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AMD Ryzen

General information
Launched	February 2017
Discontinued	present
Marketed by	AMD
Designed by	AMD
Common manufacturers	TSMC GlobalFoundries
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	3.0 GHz to 4.6 GHz
Architecture and classification
Technology node	14nm to 7nm
Microarchitecture	Zen Zen+ Zen 2
Instruction set	AMD64/x86-64, MMX(+), SSE1, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4a, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES, CLMUL, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, CVT16/F16C, ABM, BMI1, BMI2, SHA
Physical specifications
Transistors	4.8 billion for Zen & Zen+ (per 8 cores)
Cores	Up to 32 cores/64 threads
Sockets	AM4 TR4
History
Predecessor	FX

Ryzen (/ˈraɪzən/ RY-zən) is a brand of x86-64 microprocessors designed and marketed by Advanced Micro Devices Inc. (AMD) for desktop, mobile and embedded platforms based on the Zen microarchitecture and its successors. It consists of central processing units marketed for mainstream, enthusiast and workstation segments and accelerated processing units (APUs) marketed for mainstream and entry-level segments and embedded applications.

AMD officially announced the first 14nm Ryzen products during its New Horizon summit on December 13, 2016 and introduced them the following February. The second generation of Ryzen CPUs featuring the Zen+ microarchitecture, an incremental improvement built on a 12nm process technology, was released in April 2018. The third generation, based on Zen 2 and featuring more significant design improvements and a further shrink to TSMC's 7nm process, launched on July 7, 2019.

While the majority of Ryzen-branded products are for use with the Socket AM4 platform, in August 2017 AMD added a line of high core count desktop processors aimed at the workstation market with the Ryzen Threadripper branding. Threadripper uses the larger TR4 socket, which supports more memory channels and PCI Express lanes.

History

In the five years before the release of Ryzen, AMD's direct competitor in the x86 and x86-64 consumer-level CPU marketspace, Intel, had continued to grow its market share with the tick-tock improvement cycle of its Core series of microprocessors. Since the release of its Bulldozer microarchitecture in 2011, AMD's CPUs had fallen progressively behind those from Intel in both single- and multi-core performance. Despite a die shrink and several revisions of the Bulldozer architecture, performance and power efficiency failed to catch up with Intel's competing products.

Ryzen is the consumer-level implementation of the newer Zen microarchitecture, a complete re-design that marked the return of AMD to the high-end CPU market, offering a product stack able to compete with Intel at every level. Having more processing cores, Ryzen processors offer greater multi-threaded performance at the same price point relative to Intel's Core processors. The Zen architecture delivers more than 52% improvement in instructions-per-clock cycle over the previous-generation Bulldozer AMD core, without increasing power consumption. Since the release of Ryzen, AMD's CPU market share has increased while Intel appears to have stagnated.

Product lineup

Zen microarchitecture

CPUs: Summit Ridge (Ryzen) and Whitehaven (Ryzen Threadripper)

• Socket AM4 for Ryzen and Socket TR4 for Ryzen Threadripper.
• 4.8 billion transistors per 192 mm 8-core "Zeppelin" die with one die being used for Ryzen and two for Ryzen Threadripper.
• Stepping: B1
• Memory support:
  • Ryzen dual-channel: DDR4–2666 ×2 single rank, DDR4–2400 ×2 dual rank, DDR4–2133 ×4 single rank, or DDR4–1866 ×4 dual rank.
  • Ryzen Threadripper quad-channel: DDR4–2666 ×4 single rank, DDR4–2400 ×4 dual rank, DDR4–2133 ×8 single rank, or DDR4–1866 ×8 dual rank.
• Instructions Sets: x87, MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AES, CLMUL, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, CVT16/F16C, ABM, BMI1, BMI2, SHA.
• All Ryzen-branded CPUs feature unlocked multipliers.
• AMD's SenseMI Technology monitors the processor continuously and uses Infinity Control Fabric to offer the following features:
  • Pure Power reduces the entire ramp of processor voltage and clock speed, for light loads.
  • Precision Boost increases the processor voltage and clock speed by 100–200 MHz if three or more cores are active (five or more, in the case of Threadripper, and by 300 MHz); and significantly further when less than three are active (less than five, in the case of Threadripper).
  • XFR (eXtended Frequency Range) aims to maintain the average clock speed closer to the maximum Precision Boost, when sufficient cooling is available.
  • Neural Net Prediction and Smart Prefetch use perceptron based neural branch prediction inside the processor to optimize instruction workflow and cache management.
• Ryzen launched in conjunction with a line of stock coolers for Socket AM4: the Wraith Stealth, Wraith Spire and Wraith Max. This line succeeds the original AMD Wraith cooler, which was released in mid-2016. The Wraith Stealth is a bundled low-profile unit meant for the lower-end CPUs with a rating for a TDP of 65 W, whereas the Wraith Spire is the bundled mainstream cooler with a TDP rating of 95 W, along with optional RGB lighting on certain models. The Wraith Max is a larger cooler incorporating heatpipes, rated for a 140W TDP.

Common features of Ryzen 1000 desktop CPUs:

• Socket: AM4.
• All the CPUs support DDR4-2666 in dual-channel mode.
• All the CPUs support 24 PCIe 3.0 lanes. 4 of the lanes are reserved as link to the chipset.
• No integrated graphics.
• L1 cache: 96 KB (32 KB data + 64 KB instruction) per core.
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core.
• Node/fabrication process: GlobalFoundries 14 LP.

• v
• t
• e

1. Manufacturer suggested retail price at launch

1. Core Complexes (CCX) × cores per CCX

APUs: Raven Ridge

• 4.95 billion transistors on a 210 mm die, based on a modified 14nm Zeppelin die where four of the cores are replaced by an integrated fifth-generation GCN-based GPU.
• 16 external PCIe 3.0 lanes (four each to chipset and M.2 socket; eight to a PCIe slot). 16 internal PCIe 3.0 lanes for the integrated GPU and on-board I/O.

Mobile

In May 2017, AMD demonstrated a Ryzen mobile APU with four Zen CPU cores and Radeon Vega-based GPU. The first Ryzen mobile APUs were officially released in October 2017.

• v
• t
• e

1. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units and Compute units (CU)
2. Single precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

Desktop

In January 2018, AMD announced the first two Ryzen desktop processors with integrated Radeon Vega graphics under the Raven Ridge codename. The Ryzen 3 2200G and the Ryzen 5 2400G were released in February. Other Raven Ridge processors were added later that year, with the most basic of entry level products appearing under the re-launched Athlon branding and with locked clock multipliers.

• v
• t
• e

1. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units and Compute Units (CU)
2. Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

Embedded

In February 2018, AMD announced the V1000 series of embedded Zen+Vega APUs with four SKUs.

• v
• t
• e

1. Unified Shaders : Texture Mapping Units : Render Output Units and Compute Units (CU)
2. Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

In April 2019, AMD announced another line of embedded Zen+Vega APUs, namely the Ryzen Embedded R1000 series with two SKUs.

Zen+ microarchitecture

CPUs: Pinnacle Ridge (Ryzen) and Colfax (Ryzen Threadripper)

The first of the Ryzen 2000 series of CPU products based on the 12nm Zen+ microarchitecture, code named Pinnacle Ridge and featuring improved Precision Boost 2 technology, were announced for preorder on April 13, 2018 and launched six days later. The new Wraith Prism cooler was bundled with the Ryzen 7 2700X. The first of the 2000 series of Ryzen Threadripper products, introducing Precision Boost Overdrive technology, followed in August. Common features of Ryzen 2000 desktop CPUs:

• Socket: AM4.
• All the CPUs support DDR4-2933 in dual-channel mode, except for R7 2700E, R5 2600E, R5 1600AF and R3 1200AF which support it at DDR4-2666 speeds.
• All the CPUs support 24 PCIe 3.0 lanes. 4 of the lanes are reserved as link to the chipset.
• No integrated graphics.
• L1 cache: 96 KB (32 KB data + 64 KB instruction) per core.
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core.
• Fabrication process: GlobalFoundries 12LP (14LP+).

• v
• t
• e

1. Core Complexes (CCX) × cores per CCX

1. Manufacturer suggested retail price at launch
2. ^ Model also available as PRO version as 2600, 2700, 2700X, released on September 19, 2018.
3. ^ AF models are 12 nm Zen+ refresh of 14 nm Zen models (1200 and 1600 with "AF" instead of "AE" in the part numbers).

APUs: Picasso

Picasso is the 12nm refresh of Raven Ridge, offering a modest increase in clock speeds (up to an additional 300MHz maximum boost), Precision Boost 2, an up to 3% increase in IPC from the move to the Zen+ core with its reduced cache and memory latencies, and newly added solder thermal interface material for the desktop parts.

Mobile

Template:AMD Ryzen Mobile 3000 series

Desktop

Common features of Zen+ based desktop APUs:

• Socket: AM4.
• All the CPUs support DDR4-2933 in dual-channel mode, while Athlon Pro 300GE and Athlon Silver Pro 3125GE support only DDR4-2666.
• L1 cache: 96 KB (32 KB data + 64 KB instruction) per core.
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core.
• All the CPUs support 16 PCIe 3.0 lanes.
• Includes integrated GCN 5th generation GPU.
• Fabrication process: GlobalFoundries 12LP.

• v
• t
• e

1. Starting with 2020 releases, AMD stopped referring to integrated graphics as "Vega", therefore all Vega based iGPUs are branded as AMD Radeon Graphics (instead Radeon Vega 3 or Radeon Vega 10).
2. Unified shaders : Texture mapping units : Render output units and Compute units (CU)
3. Single-precision performance is calculated from the base (or boost) core clock speed based on a FMA operation.

Zen 2 microarchitecture

CPUs: Matisse (Ryzen) and Castle Peak (Ryzen Threadripper)

On May 27, 2019, AMD launched its third generation of Ryzen processors using its chiplet-based Zen 2 architecture at Computex in Taipei. The chiplet design separates the CPU cores, fabricated on TSMC's 7nm process, and the I/O, fabricated on GlobalFoundries' 12nm process, and connects them via Infinity Fabric. The Ryzen 3000 series uses the same AM4 socket as earlier models and is the first CPU to offer PCIe version 4 connectivity. The new architecture offers a 15% instruction-per-clock (IPC) uplift and a reduction in energy usage. Other improvements include a doubling of the L3 cache size, a re-optimized L1 instruction cache, a larger op. cache, double the floating point performance, improved branch prediction, and better instruction pre-fetching. The six-, eight- and 12-core SKUs became generally available on July 7, 2019. On September 20, 2019 AMD announced that third generation Ryzen Threadripper processors with core counts starting at 24 would be launched in November. Common features of Ryzen 3000 desktop CPUs:

• Socket: AM4.
• All the CPUs support DDR4-3200 in dual-channel mode.
• L1 cache: 64 KB (32 KB data + 32 KB instruction) per core.
• L2 cache: 512 KB per core.
• All the CPUs support 24 PCIe 4.0 lanes. 4 of the lanes are reserved as link to the chipset.
• No integrated graphics.
• Fabrication process: TSMC 7FF.

• v
• t
• e

1. A Core Complex Die contain 1-2 Core Complexes (CCXs).
2. Core Complexes (CCXs) × cores per CCX
3. Ryzen 9 3900X and Ryzen 9 3950X may consume over 145 W under load.
4. Ryzen 7 3700X may consume 90 W under load.

1. ^ Model also available as PRO 3600, PRO 3700, PRO 3900, released on September 30, 2019 for OEMs.

The six- and eight-core processors have one core chiplet, while above this, the parts have two core chiplets. In all cases the I/O die is the same.

Initial reception

The first Ryzen 7 (1700, 1700X, and 1800X) processors debuted in early March 2017 and were generally well received by hardware reviewers. Ryzen was the first brand new architecture from AMD in five years, and without very much initial fine-tuning or optimization, it ran generally well for reviewers. Initial Ryzen chips ran well with software and games already on the market, performing exceptionally well in workstation scenarios, and well in most gaming scenarios. Compared to Piledriver-powered FX chips, Zen-powered Ryzen chips ran cooler, much faster, and used less power. IPC uplift was eventually gauged to be 52% higher than Excavator, which was two full generations ahead of the architecture still being used in AMD's FX-series desktop predecessors like the FX-8350 and FX-8370. Though Zen fell short of Intel's Kaby Lake in terms of IPC, and therefore single-threaded throughput, it compensated by offering more cores to applications that can use them. Power consumption and heat were found to be highly competitive with Intel, and the included Wraith coolers were generally competitive with higher-priced aftermarket solutions.

Ryzen 1800X's multi-threaded performance, in some cases while using Blender or other open-source software, was around four times the performance of the FX-8370, or nearly double that of the i7 7700K. One reviewer found that Ryzen chips would typically outperform competing Intel i7 processors for a fraction of the price when all eight cores were utilized.

One complaint among a subset of reviewers, however, was that Ryzen processors fell behind their Intel counterparts when running older games, or running certain newer games at mainstream resolutions such as 720p or 1080p. AMD acknowledged the gaming performance deficit at low resolutions during a Reddit "Ask Me Anything" thread, where it explained that updates and patches were being developed. Subsequent updates to Ashes of the Singularity: Escalation and Rise of the Tomb Raider increased frame rates by 17 to 31% on Ryzen systems. Publisher id Software announced in April 2017 it would optimize its future games to make use of the greater parallelism available on Ryzen CPUs.

It has been suggested that low threaded applications often result in Ryzen processors being underutilized, producing lower than expected benchmark scores, due to the fact that Zen relies on its core count to make up for its lower IPC rating than that of Kaby Lake. However, AMD and others have argued thread scheduling is not the fundamental issue to Windows 10 performance. Early AM4 motherboards were also hindered by BIOS bugs and poor DDR4 memory support.

Operating system support

Windows

AMD verified that computers with Ryzen CPUs can boot Windows 7 and Windows 8 but on newer hardware, including AMD Ryzen and Intel Kaby Lake and later, Microsoft only officially supports the use of Windows 10. Windows Update blocks updates from being installed on newer systems running older versions of Windows, though that restriction can be circumvented with an unofficial patch.

Although AMD initially announced that Ryzen chipset drivers would not be provided for Windows 7, its chipset driver packages do in fact list and include them.

Linux

The full performance of Ryzen processors is available with Linux kernel version 4.10 or newer.

Known issues

Spectre

Substantially all modern high performance microprocessors, including Ryzen, were found to be susceptible to a new category of speculative execution vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities can be mitigated without hardware changes via microcode updates and operating system workarounds, but the mitigations incur a performance penalty. AMD Ryzen and Epyc suffer a zero to 9% penalty from the mitigations, depending on workload, comparing favorably with a penalty of in some cases more than 50% for Intel Core and Xeon processors, in part as a result of the AMD processors not requiring mitigation against the related Meltdown vulnerability.

Launched in 2019, Zen 2 includes hardware mitigations against the Spectre V4 speculative store bypass vulnerability.

Segmentation fault

Some early shipments of Ryzen 1000 series processors produced segmentation faults on certain workloads on Linux, especially while compiling code with GCC. AMD offered to replace the affected processors with newer ones that are not affected by the problem.

Alleged issues by CTS Labs

In early 2018, an Israeli cyber-security consultancy firm called CTS Labs claimed to have discovered several major flaws in the Ryzen components ecosystem, publicly disclosing them after giving AMD only 24 hours to react and raising concerns and questions regarding their legitimacy, though they were later confirmed by two separate security firms. AMD has since announced that while the flaws are real and would be fixed via microcode updates, they were severely overplayed as physical access to the hardware is required to exploit them.

See also

• List of AMD microprocessors
• List of AMD Athlon microprocessors
• List of AMD Phenom microprocessors
• List of AMD Ryzen microprocessors
• List of AMD Opteron microprocessors
• List of AMD FX microprocessors
• Epyc

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External links

• Official site - AMD Ryzen™
• AMD's New Horizon summit Ryzen 7 Release

• Advanced Micro Devices x86 microprocessors
• Computer-related introductions in 2017