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| {{main|Craniofacial Anthropometry}} | |||
| {{disputed}} | |||
| ⚫ | ]]] | ||
| {{unreferenced|date=October 2006}} | |||
| {{main|Races of physical anthropology}} | |||
| ⚫ | ]]] | ||
| The ] term '''Caucasoid''' was used to describe "'''European Continental Ancestry Group'''" while "specific geography if relevant"<ref>National Library of Medicine. European Continental Ancestry Group. 2004. December 10, 2006..</ref> may include this group's few if any descendents in present day "North ] or Southwestern ], including ]."<ref>European Bioinformatics Institute. Description of Ethnic Origin Quantifier. 2006. December 10, 2006. </ref>. Examples of the European Continental Ancestry Group include the ], ], ], ] and other ]s. | |||
| The '''Caucasoid race''' was a term used by some ] to describe "people with historical origins in ], North ] or Southwestern ], including ]."<ref>http://www.ebi.ac.uk/imgt/hla/help/ethnic_help.html</ref> | |||
| The suffix ] indicates "a similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else"<ref>American Heritage Book of English Usage. -oid. 1996. September 14, 2006. |
The suffix ] indicates "a similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else"<ref>American Heritage Book of English Usage. -oid. 1996. September 14, 2006. .</ref>, so Caucasoid means "resembling"<ref>Bartleby.com "-oid". 1994. December 10, 2006. .</ref> the ], itself a term with an inexact definition. | ||
| ==Physical traits== | ==Physical traits== | ||
| The European Continental Ancestry Group<ref>National Library of Medicine. European Continental Ancestry Group. 2004. December 10, 2006..</ref> has diverse traits.<ref>P&G Beauty and Science. The World of Hair. 2003. September 16, 2006. .</ref> | |||
| *'''Southern European''' ''(Mediterranean)'': The Southern European has angular facial forms, varying head shape and brownish coloration.<ref>Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. <.</ref>Southern Europeans live in ], ], ] and other Southern European nations.<ref>Racial Reality. Caucasoid Subraces. 2006. September 16, 2006. .</ref> | |||
| ]'s book "The Races of Europe" (1939) classified Caucasoids into subraces {{fact}}. | |||
| *'''Northern European''' ''(Nordic)'': Nordic individuals are most commonly found in Northern European nations such as ], ], ], the ], ], and the ]. <ref>Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. .</ref> | |||
| *'''Mediterranean (Latin)''': The Mediterranean subrace has been divided into the Mediterranean Proper and the Atlanto-Mediterranean. The Mediterranean varies in skin color from white to chestnut brown with a long linear skull and angular facial forms. They have rounded occiput and large eyes. Their nasal shape is pointed. <ref>Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. <http://www.geocities.com/dienekesp4/europids/>.</ref> The Mediterranean proper are either ] or ]. There racial type ranges from ], ], ] and other borderlands of the Mediterranean sea. The Cappodacian subrace has been absorbed into the Mediterranean, but still is visible in the Oriental Jew. <ref>Racial Reality. Caucasoid Subraces. 2006. September 16, 2006. <http://www.sitesled.com/members/racialreality/subraces.html>.</ref> | |||
| *''' |
*'''Eastern European''' ''(Alpine)'': Eastern Europeans live in the Slavic countries and Russia. They have dark coloration with angular features. <ref>Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. .</ref> | ||
| *'''Dinaric (Adriatic)''': Dinarics includes the populations of eastern Slavic Contries, and ] and former Soviet republics.{{fact}} They have light brown to black hair. They are long in their limbs and face, but have a short skull. Their nasal bridge is high and their nasal profile is triangular. Their subraces include Pandanian and Noric.<ref>Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. <http://www.geocities.com/dienekesp4/europids/>.</ref> | |||
| ==Genetics== | ==Genetics== | ||
| It has recently been demonstrated in several studies that to a large extent, without prior knowledge of individual origins, the geographic ancestries of individuals can be inferred from genetic markers. <ref name="research1"> Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure </ref> | |||
| In one of the most extensive of these studies to date, considering 1,056 individuals from 52 human populations, with each individual genotyped for 377 autosomal microsatellite markers, it's been found that individuals could be partitioned into six main genetic clusters, five of which corresponded to Africa, Europe and the part of Asia south and west of the Himalayas, East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. <ref name="research1"/> | |||
| According to ], these division correspond to "more or less the major races of traditional anthropology". <ref> A Family Tree in Every Gene by Armand Marie Leroi who is an evolutionary developmental biologist at Imperial College in London, is the author of Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body </ref> Races of traditional anthropology include Caucasoid. <ref>NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME CENTER | |||
| HOWARD UNIVERSITY </ref> | |||
| However, Some individuals from boundary locations between these regions were inferred to have partial ancestry in the clusters that corresponded to both sides of the boundary. Also, in many cases, subclusters that corresponded to individual populations or to subsets of populations were also identified. <ref name="research1"/> | |||
| ==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | |||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ==External links== | |||
| * Classification by ]. | |||
| * classificatioin by Renato Biasutti | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Revision as of 19:38, 12 December 2006
Main article: Craniofacial Anthropometry
The anthropometric term Caucasoid was used to describe "European Continental Ancestry Group" while "specific geography if relevant" may include this group's few if any descendents in present day "North Africa or Southwestern Asia, including India.". Examples of the European Continental Ancestry Group include the European people, White Canadian, White African, European American and other white peoples.
The suffix -oid indicates "a similarity, not necessarily exact, to something else", so Caucasoid means "resembling" the Caucasian race, itself a term with an inexact definition.
Physical traits
The European Continental Ancestry Group has diverse traits.
- Southern European (Mediterranean): The Southern European has angular facial forms, varying head shape and brownish coloration.Southern Europeans live in Spain, Portugal, Italy and other Southern European nations.
- Northern European (Nordic): Nordic individuals are most commonly found in Northern European nations such as Scandinavia, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, British Isles, and the Alps.
- Eastern European (Alpine): Eastern Europeans live in the Slavic countries and Russia. They have dark coloration with angular features.
Genetics
It has recently been demonstrated in several studies that to a large extent, without prior knowledge of individual origins, the geographic ancestries of individuals can be inferred from genetic markers.
In one of the most extensive of these studies to date, considering 1,056 individuals from 52 human populations, with each individual genotyped for 377 autosomal microsatellite markers, it's been found that individuals could be partitioned into six main genetic clusters, five of which corresponded to Africa, Europe and the part of Asia south and west of the Himalayas, East Asia, Oceania, and the Americas.
According to Armand Marie Leroi, these division correspond to "more or less the major races of traditional anthropology". Races of traditional anthropology include Caucasoid.
However, Some individuals from boundary locations between these regions were inferred to have partial ancestry in the clusters that corresponded to both sides of the boundary. Also, in many cases, subclusters that corresponded to individual populations or to subsets of populations were also identified.
Footnotes
- National Library of Medicine. European Continental Ancestry Group. 2004. December 10, 2006..
- European Bioinformatics Institute. Description of Ethnic Origin Quantifier. 2006. December 10, 2006.
- American Heritage Book of English Usage. -oid. 1996. September 14, 2006. .
- Bartleby.com "-oid". 1994. December 10, 2006. .
- National Library of Medicine. European Continental Ancestry Group. 2004. December 10, 2006..
- P&G Beauty and Science. The World of Hair. 2003. September 16, 2006. .
- Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. <.
- Racial Reality. Caucasoid Subraces. 2006. September 16, 2006. .
- Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. .
- Biasutti, Renato. Description of Europid Races. 1954. September 14, 2006. .
- ^ Clines, Clusters, and the Effect of Study Design on the Inference of Human Population Structure
- A Family Tree in Every Gene by Armand Marie Leroi who is an evolutionary developmental biologist at Imperial College in London, is the author of Mutants: On Genetic Variety and the Human Body
- NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME CENTER HOWARD UNIVERSITY