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2020 coronavirus outbreak in Iran
Map of provinces with confirmed coronavirus cases
Confirmed 1~9   Confirmed 10~99   Confirmed 100~499   Confirmed 500~999   Confirmed 1000~9999   Confirmed ≥10000
Disease	COVID-19
Virus strain	SARS-CoV-2
Location	Iran
Index case	Qom
Arrival date	19 February 2020 (4 years, 11 months and 4 days)
Confirmed cases	2,336
Recovered	435
Deaths	77
Government website
behdasht.gov.ir

During the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak, Iran reported its first confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections on 19 February 2020 in Qom. As of 3 March 2020, according to Iranian health authorities, there had been 77 COVID-19 deaths in Iran with a total of around 2340 infections. As of the same date, Iran has the highest number of COVID-19 deaths outside China, the highest in Western Asia and the third-highest number of SARS-CoV-2 cases, surpassed by only Mainland China, and South Korea.

In late February 2020, non-Iranian-government sources stated estimates of the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 deaths that were much higher than official values. On 25 February, University of Toronto researchers estimated statistically about 4,000 to 53,000 SARS-CoV-2 infected people in Iran, with 18,000 as the most likely value. Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani claimed on 24 February that the number of COVID-19 deaths was 50 in Qom. BBC Persian estimated on 28 February, from Iranian hospital sources, a total of 210 COVID-19 deaths in Iran. Iranian officials denied Amirabadi's and BBC Persian's estimates. The World Health Organization’s director-general, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, said that "the WHO has its “own mechanism” for checking facts and has not seen problems with Iran’s reported figures".

Multiple senior Iranian officials have been diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 positive: deputy Health Minister Iraj Harirchi, Vice President for Women and Family Affairs Masoumeh Ebtekar, Chairman of Parliament's National Security and Foreign Affairs Committee Mojtaba Zolnour, head of emergency services Pirhossein Kolivand. Iran's first ambassador to the Vatican, Hadi Khosroshahi and Member of Expediency Discernment Council Mohammad Mirmohammadi also died from COVID-19. 23 members of the Iranian Parliament, around 8% of all MPs, were reported to have been infected by 3 March 2020.

Timeline

February 2020

• 19 February: 2 people tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Qom. Later that day, the Ministry of Health and Medical Education stated that both had died.

• 20 February: 3 new cases were reported by the Ministry of Health. Two of them were from the city of Qom and one from Arak.

• 21 February: 13 new cases were reported. Seven cases are from Qom, 4 from Tehran, and 2 from Gilan Province. Two more people in Iran died from COVID-19.

• 22 February: the Persian Ministry of Health reported 10 more infected cases bringing the total to 29 and two more death bringing the total to eight. Eight of the new cases were from the city of Qom and two from Tehran.

• 23 February: the confirmed cases count rose to 43 over four cities and the COVID-19 death toll to eight. Iran's Health Minister Saeed Namaki said that one of those who died was a merchant who traveled regularly between China and Qom.

• 24 February: Iran's Deputy Health Minister, Iraj Harirchi, said that twelve people had died and up to 61 had been infected with the new coronavirus. Parliamentarian Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani's claimed that 50 people had died in Qom from COVID-19, which Harirchi denied. At the press conference, Harirchi coughed and sweated.

• 25 February: Iraj Harirchi tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. A closed parliamentary session including Health Minister Saeed Namaki and Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani was held. Body temperatures were tested prior to the meeting and three members of parliament, including Amirabadi Farahani, were requested to excuse themselves from the session and self-quarantine. All three attended the session. Amirabadi Farahani later spoke with journalists and gave television interviews wearing a mask and pair of gloves. Mahmoud Sadeghi, an MP from Tehran, also tested positive for the virus.

• 26 February: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 44 more new confirmed cases and 4 new deaths.

• 27 February: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 126 more new confirmed cases and 7 new deaths. Iran's Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, Masoumeh Ebtekar, was diagnosed with COVID-19, as well as the Chairman of the Iranian Parliament's National Security and Foreign Affairs Committee, Mojtaba Zolnour. Iran's First Ambassador to the Vatican, Hadi Khosroshahi, died from COVID-19 infection in Qom.

• 28 February: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 143 more new confirmed cases and 8 new deaths.

• 29 February: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 205 more new confirmed cases and 9 new deaths. He also reported that 50 more people have recovered.

March 2020

• 1 March: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 385 more new confirmed cases and 11 new deaths. He also reported that 52 more people have recovered, bringing the total number to 175.

• 2 March: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 523 more new confirmed cases and 12 new deaths. They also reported that 116 more people have recovered, bringing the total number to 291. Mohammad Mirmohammadi, a member of the Expediency Council which advises the Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, was reported to have died of the disease.

• 3 March: Iran's Ministry of Health reported 835 more new confirmed cases and 11 new deaths.

COVID-19 cases by province in February and March 2020

Government response

The Ministry of Islamic Culture and Guidance, announced the cancellation of all concerts and other cultural events for one week. The Ministry of Health and Medical Education also announced the closure of universities, higher educational institutions and schools in several cities and provinces. The Ministry of Sports and Youth took steps to cancel sporting events, including football matches. The Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics created first COVID-19 test kit on 23 February. Management and Planning Organization announced government has allocated 5 trillion rials to combat the virus. President Hassan Rouhani ordered the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development to make decisions about public commuting and the Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade to build the required medical equipment.

President Rouhani, however, said on 26 February 2020 that there are no plans to quarantine areas affected by the outbreak, and only individuals would be quarantined. Nevertheless, Iran's Health Ministry said that Friday prayers will not be held in Tehran and areas affected by the outbreak that week.

On 20 February, according to a letter of Iran's health ministry to the governor of Qom, a request was made to "limit the number of pilgrims at the Shrine to Fatima Masumeh and other religious sites". However, Shia shrines in Qom remained open for pilgrims to congregate. The head of Fatima Masumeh shrine encouraged pilgrims to visit the shrine on 27 February: "We consider this holy shrine to be a place of healing."

The Iranian judiciary spokesman, Gholam Hossein Ismaili said that "he was activating a range of preventive measures including cutting the number of people being sent to jail and allowing some inmates out on temporary early release."

On 26 February, Iranian Cyber Police announced that to stop spreading photos and videos which are untrue and fake on coronavirus, notices were given to 118 people and 24 others were arrested.

Administrative and Recruitment Affairs Organization allowed all executive organizations employees to work from home. Corona National Anti-Virus Headquarters ordered the academic organizations to launch learning management systems.

On 2 March 2020, the government announced plans to mobilise 300,000 soldiers and volunteers to combat the spread of the virus, as well as deploying drones and water cannon to disinfect streets.

International reactions

The fifth batch of testing kits was dispatched to Iran by the World Health Organization on 28 February. The group of Chinese medical experts with a new pack of humanitarian aid enter Iran on 29 February.

As reported by the BBC, while the US sanctions legally allow humanitarian products to be sold to Iran, due to their nature, very few banks are willing to risk sanctions by trading with Iran.

International spread and travel restrictions

On 20 February, a SARS-CoV-2 confirmed case was reported for a woman in her 60s who had arrived in Canada from Iran. On 26 February, her husband, who was also in his 60s, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2.

On 21 February, Lebanon confirmed the first COVID-19 case, a 45-year-old woman travelling from Qom, Iran was admitted to a hospital in Beirut.

On 23 February, Georgia suspended flights to and from Iran. On the same day, Pakistan, Turkey, Afghanistan, and Armenia closed their land borders with Iran. Afghanistan stopped all forms of travel to and from Iran with three suspected cases reported, while Turkey stopped all incoming flights from Iran.

On 24 February, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Tajikistan, and the United Arab Emirates restricted and suspended all flights from and to Iran. Armenia also suspended flights to Iran but scheduled flights to repatriate its citizens from Iran. Neighbouring countries Kuwait, Iraq and Bahrain announced that it recorded their first coronavirus cases from people who came from Iran.

On 25 February, a family of four Iraqis who had returned from Iran was confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases were also reported on the same day for people who had arrived in Afghanistan, Bahrain, Kuwait and Oman from Iran.

On 26 February, Pakistan announced two persons had been diagnosed with COVID-19, one of them known to have visited Iran. Lebanon confirmed that a woman, who returned from Iran and was onboard the same plane as the first patient tested, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Georgia confirmed the first COVID-19 case, a 50-year-old Georgian man who returned from Iran. China confirmed a man in Zhongwei, Ningxia, who returned from Iran, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Kazakhstan announced a plan to stop flights to and from Iran starting 1 March 2020.

On 27 February, Estonia confirmed the first COVID-19 case, an Iranian citizen living in Estonia who returned from Iran. Kuwait confirmed 43 cases of COVID-19, all of them involved people who had travelled to Iran in February. Lebanon, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Spain also confirmed new cases involving individuals with previous travels to Iran. Russia announced that it will limit flights to and from Iran except for those operated by Aeroflot and Mahan Air, and will also stop issuing visas to Iranian citizens starting 28 February 2020.

On 28 February, New Zealand and Belarus reported their first cases of COVID-19, both involving people who had traveled from Iran. Sweden also confirmed new cases involving individuals with previous travels to Iran. In Ningxia, China, another man returning from Iran tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) upgraded the status of Iran to level 3 (avoid non-essential travels due to widespread community transmission). New Zealand announced temporary restrictions on people travelling from Iran. Malaysia set up separate immigration lanes for travellers from countries with major COVID-19 outbreaks including Iran.

On 29 February, Australia announced a ban on foreigners arriving directly from Iran, and required them to stay in a third country for a fortnight before entering Australia. A woman returning from Iran had also tested positive for the virus. Azerbaijan later closed its border with Iran as two Azeri citizens were confirmed to have been infected in Iran. Beijing also confirmed two new cases of infections from Iran, which are related to the previously confirmed case in Zhongwei, Ningxia. In Qatar, the first infection in a citizen evacuated from Iran was reported.

On 1 March 2020, Armenia announced its first case of coronavirus infection, identified in a man who had returned from Iran.

On 2 March 2020, Sweden announced that it had suspended flights operated by Iran Air, the first country to ban flights by the airline.

Non-government estimates

Estimates of the numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 deaths by non-government sources were much higher than official values in late February 2020. University of Toronto researchers estimated statistically on 25 February, based on the spread of SARS-CoV-2 cases from Iran to the UAE, Lebanon and Canada, that the total number of infected people in Iran would have to have been about 4,000 to 53,000, with 18,000 as the most likely value. Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani claimed on 24 February that the number of COVID-19 deaths was 50 in Qom, which the deputy Health Minister denied. BBC Persian Television estimated, from Iranian hospital sources, a total of 210 COVID-19 deaths in Iran on 28 February, which Iranian authorities denied.

Cases

A University of Toronto group of researchers led by Ashleigh Tuite analysed travel statistics from Iran. Based on the known SARS-CoV-2 infections in the UAE, Lebanon and Canada that originated from Iran and assuming that the outbreak had started six weeks earlier in Iran, they estimated on 25 February that about 4,000 to 53,000 (95% confidence interval) Iranians must have been SARS-CoV-2 positive. The authors commented that even by making the optimistic assumption that all cases were detected in all relevant countries, their 95% confidence limit only dropped to 1,800 to 5,300 cases, still well above the official estimate of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases.

Deaths

Member of parliament for Qom Ahmad Amirabadi Farahani claimed on 24 February 2020 that COVID-19 had arrived in Qom three weeks prior, in early February, that the first death had occurred on 13 February but was not announced by officials, and that the true number of COVID-19 deaths in Qom was 50. Deputy health minister Iraj Harirchi denied giving false figures, and stated that the death count was 12 with a total of 66 infections.

On 28 February 2020, BBC Persian Television reported 210 COVID-19 deaths in Iran, citing sources in Iranian hospitals. The Iranian government denied the claim and reiterate the official number at 34, which was one sixth of the BBC's estimate.

Censorship claims

The government of Iran had insisted that there was no COVID-19 in Iran before 19 February 2020 when the first cases were announced. However, a letter claimed to be from the Ministry of Health to the office of the President that circulated on social media suggests that the Iranian authorities were aware of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths many days before the official announcement. Government officials said that the letter was a fake. Another letter also circulated on social media; it was signed by interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli and sent to Health Minister Saeed Namaki to request that the announcement of coronavirus outbreak be delayed until after the parliamentary election to avoid a low turnout of voters. The government has also denied this claim.

As Iran International reported, On 23 February 2020, the head of Qom University of Medical Sciences, referring to the coronavirus censorship statute, said: "The Ministry of Health has ordered that no statistics be disclosed" and added "due to the increase in patients and suspected coroners in the queue." "To the hospital and the city of Qom, it can be said that there is a corona alarm in Qom."

On 24 February, Al Jazeera English attributed public scepticism of government transparency to citizens remembering that the government had denied, for three days in January 2020, having accidentally shot down Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752.

BBC Persian conducted an independent count by asking "Iranian hospitals one by one," finding 210 fatalities on 28 February while the official number for the day was 34, from which the report suggests that "there were several thousand infections either undetected or unacknowledged." Iranian officials have denied the report's accuracy.

See also

• 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak by country and territory
• 2020 coronavirus outbreak in Asia

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External links

• Worldwide Coronavirus Map, confirmed Cases – Map the route paths of coronavirus confirmed cases.