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Marmaduke William Pickthall was born in ], London on 7 April 1875, the elder of the two sons of the Reverend Charles Grayson Pickthall (1822–1881) and his second wife, Mary Hale, ''née'' O'Brien (1836–1904).<ref name="shaheen">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Shaheen|first=Mohammad|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|title=Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Charles was an ] clergyman, the ] of ], a village near ].<ref name="shaheen"/><ref name="murad">{{cite web|last=Murad|first=Abdal Hakim|title=Marmaduke Pickthall: a brief biography|url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMM-AHM-pickthall_bio.htm}}</ref> The Pickthalls traced their ancestry to a knight of ], Sir Roger de Poictu, from whom their surname derives.<ref name="murad"/> Mary, of the Irish ] clan, was the widow of William Hale and the daughter of Admiral Donat Henchy O'Brien, who served in the ].<ref name="murad"/><ref name="fremantle">{{cite book|last=Fremantle|first=Anne|authorlink=Anne Fremantle|title=Loyal Enemy|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84785|year=1938|publisher=Hutchinson & Co.|location=London}}</ref> Pickthall spent the first few years of his life in the countryside, living with several older half-siblings and a younger brother in his father's ] in rural Suffolk.<ref name="muriel">{{cite journal|last=Pickthall|first=Muriel|title=A Great English Muslim|journal=Islamic Culture|year=1937|volume= XI|issue= 1|pages=138–142}}</ref> He was a sickly child. When about six months old, he fell very ill of measles complicated by bronchitis.<ref name="fremantle"/> On the death of his father in 1881 the family moved to London. He attended ] but left after six terms.<ref name="rentfrow">{{cite web|last=Rentfrow|first=Daphnée|title=Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)|url=http://www.modjourn.net/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=mjp.2005.01.029|work=The Modernist Journals Project|access-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306000044/http://www.modjourn.net/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=mjp.2005.01.029|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a schoolboy at Harrow Pickthall was a classmate and friend of ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/05/victorian-muslims-britain-160514100711278.html|title=The Victorian Muslims of Britain|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref> Marmaduke William Pickthall was born in ], London on 7 April 1875, the elder of the two sons of the Reverend Charles Grayson Pickthall (1822–1881) and his second wife, Mary Hale, ''née'' O'Brien (1836–1904).<ref name="shaheen">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Shaheen|first=Mohammad|encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|title=Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> Charles was an ] clergyman, the ] of ], a village near ].<ref name="shaheen"/><ref name="murad">{{cite web|last=Murad|first=Abdal Hakim|title=Marmaduke Pickthall: a brief biography|url=http://www.masud.co.uk/ISLAM/bmh/BMM-AHM-pickthall_bio.htm}}</ref> The Pickthalls traced their ancestry to a knight of ], Sir Roger de Poictu, from whom their surname derives.<ref name="murad"/> Mary, of the Irish ] clan, was the widow of William Hale and the daughter of Admiral Donat Henchy O'Brien, who served in the ].<ref name="murad"/><ref name="fremantle">{{cite book|last=Fremantle|first=Anne|authorlink=Anne Fremantle|title=Loyal Enemy|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.84785|year=1938|publisher=Hutchinson & Co.|location=London}}</ref> Pickthall spent the first few years of his life in the countryside, living with several older half-siblings and a younger brother in his father's ] in rural Suffolk.<ref name="muriel">{{cite journal|last=Pickthall|first=Muriel|title=A Great English Muslim|journal=Islamic Culture|year=1937|volume= XI|issue= 1|pages=138–142}}</ref> He was a sickly child. When about six months old, he fell very ill of measles complicated by bronchitis.<ref name="fremantle"/> On the death of his father in 1881 the family moved to London. He attended ] but left after six terms.<ref name="rentfrow">{{cite web|last=Rentfrow|first=Daphnée|title=Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)|url=http://www.modjourn.net/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=mjp.2005.01.029|work=The Modernist Journals Project|access-date=9 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306000044/http://www.modjourn.net/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=mjp.2005.01.029|archive-date=6 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> As a schoolboy at Harrow Pickthall was a classmate and friend of ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2016/05/victorian-muslims-britain-160514100711278.html|title=The Victorian Muslims of Britain|website=www.aljazeera.com|access-date=2016-06-18}}</ref>
]]] ]]]
Pickthall travelled across many Eastern countries, gaining a reputation as a Middle-Eastern scholar.{{Citation needed|date= August 2012}} Before declaring his faith as a Muslim, Pickthall was a strong ally of the ]. He studied the ], and published articles and novels on the subject. While in the service of the ], Pickthall published his English translation of the ] with the title '']''. The translation was authorized by the ] and the '']'' praised his efforts by writing "noted translator of the glorious Quran into English language, a great literary achievement."<ref name="Hurst">{{cite book|title=America on the Cusp of God's Grace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0jndZXU-34C&.com|publisher=]|pages=155–156|last=Hurst|first=Dennis G|year=2010|accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref> Pickthall travelled across many Eastern countries, gaining a reputation as a Middle-Eastern scholar, at a time when the Institution of the Caliphate had collapsed with the Muslim world failing to find consensus on appointing a successor.<ref> translated by Meeraath</ref> Before declaring his faith as a Muslim, Pickthall was a strong ally of the ]. He studied the ], and published articles and novels on the subject. While in the service of the ], Pickthall published his English translation of the ] with the title '']''. The translation was authorized by the ] and the '']'' praised his efforts by writing "noted translator of the glorious Quran into English language, a great literary achievement."<ref name="Hurst">{{cite book|title=America on the Cusp of God's Grace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p0jndZXU-34C&.com|publisher=]|pages=155–156|last=Hurst|first=Dennis G|year=2010|accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>


When controversy arose in the United Kingdom in 1915 over the ], Pickthall countered it and argued that the blame could not be placed on the Turkish government entirely. At a time when Muslims in London had been co-opted by the ] to provide propaganda services in support of Britain's war against Turkey, {{Dubious|date=January 2020}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} Pickthall's stand was considered courageous given the wartime climate{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}. When British Muslims were asked to decide whether they were loyal to the ] (Britain and France) or the ] (Germany and Turkey), Pickthall said he was ready to be a combatant for his country so long as he did not have to fight the Turks{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}. He was conscripted in the last months of the war and became corporal in charge of an influenza isolation hospital.<ref name="Hurst" /> When controversy arose in the United Kingdom in 1915 over the ], Pickthall countered it and argued that the blame could not be placed on the Turkish government entirely. At a time when Muslims in London had been co-opted by the ] to provide propaganda services in support of Britain's war against Turkey, {{Dubious|date=January 2020}}{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}} Pickthall's stand was considered courageous given the wartime climate{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}. When British Muslims were asked to decide whether they were loyal to the ] (Britain and France) or the ] (Germany and Turkey), Pickthall said he was ready to be a combatant for his country so long as he did not have to fight the Turks{{Citation needed|date=January 2020}}. He was conscripted in the last months of the war and became corporal in charge of an influenza isolation hospital.<ref name="Hurst" />

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Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall
Marmaduke Pickthall Portrait
BornMarmaduke William Pickthall
(1875-04-07)7 April 1875
Cambridge Terrace, London, England
Died19 May 1936(1936-05-19) (aged 61)
Porthminster Hotel, St Ives, Cornwall, England
Resting placeBrookwood Cemetery, Brookwood, Surrey, England
Occupation(s)novelist, Islamic scholar
Known forThe Meaning of the Glorious Koran

Muhammad Marmaduke Pickthall (born Marmaduke William Pickthall; 7 April 1875 – 19 May 1936) was a British Islamic scholar noted for his 1930 English translation of the Quran, called The Meaning of the Glorious Koran. His translation of the Qur'an is one of the most widely known and used in the English-speaking world. A convert from Christianity, Pickthall was a novelist, esteemed by D. H. Lawrence, H. G. Wells, and E. M. Forster, as well as a journalist, headmaster, and political and religious leader. He declared his conversion to Islam in dramatic fashion after delivering a talk on 'Islam and Progress' on 29 November 1917, to the Muslim Literary Society in Notting Hill, West London.

Biography

Marmaduke William Pickthall was born in Cambridge Terrace, London on 7 April 1875, the elder of the two sons of the Reverend Charles Grayson Pickthall (1822–1881) and his second wife, Mary Hale, née O'Brien (1836–1904). Charles was an Anglican clergyman, the rector of Chillesford, a village near Woodbridge, Suffolk. The Pickthalls traced their ancestry to a knight of William the Conqueror, Sir Roger de Poictu, from whom their surname derives. Mary, of the Irish Inchiquin clan, was the widow of William Hale and the daughter of Admiral Donat Henchy O'Brien, who served in the Napoleonic Wars. Pickthall spent the first few years of his life in the countryside, living with several older half-siblings and a younger brother in his father's rectory in rural Suffolk. He was a sickly child. When about six months old, he fell very ill of measles complicated by bronchitis. On the death of his father in 1881 the family moved to London. He attended Harrow School but left after six terms. As a schoolboy at Harrow Pickthall was a classmate and friend of Winston Churchill.

Grave of Marmaduke Pickthall in Brookwood Cemetery

Pickthall travelled across many Eastern countries, gaining a reputation as a Middle-Eastern scholar, at a time when the Institution of the Caliphate had collapsed with the Muslim world failing to find consensus on appointing a successor. Before declaring his faith as a Muslim, Pickthall was a strong ally of the Ottoman Empire. He studied the Orient, and published articles and novels on the subject. While in the service of the Nizam of Hyderabad, Pickthall published his English translation of the Qur'an with the title The Meaning of the Glorious Koran. The translation was authorized by the Al-Azhar University and the Times Literary Supplement praised his efforts by writing "noted translator of the glorious Quran into English language, a great literary achievement."

When controversy arose in the United Kingdom in 1915 over the massacres of Armenians, Pickthall countered it and argued that the blame could not be placed on the Turkish government entirely. At a time when Muslims in London had been co-opted by the Foreign Office to provide propaganda services in support of Britain's war against Turkey, Pickthall's stand was considered courageous given the wartime climate. When British Muslims were asked to decide whether they were loyal to the Allies (Britain and France) or the Central Powers (Germany and Turkey), Pickthall said he was ready to be a combatant for his country so long as he did not have to fight the Turks. He was conscripted in the last months of the war and became corporal in charge of an influenza isolation hospital.

Pickthall who identified himself as a, "Sunni Muslim of the Hanafi school", was active as "a natural leader" within a number of Islamic Organizations. He preached Friday sermons in both the Woking Mosque and in London. Some of his khutbas (sermons) were subsequently published. For a year he ran the Islamic Information Bureau in London, which issued a weekly paper, The Muslim Outlook. Pickthall and Quran translator Yusuf Ali were trustees of both the Shah Jehan Mosque in Woking and the East London Mosque.

In 1920 he went to India with his wife to serve as editor of the Bombay Chronicle, returning to England only in 1935, a year before his death at St Ives, Cornwall. It was in India that he completed his translation, The Meaning of the Glorious Koran.

Pickthall was buried in the Muslim section at Brookwood Cemetery in Surrey, England, where Abdullah Yusuf Ali was later buried.

Written works

Before conversion

  1. All Fools – being the Story of Some Very Young Men and a Girl (1900)
  2. Saïd the Fisherman (1903)
  3. Enid (1904)
  4. Brendle (1905)
  5. The House of Islam (1906)
  6. The Myopes (1907)
  7. Children of the Nile (short story collection) (1908)
  8. 'The Valley of the Kings (1909)
  9. Pot au Feu (1911)
  10. Larkmeadow (1912)
  11. The House of War (1913)
  12. Veiled Women (1913)
  13. With the Turk in Wartime (1914)
  14. Tales from Five Chimneys (1915)
  15. Knights of Araby - the story of Yemen in the 5TH Islamic Century (1917)

After conversion

  1. Oriental Encounters – Palestine and Syria (1918)
  2. Sir Limpidus (1919)
  3. The Early Hours (1921)
  4. As others See us (1922)
  5. The Cultural Side of Islam (1927)
  6. The Meaning of the Glorious Koran: An Explanatory Translation (1930)

As editor

  • Folklore of the Holy Land – Muslim, Christian, and Jewish (1907) (E H Hanauer)
  • Islamic Culture (19??) (Magazine)

See also

References

  1. ^ "Marmaduke Pickthall - a brief biography". British Muslim Heritage. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  2. ^ Shaheen, Mohammad. "Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ Murad, Abdal Hakim. "Marmaduke Pickthall: a brief biography".
  4. ^ Fremantle, Anne (1938). Loyal Enemy. London: Hutchinson & Co.
  5. Pickthall, Muriel (1937). "A Great English Muslim". Islamic Culture. XI (1): 138–142.
  6. Rentfrow, Daphnée. "Pickthall, Marmaduke William (1875–1936)". The Modernist Journals Project. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
  7. ^ "The Victorian Muslims of Britain". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 18 June 2016.
  8. GRAND MEETING REGARDING THE COLLAPSE OF KHILAFAH translated by Meeraath
  9. ^ Hurst, Dennis G (2010). America on the Cusp of God's Grace. IUniverse. pp. 155–156. Retrieved 7 September 2013.
  10. Sherif, M A (2011). "Brave Hearts: Pickthall and Philby: Two English Muslims in a Changing World". Islamic Book Trust. p. 28. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  11. Khizar Humayun Ansari, ‘Ali, Abdullah Yusuf (1872–1953)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oct 2012; online edn, Jan 2013 accessed 6 February 2020
  12. "East London Mosque - London Muslim Centre". East London Mosque. Retrieved 6 February 2020.
  13. "Review: Pot an Feu by Marmaduke Pickthall". The Athenæum (no. 4350): 274. 11 March 1911. {{cite journal}}: |number= has extra text (help)

Further reading

  • Obituary in The Times, Wednesday 20 May 1936, Page 18, Issue 47379.

External links

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