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Scandinavia
Photo of the Fennoscandian Peninsula and Denmark, as well as other areas surrounding the Baltic Sea, in March 2002
Languages	List of languages Official languages Swedish Danish Norwegian Sometimes also: Finnish Icelandic Faroese Recognized minority languages Meänkieli, Karelian, Kven German Romani, Scandoromani Sámi languages (official in Sámi administrative areas) Yiddish
Demonym(s)	Scandinavian
Composition	Denmark  Norway  Sweden Sometimes also:  Åland  Faroe Islands  Finland  Iceland Nordic territories that are not part of Scandinavia:  Bouvet Island  Greenland  Jan Mayen  Svalbard
Internet TLD	.dk, .no, .se .ax, .fi, .fo, .is

Part of a series on
Scandinavia
Countries Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden
HistoryHistory by country Åland Denmark Faroe Islands Finland Greenland Iceland Norway Scotland Sweden Chronological history Prehistory Stone Age Bronze Age Iron Age Migration Period Viking Age Norsemen Christianization Kalmar Union Sweden Denmark–Norway Sweden–Norway Denmark–Iceland Nordic Council
Geography Mountains Peninsula Baltic Sea North Sea
Economy Nordic model Finland Sweden
Related Languages Scandinavism Nordic countries Monetary Union Defence Union Scandinavian Airlines
Denmark Faroe Islands Finland Iceland Norway Sweden
v t e

Scandinavia is a country

Further reading

Historical

• Aatsinki, Ulla; Annola, Johanna; Kaarninen, Mervi, eds. (2019). Families, values, and the transfer of knowledge in Northern societies, 1500-2000. Routledge studies in cultural history. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-367-07757-0.
• Barton, H. Arnold (1986). Scandinavia in the Revolutionary era, 1760-1815. The Nordic series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1392-2.
• Bendixsen, Synnøve; Bringslid, Mary Bente; Vike, Halvard, eds. (2017). Egalitarianism in Scandinavia: historical and contemporary approaches. Approaches to social inequality and difference. New York, NY: Springer International. ISBN 978-3-319-59790-4.
• Derry, T. K. (1979). A history of Scandinavia: Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, and Iceland. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-0835-5.
• Fulsås, Narve; Rem, Tore (2018). Ibsen, Scandinavia and the making of a world drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-18777-1.
• Glørstad, Zanette Tsigaridas; Loftsgarden, Kjetil, eds. (2017). Viking-age transformations: trade, craft and resources in western Scandinavia. Culture, Environment and Adaption in the North. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-4724-7077-5.
• Gron, Kurt J.; Sørensen, Lasse (August 2018). "Cultural and economic negotiation: a new perspective on the Neolithic Transition of Southern Scandinavia". Antiquity. 92 (364): 958–974. doi:10.15184/aqy.2018.71. ISSN 0003-598X.
• Helle, Knut, ed. (2003). The Cambridge history of Scandinavia. Vol. 1: Prehistory to 1520. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47299-9.
• Mikkelsen, Flemming; Kjeldstadli, Knut; Nyzell, Stefan, eds. (2018). Popular struggle and democracy in Scandinavia: 1700-present. Palgrave studies in European political sociology. London: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-1-137-57855-6.
• Nissen, Henrik S.; Petersen, Thomas Munch-, eds. (1983). Scandinavia during the Second World War. The Nordic series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1110-2.
• Nordstrom, Byron J. (2023). Scandinavia since 1500 (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-5179-0931-4.
• Östling, Johan; Olsen, Niklas; Heidenblad, David Larsson, eds. (2020). Histories of knowledge in postwar Scandinavia: actors, arenas, and aspirations. Knowledge societies in history. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-367-89455-9.
• Pulsiano, Phillip; Wolf, Kirsten, eds. (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: an encyclopedia. Garland reference library of the humanities ; Garland encyclopedias of the Middle Ages. New York: Garland Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8240-4787-0.
• Raffield, Ben; Price, Neil; Collard, Mark (January 2019). "Religious belief and cooperation: a view from Viking-Age Scandinavia" (PDF). Religion, Brain & Behavior. 9 (1): 2–22. doi:10.1080/2153599X.2017.1395764. ISSN 2153-599X.
• Rom-Jensen, Byron (August 2017). "A Model of Social Security?: The political usage of Scandinavia in Roosevelt's New Deal". Scandinavian Journal of History. 42 (4): 363–388. doi:10.1080/03468755.2017.1336598. ISSN 0346-8755.
• Salmon, Patrick (1997). Scandinavia and the great powers, 1890-1940. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-41161-5.
• Sanders, Ruth H. (2017). The languages of Scandinavia: seven sisters of the North. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-49389-3.
• Sawyer, Birgit (1993). Medieval Scandinavia: from conversion to Reformation, circa 800-1500. The Nordic series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-1738-8.
• Sawyer, P. H. (1982). Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe, A.D. 700-1100. London ; New York: Methuen Publishing. ISBN 978-0-416-74180-3.
• Sigurðsson, Jón Viðar; Kveiland, Thea (2021). Scandinavia in the age of Vikings. Translated by Kveiland, Thea. Ithaca ; London: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-1-5017-6049-5.
• Foote, Peter; Wilson, David M. (1970). The Viking achievement: the society and culture of early medieval Scandinavia. Great civilizations series. London: Sidgwick & Jackson. ISBN 978-0-283-35499-1.
• Winroth, Anders (2016). The age of the Vikings. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-16929-3.
• Winroth, Anders (2012). The conversion of Scandinavia: vikings, merchants, and missionaries in the remaking of Northern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-17026-9.

Recent

• Goul Andersen, Jørgen; Hoff, Jens (2001). Democracy and citizenship in Scandinavia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-67436-9.
• Bendixsen, Synnøve K. N.; Bringslid, Mary Bente; Vike, Halvard (2018). Egalitarianism in Scandinavia: historical and contemporary perspectives. Approaches to social inequality and difference. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-319-59790-4.
• Gallie, Duncan (February 2003). "The Quality of Working Life: Is Scandinavia Different?". European Sociological Review. 19 (1): 61–79. doi:10.1093/esr/19.1.61. ISSN 0266-7215. JSTOR 3559475.
• Green, Ken; Sigurjónsson, Thorsteinn; Skille, Eivind Å, eds. (2019). Sport in Scandinavia and the Nordic countries. London ; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-68458-3.
• Hilson, Mary (2008). The nordic model: Scandinavia since 1945. Contemporary worlds. London: Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-86189-366-6.
• Ingebritsen, Christine (2006). Scandinavia in world politics. Europe today. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7425-0966-5.
• Kröger, Teppo (1997). "Local government in Scandinavia: autonomous or integrated into the welfare state?". In Sipilä, Jorma (ed.). Social care services: the key to the Scandinavian welfare model. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury. pp. 95–108. ISBN 978-1-85972-403-3.
• Lappi-Seppälä, Tapio (January 2007). "Penal Policy in Scandinavia". Crime and Justice. 36 (1): 217–295. doi:10.1086/592812. ISSN 0192-3234. JSTOR 10.1086/592812.
• Nestingen, Andrew K. (2008). Crime and fantasy in Scandinavia: fiction, film, and social change. New directions in Scandinavian studies. Seattle : Copenhagen: University of Washington Press. ISBN 978-0-295-98803-0. OCLC 175218158.
• Rogerson, Richard (July 2007). "Taxation and market work: is Scandinavia an outlier?" (PDF). Economic Theory. 32 (1): 59–85. doi:10.1007/s00199-006-0164-9. ISSN 0938-2259.
• Strand, Robert; Freeman, R. Edward; Hockerts, Kai (March 2015). "Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainability in Scandinavia: An Overview". Journal of Business Ethics. 127 (1): 1–15. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2224-6. ISSN 0167-4544.

External links

• "Scandinavia: Official Website of the Scandinavian Tourist Boards in North America". Scandinavian Tourist Boards in North America, Globescope Internet Services, Inc. 2005. Archived from the original on 4 June 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2008.
• Nordic Council – official site for co-operation in the Nordic region
• Nordregio – site established by the Nordic Council of Ministers
• vifanord – a digital library that provides scientific information on the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as the Baltic region as a whole (archived)
• Expat Scandinavia – site with useful information for expats in Scandinavia

v t e Timeline of the history of Scandinavia

1. "Languages". Nordic Cooperation. Archived from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
2. Landes, David (1 July 2009). "Swedish becomes official 'main language'". The Local (Se). Archived from the original on 24 February 2021. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
3. "Samisk". Språkrådet. Archived from the original on 21 November 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
4. Cite error: The named reference OEDdef was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
5. "Scandinavia". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 28 October 2009. Scandinavia, historically Scandia, part of Northern Europe, generally held to consist of the two countries of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Norway and Sweden, with the addition of Denmark. Some authorities argue for the inclusion of Finland on geologic and economic grounds and of Iceland and the Faroe Islands on the grounds that their inhabitants speak Scandinavian languages related to those of Norway and Sweden and also have similar cultures.

• Scandinavia
• Geography of Europe
• Regions of Europe