Misplaced Pages

Turkic history

Article snapshot taken from[REDACTED] with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by HistoryofIran (talk | contribs) at 18:18, 26 July 2022 (rv, pov pushing). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 18:18, 26 July 2022 by HistoryofIran (talk | contribs) (rv, pov pushing)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) History of the Turkic peoples
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages)
The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Turkic history" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Accuracy disputeThis article appears to contradict the article Xiongnu. Please discuss at the talk page and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved. (March 2022)
Accuracy disputeThis article appears to contradict the article Turkic peoples. Please discuss at the talk page and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved. (March 2022)
page is in the middle of an expansion or major revampingThis article or section is in a state of significant expansion or restructuring, and is not yet ready for use. You are welcome to assist in its construction by editing it as well. If this article or section has not been edited in several days, please remove this template.
If you are the editor who added this template and you are actively editing, please be sure to replace this template with {{in use}} during the active editing session. Click on the link for template parameters to use. This article was last edited by HistoryofIran (talk | contribs) 2 years ago. (Update timer)
(Learn how and when to remove this message)

Turkic history is the history of Turkic peoples. The Göktürks were the first state established under the name of Turk.

Origins

Turks were an important political identity of Eurasia. They first appeared at Inner Eurasian steppes and migrated to many various regions (such as Central Asia, West Asia, Siberia, and Eastern Europe.) and participated in many local civilizations there. It is not yet known when, where, and how the Turks formed as a population identity. However, its predicted that Proto-Turkic populations have inhabited regions that they could have the lifestyle of Eurasian equestrian pastoral nomadic culture.

Türk was first used as a political identity in history during the Göktürk Khaganate period. The old Turkic script was invented by Göktürks as well. The ruling Ashina clan origins are disputed.

Shoroon Bumbagar tomb mural, Göktürk, 7th century CE, Mongolia.

Although there are debates about its inception, the history of the Turks is an important part of world history. The history of all people that emerged in Eurasia and North Africa has been affected by the movements of the Turks to some degree. Turks also played an important role in bringing Eastern cultures to the West and Western cultures to the East. Their own religion became the pioneer and defender of the foreign religions they adopted after Tengrism, and they helped their spread and development (Mani religion, Judaism, Buddhism, Orthodox, Nestorian Christianity and Islam).

The beginning of Turkic history

3rd century BC

Map of Asia, 200 BC

2nd century BC

Map of Asia, 100 BC

1st century BC

Map of the Afro-Eurasia, 50 BC

1st century

2nd century

3rd century

4th century

5th century

Middle Ages/Turks

6th century

Map of the Asia, 565 AD


Map of the Asia, 600 AD

7th century

Central Asia

Eastern Europe

8th century

Central Asia

Replica of Bilge Khagan's memorial complex in Turkey.


Eastern Europe


9th century

Map of the Khazar Khanate at its greatest extent.
Colour photograph of a reconstruction of the Lamellenhelm from Niederstotzingen
Reconstruction of a lamellar helmet that is being considered as an Avar lamellar helmet from Niederstotzingen, Dated 560-600 AD.

Central Asia

Eastern Europe

Asia and Africa

10th century

Central Asia

Eastern Europe

Asia and Africa

11th century

Ghaznavid Empire at its greatest extent in 1030 CE under Mahmud.
Mahmud of Ghazni and his court.
Map of the Great Seljuk Empire during its greatest extent under the reign of Malik Shah I.

Central Asia

Eastern Europe

Asia

South Asia

12th century

Asia

Iran and Central Asia

South Asia

Eastern Europe

13th century

Spread of the Mongol Empire in the 13th century
Statue of Kayqubad I in Alanya, Turkey

Asia and the Middle East

Central Asia

South Asia

The Chagatai Khanate has been completely Turkified since 1350.

14th century

15th century

Asia

Central Asia

South Asia

  • 1414-1517: Delhi Sultanate's Turkic dynasty Iranianized

Eastern Europe

New Age

Map of Ottomans at 16th century

16th century

Eastern Europe

Central Asia

Asia

South Asia

Africa

17th century

Eastern Europe

Asia

Central Asia

South Asia

18th century

A contemporary court portrait of Nader Shah, a member of the Turkic Afshar tribe, who established Afsharid Iran.

Eastern Europe

Asia

Central Asia

Africa

19th century

Eastern Europe

Central Asia

South Asia

Africa

20th century

21st century

Books

A miniature showing the march of Suleiman the Magnificent to Nakhchivan.

Notes

  1. Shiwei were stated in most Chinese sources (e.g. Weishu 100, Suishu 84, Jiu Tangshu 199) to be relatives to para-Mongolic-speaking Khitans; the sub-tribe Mengwu Shiwei 蒙兀室韋 were identitied as ancestors and namesakes of the Mongols
  2. Curta states "The Cumans defeated Sviatopolk II, grand prince of Kiev in 1093 and took Torchesk."

Turkish books

  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Türk Millî Kültürü, Ankara, 1983.
  • Zeki. Velidi Togan, Umumi Türk Tarihine Giriş, İstanbul, 1970.
  • Faruk Sümer, Oğuzlar, İstanbul, 1980.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, İslamiyetten Önce Türk Kültür Tarihi, Ankara, 1962.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Kültür Tarihine Giriş, İstanbul, 1978.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Büyük Hun İmparatorluğu Tarihi, Ankara, 1981.
  • Çeçen Anıl, Tarihte Türk Devletleri, İstanbul, 1986.
  • O. Esad Arseven, Türk Sanat Tarihi, İstanbul, 1955.
  • Muharrem Ergin, Orhun Abideleri, İstanbul, 1977.
  • Erol Güngör, Tarihte Türkler, İstanbul, 1989.
  • Abdülkadir İnan, Eski Türk Dini Tarihi, İstanbul, 1976.
  • A. Nimet Kurat, Karadeniz Kuzeyindeki Türk Kavimleri ve Devletleri, Ankara, 1972.
  • Hüseyin Namık Orkun, Eski Türk Yazıtları, İstanbul, 1986.
  • Hüseyin Namık Orkun, Türk Tarihi, Ankara, 1946.
  • Osman Turan, Türk Cihan Hakimiyeti Mefrukesi Tarihi, İstanbul, 1978.
  • Bahaeddin Ögel, Türk Mitolojisi, Ankara, 1971.
  • Yusuf Hikmet Bayur, Hindistan Tarihi, Ankara, 1946.
  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Selçuklu Tarihi, İstanbul, 1972.
  • İbrahim Kafesoğlu, Harzemşahlar Devleti Tarihi, Ankara, 1956.
  • M. Altay Köymen, Büyük Selçuklu İmparatorluğu Tarihi, Ankara, 1954.
  • Çağatay Uluçay, İlk Müslüman Türk Devletleri, İstanbul, 1977.
  • Faruk Sümer, Karakoyunlular, Ankara, 1984.
  • A.N. Kurat, Peçenek Tarihi, İstanbul, 1937.
  • B. Yenilmez, Yenilmez, Rize, 2002.

English and foreign books

  • R. Grousset, L'Empire des steppes, Paris, 1960 (Türkçe çevirisi: Reşat Uzmen-Bozkır İmparatorluğu, 1996.)
  • DE. Guignes, Histoire generale des Huns des Turcs et des Mongols, Paris, 1756.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Historie des Turcs, 1984.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Timur, 1994.
  • Fayard Paris, Historie des Turcs, 1984.
  • D.Sinor, Aspects of Altaic Civilization, 1963.
  • M. Barthold, Turkestan down to the Mongol Invansıon, Londra, 1968.
  • E. Berl, Historie de l'Europe d'Attila a Tamerlan, Paris, 1946.
  • M.A. Czaplıcka, The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day, Oxford, 1918.
  • W. Eberhard, Kultur und Siedlung der Randvölker China, 1942.
  • L. Hambis, La Haute-Asie, Paris, 1953.
  • Hammer-Purgstall, Von, Historie de l'Empire ottoman depuis son origine jusqu!a nos jours, Paris, 1835.
  • H.H. Howorth, History of the Mongols, Londra, 1876.
  • Jean-Paul Roux, Türklerin Tarihi - Pasifikten Akdenize 2000 Yıl, 2004

See also

References

  1. Johanson, Lars, ed. (2021), "Historical Backgrounds", Turkic, Cambridge Language Surveys, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 114–142, ISBN 978-0-521-86535-7, retrieved 2022-07-16
  2. West, Barbara A. (19 May 2010). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania. Infobase Publishing. p. 829. ISBN 978-1-4381-1913-7. The first people to use the ethnonym Turk to refer to themselves were the Turuk people of the Gokturk Khanate in the mid sixth-century
  3. Sigfried J. de Laet, Joachim Herrmann, (1996), History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D., p. 478
  4. Christian 1998, p. 249.
  5. Sima Qian Records of the Grand Historian Vol. 110 "後北服渾庾、屈射、丁零、鬲昆、薪犁之國。…… 是時漢初定中國，……。" translation: "Later in the North subdued the Hunyu, Qushe, Dingling, Gekun, and Xinli. It was when the Han had just stabilized the Central Region, . "
  6. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The Name of the Kirghiz." Central Asiatic Journal 34, no. 1/2 (1990). p. 99
  7. Pulleyblank, "Central Asia and Non-Chinese Peoples of Ancient China", p. VII 21-26.
  8. Duan, "Dingling, Gaoju and Tiele", p. 370.
  9. Hyun Jin Kim: The Huns, Rome and the Birth of Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2013. pp.175-176.
  10. Peter B. Golden: Some Thoughts on the Origins of the Turks and the Shaping of the Turkic Peoples in Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World. Ed. Victor H. Mair. University of Hawaii Press, 2006. p.140
  11. Xu (2005) p. 175-176, 184
  12. Xin Tangshu vol. 219 "Shiwei" txt: "室韋, 契丹别種, 東胡之北邊, 蓋丁零苗裔也" translation by Xu (2005:176) "The Shiwei, who were a collateral branch of the Khitan inhabited the northern boundary of the Donghu, were probably the descendants of the Dingling ... Their language was the same as that of the Mohe."
  13. Xu Elina-Qian, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, University of Helsinki, 2005. p. 176. quote: "The Mohe were descendants of the Sushen and ancestors of the Jurchen, and identified as Tungus speakers."
  14. Werner, Heinrich Zur jenissejisch-indianischen Urverwandtschaft. Harrassowitz Verlag. 2004 abstract. p. 25
  15. "Geçmişten Günümüze Türk Tarihi". Story And History (in Turkish). 18 December 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  16. Kubik, Adam (2008). "The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets, Historia i Świat nr 7/2018, 141-156". Histïria I Swiat. 7: 151.
  17. Curta 2019, p. 176.
  18. Guimon 2021, p. 362.

Sources

Category:
Turkic history Add topic