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==History== ==History==


The term initially denoted Raska. By 1878, the Serbian state started to express claims that "Old Serbia" included Kosovo too. Later, by 1912, the claims were changed to narrow the term to Kosovo only.<ref name="Rama2019">{{cite book|author=Shinasi A. Rama|title=Nation Failure, Ethnic Elites, and Balance of Power: The International Administration of Kosova|year=2019|publisher=Springer|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=oJaDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&dq=Stara+Srbija&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigoPSgt8flAhWWH7cAHUbhC3QQ6AEIbTAJ#v=onepage&q=Stara%20Srbija&f=false|p=76}}</ref> The critical treatment of facts was damaged by the invocation of the past for the justification of present and future claims.<ref name="MadgearuGordon2008">{{cite book|author1=Alexandru Madgearu|author2=Martin Gordon|title=The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins|year=2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=EOIhpIu8KAQC&pg=PA175&dq=Stara+Srbija&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2-dXyuMflAhVNWH0KHYDlDhI4ChDoAQhFMAQ#v=onepage&q=Stara%20Srbija&f=false|p=175}}</ref> The core myth of the Serbian identity became the supposition that Kosovo was the cradle of the Serbian nation.<ref name="Rama2019"/> Serbian rebels of the ] and ] did not have territorial ambitions over Kosovo.<ref name="Ejdus2019"/> A plan, made during that period, to create a Slav-Serbian empire in the Serb-inhabitated areas of the Ottoman Empire, did not include Old Serbia.<ref name="Ejdus2019"/> Serbian interest in the region of Macedonia was defined in the ] program.<ref name="Motta2018"/> It envisioned a Serbian state that included the ], and territories from such areas as Bosnia, Herzegovina, Montenegro and Old Serbia.<ref name="Motta2018"/> This way, the need to spread propaganda among Serbs in the Ottoman Empire was responded to.<ref name="Motta2018"/> However, Nacertanije did not mention Kosovo or Old Serbia.<ref name="Ejdus2019">{{cite book|author=Filip Ejdus|title=Crisis and Ontological Insecurity: Serbia’s Anxiety over Kosovo's Secession|year=2019|publisher=Springer|pp=45-46}}</ref> In May 1877 a delegation of Serbs of Old Serbia presented their request to the government of Serbia to 'liberate' and unite Old Serbia with the ].{{sfn|Mitrović|1996|p=68}} They also informed representatives of the ] and ] about their demands.{{sfn|Mitrović|1996|p=68}} In the same year the Committee for the Liberation of Old Serbia and Macedonia was founded.<ref name="SrejovićGavrilović1983">{{cite book|author1=Dragoslav Srejović|author2=Slavko Gavrilović|author3=Sima M. Ćirković|title=Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od Berlinskog kongresa do Ujedinjenja 1878-1918 (2 v.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L75BAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=21 May 2013|year=1983|publisher=Srpska književna zadruga|page=291}}</ref> In the 1877 peace after the ], the Serbs hoped to gain the ] and ] to the ].{{sfn|Jelavich|1983b|p=29}} However, with the ] they received full sovereignty and made territorial gains around this time, acquiring the districts of ], ], ] and {{ill|Toplica (region)|lt=Toplica|sr|Toplica (oblast)}}.{{sfn|Jelavich|1983b|p=29}} In 1913 the ], ] and ] became part of the ], and subsequently organized into the province (''pokrajina'') of ]. The term initially denoted Raska. By 1878, the Serbian state started to express claims that "Old Serbia" included Kosovo too. Later, by 1912, the claims were changed to narrow the term to Kosovo only.<ref name="Rama2019">{{cite book|author=Shinasi A. Rama|title=Nation Failure, Ethnic Elites, and Balance of Power: The International Administration of Kosova|year=2019|publisher=Springer|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=oJaDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76&dq=Stara+Srbija&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwigoPSgt8flAhWWH7cAHUbhC3QQ6AEIbTAJ#v=onepage&q=Stara%20Srbija&f=false|p=76}}</ref> The critical treatment of facts was damaged by the invocation of the past for the justification of present and future claims.<ref name="MadgearuGordon2008">{{cite book|author1=Alexandru Madgearu|author2=Martin Gordon|title=The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins|year=2008|publisher=Scarecrow Press|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=EOIhpIu8KAQC&pg=PA175&dq=Stara+Srbija&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2-dXyuMflAhVNWH0KHYDlDhI4ChDoAQhFMAQ#v=onepage&q=Stara%20Srbija&f=false|p=175}}</ref> In May 1877 a delegation of Serbs of Old Serbia presented their request to the government of Serbia to 'liberate' and unite Old Serbia with the ].{{sfn|Mitrović|1996|p=68}} They also informed representatives of the ] and ] about their demands.{{sfn|Mitrović|1996|p=68}} In the same year the Committee for the Liberation of Old Serbia and Macedonia was founded.<ref name="SrejovićGavrilović1983">{{cite book|author1=Dragoslav Srejović|author2=Slavko Gavrilović|author3=Sima M. Ćirković|title=Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od Berlinskog kongresa do Ujedinjenja 1878-1918 (2 v.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L75BAAAAYAAJ|accessdate=21 May 2013|year=1983|publisher=Srpska književna zadruga|page=291}}</ref> In the 1877 peace after the ], the Serbs hoped to gain the ] and ] to the ].{{sfn|Jelavich|1983b|p=29}} However, with the ] they received full sovereignty and made territorial gains around this time, acquiring the districts of ], ], ] and {{ill|Toplica (region)|lt=Toplica|sr|Toplica (oblast)}}.{{sfn|Jelavich|1983b|p=29}} In 1913 the ], ] and ] became part of the ], and subsequently organized into the province (''pokrajina'') of ].


Southern Old Serbia and Macedonia became subject of the Serbian-Bulgarian rivalry at the time of the ].<ref name="Motta2018">{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Motta|title=Dynamics and Policies of Prejudice from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Century|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UupwDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dynamics+and+Policies+of+Prejudice+from+the+Eighteenth+to+the+Twenty-first+Century&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjC5uDj6NDlAhUzmuYKHd4AA5YQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=old%20Serbia&f=false|pp=236-244}}</ref> In 1906-1907, ] claimed in his writings that the Macedonian Slavs were an "amorphous" and "floating mass", and lacked national identity. Looking northern Macedonia as "Old Serbia", he sought to legitimize Serbia's territorial claims.<ref>{{cite book|title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies|year=2013|publisher=Brill|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Entangled+Histories+of+the+Balkans+-+Volume+One:+National+Ideologies+and+Language+Policies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0vLyJ69DlAhWFbysKHTDbCTUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Old%20Serbia&f=false|p=315}}</ref> After the conquest of the area, the systematic repression of ] activists took place.<ref>{{Google books |id=ZMyZdvTympMC |page=123 |title=Dejan Djokić, Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918–1992 }}</ref><ref>{{Google books |id=SGnKpNf2RbAC |page=20 |title=R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the twentieth century—and after }}</ref> Southern Old Serbia and Macedonia became subject of the Serbian-Bulgarian rivalry at the time of the ].<ref name="Motta2018">{{cite book|author=Giuseppe Motta|title=Dynamics and Policies of Prejudice from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Century|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=UupwDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dynamics+and+Policies+of+Prejudice+from+the+Eighteenth+to+the+Twenty-first+Century&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjC5uDj6NDlAhUzmuYKHd4AA5YQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=old%20Serbia&f=false|pp=236-244}}</ref> In 1906-1907, ] claimed in his writings that the Macedonian Slavs were an "amorphous" and "floating mass", and lacked national identity. Looking northern Macedonia as "Old Serbia", he sought to legitimize Serbia's territorial claims.<ref>{{cite book|title=Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies|year=2013|publisher=Brill|url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=FGmJqMflYgoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Entangled+Histories+of+the+Balkans+-+Volume+One:+National+Ideologies+and+Language+Policies&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi0vLyJ69DlAhWFbysKHTDbCTUQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Old%20Serbia&f=false|p=315}}</ref> After the conquest of the area, the systematic repression of ] activists took place.<ref>{{Google books |id=ZMyZdvTympMC |page=123 |title=Dejan Djokić, Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918–1992 }}</ref><ref>{{Google books |id=SGnKpNf2RbAC |page=20 |title=R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the twentieth century—and after }}</ref>

Revision as of 18:34, 4 November 2019

Left: Old Serbia and Macedonia, map by Jovan Cvijić
Right: Old Serbia and Macedonia in 1913 (green)

Old Serbia (Template:Lang-sr / Stara Srbija) is a Serbian term used for the territory which according to some Serbian authors formed the core of the late medieval Serbian Empire. It comprised the regions of Raška, Kosovo and Metohija and parts of modern-day Macedonia. The Slavic population of this territory was referred during the late 19th and the early 20th cent. by the Serbs to as Old Serbians (Template:Lang-sr / Starosrbijanci).

Etymology

Vuk Stefanović Karadžić referred to "Old Serbia" as a territory of the Serb people that was part of medieval Serbia prior to the Ottoman conquest. The term originated in Serbian common speech and was introduced by the refugees of the Great Serb Migrations who lived in territories of the Habsburg Monarchy.

Church of St. Peter in RaškaNovo Brdo Fortress in KosovoMarko's Towers in North Macedonia

It re-emerged in the aspirations of liberating these areas during the time of the Serbian Revolution and would later designate the areas to the south not yet liberated by 1833 and 1878.

History

The term initially denoted Raska. By 1878, the Serbian state started to express claims that "Old Serbia" included Kosovo too. Later, by 1912, the claims were changed to narrow the term to Kosovo only. The critical treatment of facts was damaged by the invocation of the past for the justification of present and future claims. In May 1877 a delegation of Serbs of Old Serbia presented their request to the government of Serbia to 'liberate' and unite Old Serbia with the Principality of Serbia. They also informed representatives of the Great Powers and Emperor of Russia about their demands. In the same year the Committee for the Liberation of Old Serbia and Macedonia was founded. In the 1877 peace after the Serbian-Turkish Wars (1876-1878), the Serbs hoped to gain the Kosovo Vilayet and Sanjak of Novi Pazar to the Lim river. However, with the Treaty of Berlin they received full sovereignty and made territorial gains around this time, acquiring the districts of Niš, Pirot, Vranje and Toplica [sr]. In 1913 the Sandžak, Kosovo and Metohija and Vardar Macedonia became part of the Kingdom of Serbia, and subsequently organized into the province (pokrajina) of South Serbia.

Southern Old Serbia and Macedonia became subject of the Serbian-Bulgarian rivalry at the time of the Macedonian Question. In 1906-1907, Jovan Cvijić claimed in his writings that the Macedonian Slavs were an "amorphous" and "floating mass", and lacked national identity. Looking northern Macedonia as "Old Serbia", he sought to legitimize Serbia's territorial claims. After the conquest of the area, the systematic repression of pro-Bulgarian activists took place.

Legacy

The "Old Serbia" bank opened in Skopje in 1923 to dominate and accelerate the economy of the region.

In Serbian historiography, the First Balkan War (1912-1913) is also known as War for Liberation of Old Serbia.

See also

Notes

a.   Template:Kosovo-note

References

  1. Milovan Radovanović (2004). Etnički i demografski procesi na Kosovu i Metohiji. Liber Press. p. 33.
  2. Dedijer 2000.
  3. Ivo Banač (1988). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0801494932.
  4. Sebright & Irby 1877.
  5. Vladimir Stojančević (1988). Vuk Karadžić i njegovo doba: rasprave i članci. Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva.
  6. Milovan Radovanović (2004). Etnički i demografski procesi na Kosovu i Metohiji. Liber Press. p. 38.
  7. Shinasi A. Rama (2019). Nation Failure, Ethnic Elites, and Balance of Power: The International Administration of Kosova. Springer. p. 76.
  8. Alexandru Madgearu; Martin Gordon (2008). The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins. Scarecrow Press. p. 175.
  9. ^ Mitrović 1996, p. 68.
  10. Dragoslav Srejović; Slavko Gavrilović; Sima M. Ćirković (1983). Istorija srpskog naroda: knj. Od Berlinskog kongresa do Ujedinjenja 1878-1918 (2 v.). Srpska književna zadruga. p. 291. Retrieved 21 May 2013.
  11. ^ Jelavich 1983b, p. 29.
  12. Giuseppe Motta. Dynamics and Policies of Prejudice from the Eighteenth to the Twenty-first Century. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 236–244.
  13. Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume One: National Ideologies and Language Policies. Brill. 2013. p. 315.
  14. Dejan Djokić, Yugoslavism: histories of a failed idea, 1918–1992, p. 123, at Google Books
  15. R. J. Crampton, Eastern Europe in the twentieth century—and after, p. 20, at Google Books
  16. http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?artid=1450-84869901123S. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)

Sources

Bibliography

Further reading

  • Jelavich, Barbara (1983a). History of the Balkans: Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521274586. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Jelavich, Barbara (1983b). History of the Balkans: Twentieth Century. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521274593. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Zarković, V. (2011). "The work of Serbian diplomacy on the protection of Serbs in old Serbia in the last decade of the 19th century" (PDF). Baština (30): 105–116.
  • Raičević, Svetozar (1933). "Etnološke beleške iz Južne Srbije". Narodna Starina. 12 (32): 279–284.
  • Šešum, Uroš S. (2016). "Србија и Стара Србија: (1804-1839)" (Document). Универзитет у Београду, Филозофски факултет.
  • Jagodić, Miloš. "Планови o политици Србије према Старој Србији и Македонији (1878-1885)." Историјски часопис 60 (2011): 435-460.
  • Црквене прилике у Старој Србији од укидања Пећке патријаршије до Велике источне кризе (1766-1878), у: Историја и значај Призренске богословије : (поводом 140 годишњице од оснивања). - Ниш : Филозофски факултет : Призренска богословија Св. Кирила и Методија : Центар за црквене студије, 2013, 9-29.
  • Jagodić, Miloš. "Извештај Василија Ђорђевића о догађајима у Старој Србији из јула 1854." Мешовита грађа 36 (2015): 195-206.
  • NEDELJKOVIĆ, SLAVIŠA. "BETWEEN THE IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT AND REBELS (Old Serbia during the rebellion of the Shkodra Pasha Mustafa Bushati and the Bosnian aristocracy 1830–1832)." ISTRAŽIVANJA, Journal of Historical Researches 26 (2016): 91-105.
  • Šćekić, Radenko, Žarko Leković, and Marijan Premović. "Political Developments and Unrests in Stara Raška (Old Rascia) and Old Herzegovina during Ottoman Rule." Balcanica XLVI (2015): 79-106.

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