew; Elizabeth, Dwoskin; Brown, Emma (October 31, 2018). "From Silicon Valley elite to social media hate: The radicalization that led to Gab". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved January 2, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Katz, Rita (October 29, 2018). "Inside the Online Cesspool of Anti-Semitism That Housed Robert Bowers". POLITICO Magazine. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
- ^ Zannettou, Savvas; Bradlyn, Barry; De Cristofaro, Emiliano; Kwak, Haewoon; Sirivianos, Michael; Stringhini, Gianluca; Blackburn, Jeremy (March 13, 2018). "What is Gab". What is Gab? A Bastion of Free Speech or an Alt-Right Echo Chamber?. pp. 1007–1014. arXiv:1802.05287. doi:10.1145/3184558.3191531. ISBN 9781450356404.
- ^ Lima, Lucas; Reis, Julio C. S.; Melo, Philipe; Murai, Fabricio; Araújo, Leandro; Vikatos, Pantelis; Benevenuto, Fabrício (July 10, 2018). "Inside the Right-Leaning Echo Chambers: Characterizing Gab, an Unmoderated Social System". arXiv:1807.03688 .
We also show that the majority of Gab users are conservative, male, and Caucasian.
- ^ Neidig, Harper (August 18, 2017). "Citing hate speech, Google suspends social media site favored by alt-right from app store". TheHill. Archived from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved November 21, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Weich, Ben (January 2, 2019). "Inside Gab, the alt-right's social media network that is awash with antisemitism". The Jewish Chronicle. London. Archived from the original on January 7, 2019. Retrieved January 2, 2019.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Kraus, Rachel. "Gab came back online, and immediately filled up with anti-semitism". Mashable. Retrieved January 27, 2019.
- ^ Investigates, Jose Pagliery and Konstantin Toropin, CNN. "Social network Gab, a home for anti-Semitic speech, produced some of its own". CNN. Archived from the original on October 31, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.
{{cite news}}:|first=has generic name (help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - "Gab, the social network used by accused Pittsburgh synagogue shooter, goes offline". USA Today. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 30, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Linton, Caroline (November 3, 2018). "Gab gets new domain host, expects to be back online Sunday". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - "Company Overview of Gab AI Inc". www.bloomberg.com. Retrieved January 23, 2019.
- ^ Shaw, Adam (November 28, 2016). "As Twitter cracks down on alt-right, aggrieved members flee to 'Gab'". Fox News. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
- ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (November 29, 2016). "Banned from Twitter? This site promises you can say whatever you want". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 2, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Rodriguez, Salvador (December 15, 2016). "Gab, the Alt-Right's Favorite Social Network, Gets Rejections From Apple, Twitter". Inc.com. Retrieved September 7, 2017.
- ^ Rob Price (August 18, 2017). "Google's app store has banned Gab — a social network popular with the far-right — for 'hate speech'". Business Insider UK. Archived from the original on August 20, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2017.
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{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ Bennett, Tom (April 5, 2018). "Gab Is the Alt-Right Social Network Racists Are Moving to". Vice. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Collins, Ben (October 27, 2018). "Synagogue shooting suspect threatened Jewish groups, pushed conspiracies". NBC News. Archived from the original on October 29, 2018. Retrieved October 28, 2018.
{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Pink, Aiden (April 5, 2018). "Even the Alt-Right Is Sick of Paul Nehlen". The Forward. Archived from the original on May 6, 2018. Retrieved May 6, 2018.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - @getongab (August 9, 2018). "Gab Twitter posting" (Tweet). Archived from the original on August 10, 2018 – via Twitter. of August 9, 2018, on web.archive.org
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Carbone, Christopher (October 28, 2018). "After Pittsburgh synagogue shooting, Gab banned by PayPal, GoDaddy, Medium, suspended by two other platforms". Fox News. Archived from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved December 5, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - Liptak, Andrew (October 27, 2018). "Paypal bans Gab following Pittsburgh shooting". The Verge. Archived from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - @getongab (October 27, 2018). "Breaking: @joyent, Gab's new hosting provider, has just pulled our hosting service. They have given us until 9am on Monday to find a solution. Gab will likely be down for weeks because of this. Working on solutions. We will never give up on defending free speech for all people" (Tweet). Archived from the original on October 28, 2018 – via Twitter.
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{{cite news}}: Unknown parameter|dead-url=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
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