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| Sayyid Lashkar Khan | |
|---|---|
| 6th Prime Minister of Hyderabad Subahdar of Berar and Aurangabad Faujdar of Attock | |
| Rukn-ud-daulah رکن الدوله Vazir-ul-mulk Vakil-ul-Mutlaq Madar-ul-Muham Diwan Musafir Khan Nasir Jung II | |
| In office 1752 A.D. – 1755 A.D. | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Bahadur |
| Nizam | Salabat Jung |
| Preceded by | Raja Raghu Nath Das |
| Succeeded by | Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan |
| Subahdar of Berar and Aurangabad | |
| Preceded by | Sharif Shuja'at Khan |
| Succeeded by | Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mir Ismail Khan ? Sirpul;Balkh |
| Died | 1757 A.D. Daulatabad Fort Hyderabad State |
| Relatives | Ra'afat-ud-daulah Bahadur Zorawar Jung |
| Profession | Prime Minister of Hyderabad State or Vazir of Deccan Subahdar of Berar and Aurangabad |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Mughal Empire Hyderabad State |
| Years of service | 27 years (1730-1757 A.D.)
|
Sayyid Lashkar Khan-Nasir Jung II, also known as Mir Isma'il (died 1757), was a diplomat who served as the Prime Minister of Hyderabad State under the rule of Salabat Jung. He held the title of Diwan and was noted for his expertise in warfare tactics. Prior to his tenure in Hyderabad, Lashkar Khan also worked under the Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah. His career spanned both Mughal and Nizam territories, showcasing his diplomatic skills and strategic acumen. Lashkar Khan played a significant role in the political landscape of his time, contributing to the administration and governance of Hyderabad State.
Early Life
Mir Isma'il hailed from Sirpul near Balkh and his lineage can be traced back to Mir Saiyid Ali Divanah, a revered figure whose shrine in a village in Punjab is highly venerated. Mir Saiyid Ali Divanah was a descendant of Shah Ni'mat Ullah Vali. Raised by his uncle Saiyid Hashim Khan after the passing of his father at a young age, Mir Isma'il entered the ranks of the 'Ser Servants of the Special Brotherhood', a group associated with the Mughal Mansabdars. He was honored with the title of Musafir Khan.
During the early years of Muhammad Shah's reign, Mir Isma'il distinguished himself in battle alongside Nizam-ul-Mulk against Alam Ali Khan, demonstrating exceptional courage and emerging victorious in combat. Nizam-ul-Mulk later commended his bravery to the King, leading to Mir Isma'il's appointment as the faujdar of Attock.
Career
Following his resignation from the position of faujdar of Attock, Mir Isma'il journeyed to the Deccan to join Nizam-ul-Mulk, being appointed as the Bakhshi of Sayar Sarkar and receiving the title of Saiyid Lashkar Khan. He was tasked with settling disputes in Rajbandari in Farkhundabunyad, a region in Hyderabad.
Subsequently, Mir Isma'il served as the governor of Aurangabad before accompanying Nizam-ul-Mulk to Upper India where he played a role in the events surrounding Nader Shah's invasion of India.
Under Nasir Jung Against Marathas
During the upheaval involving Baji Rao I, the general of Raja Shahu Bhonsle, in the Deccan which resulted in a confrontation with Nasir Jung, and the subsequent demise of Baji Rao, Ismail was called upon by Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahadur to offer condolences to the deceased general's brother and son, thereby fostering harmonious relations. He later accompanied Nizam-ul-Mulk to Upper India and returned to the Deccan in 1153 A.H.
Following the passing of Nasir-ud-Daula, Ismail was appointed as the Deputy Governor of Aurangabad, holding a rank of 4,000 with 2,000 horse and bestowed the title of Bahadur along with a flag and a drum. During Nasir Jung's reign, he was honored with the title of 'Nasir Jang'. Subsequently, he was briefly relieved of his duties as Governor of Aurangabad before being reinstated following the battle of Pondicherry.
Upon Nasir Jung's progress towards the South, he issued instructions for all Mughal tributaries and dependents in the Carnatic region to unite under his banner. Notables who swiftly allied with him upon his arrival in the Carnatic included Murari Rao Ghorpade, the Raja of Mysore, the Nabobs of Cuddapah, Kurnool, and Savanoor, Muhammad Ali of Arcot, and the English at Fort St. David.
After receiving a grant from Muhammad Ali for the territories of San Thome, Trivendipuram, and Poonamalli, the English consented to back Nasir Jung in his military campaign.
Before their arrival, Nasir Jung had directed the Pathan Nawabs of Cuddapah and Kurnool, along with Sayyid Lashkar Khan, to capture Adoni and Rayachoti, which were under the control of the Subah of Muzaffar Jung. Sayyid Lashkar Khan managed to capture Rayachoti and hoisted the Nizam's flag in the area.
Rebellion of Nasir Jung
During the rebellion led by Nasir Jung against Nizam ul Mulk Asaf Jah I, with the assistance of his uncle Muzaffar Jung, Nasir Jung attempted to seize power but was ultimately defeated by his father at the Eid Gah Maidan in Aurangabad on 23rd July 1741. Shah Nawaz Khan had supported Nasir Jung in this rebellion, while Sayyid Lashkar Khan fought on the side of Nizam ul Mulk Asaf Jah I. Nasir Jung sustained severe wounds during the battle. When the driver of his own elephant was killed, Nasir Jung bravely took his place. At one point, his brother-in-law, Mutawassil Khan, aimed an arrow at Nasir Jung, but his son Hidayat Moideen Khan, who was also on the elephant, intervened, saving his uncle's life. Sayyid Lashkar Khan, an experienced officer who knew Nasir Jung well, demonstrated respect and courtesy by saluting him and offering him a seat on his own elephant. Touched by this gesture, Nasir Jung accepted and was subsequently taken as a prisoner to Aurangabad.
Appointment as Bakshi of Bidar
Rustam Beg Khan was moved from the post of the Bakshi of Mahur sarkar to commanding the military forces (faujdari) in the same area. On the other hand, Saiyid Lashkar Khan was shifted from leading the military(faujdari) to managing the administrative affairs in sair and later was promoted to the position of Bakshi of Bidar.
Titles Given to Him
- Nasir Jung
Sayyid Lashkar Khan was given the title of Nasir Jung and was appointed as the commander-in-Chief of the armies. Qazi Muhammad Dayam was appointed Faujdar of Baklaua. Sayyid Sharif Khan, Subedar of Berar was given the title of Shujaat Jang.
- Vakil-ul-Mutlaq
- Rukn-ud-daulah
- Madar-ul-Maham
After the assassination of Raja Raghunath Das, Salabat Jung designated Saiyid Lashkar Khan as Vakil-i-Mutlaq and Madar-ul-Muham, bestowing upon him the title of 'Ruknud Daula'. The latter then assigned Allah Yar Beg Qalmaw the role of 'Bahadur Dil Khan' and placed him in charge of revenue management.
Military Career
Capture of Avandha Fort
Sayyid Lashkar Khan, a distinguished commander, was poised for the capture of Avandha Fort in Konkan. The strategic preparations orchestrated by Said Lashkar Khan for the siege of Avadha Fort were relayed to the Peshwa by Malhar Dadaji. Furthermore, Raghunath Ganesh informed the Peshwa about Sayyid Lashkar Khan's military movements towards Avandha Fort and the Nizam-ul-mulk's departure towards Dharur. As the deputy of the Marathas, Raghunath Ganesh provided intelligence to Shahuji indicating that the Nizam was indisposed in Hyderabad, his troops had successfully taken control of Avandha Fort, and his emissaries had been dispatched to Surat, although the purpose of their mission remained undisclosed. Malhar Dadaji made a valiant attempt to defend against the forces of Sayyid Lashkar Khan, however, proved unable to withstand the onslaught and consequently surrendered the Avandha Fort to him. Subsequently, Malhar Dadaji (Barve) relayed the news of the conquest of Avandha Fort by Sayyid Lashkar Khan to the Peshwa.
As the Prime Minister of Hyderabad
The French intervention in Hyderabad's affairs was met with disapproval by numerous individuals within Salabat Jung's court, who were eager to liberate the Nizam from this foreign domination. Leading the charge against the French influence in the Deccan was Sayyid Lashkar Khan, the Diwan. As a long-standing and reliable confidant of Nizamu'l Mulk, Sayyid Lashkar Khan consistently opposed foreign interference in the internal matters of the Hyderabad State, establishing himself as a prominent advocate for safeguarding the region's autonomy.
His Decisions and Dismissal
In January 1753, Bussy fell ill and had to leave his position, ending his dispute with Dupleix. Recognizing mismanagement by Goupil, whom he had left in charge, and threats posed by Sayyid Lashkar Khan to the French interests, Bussy felt compelled to protect his accomplishments. Upon his return to Hyderabad, he warned of forging an alliance with the Marathas unless the four Circars of Rajahmundry, Ellore, Chicacole, and Mustafanagar were ceded to France, aiming to generate revenue for restoring control over his army and the Deccan.
Bussy successfully had Lashkar Khan replaced by Shah Nawaz Khan, an advocate for the French cause, and appointed loyal governors to key posts. Lashkar Khan's triumph over Raghuji Bhonsle in April 1754 near Nagpur in Berar bolstered his influence in Hyderabad and underscored his value to Salabat Jung.
Death
After Bussy's departure to the Sarkars, Salabat Jung left Hyderabad on December 17 and arrived in Aurangabad on May 8, 1757. During this time, Sayyid Lashkar Khan, the former Diwan, passed away due to natural causes in the fortress of Daulatabad.
Shah Nawaz Khan, who had an interest in acquiring wealth from Daulatabad, seized the opportunity upon hearing of Sayyid Lashkar Khan's death. He took control of the Treasury of Daulatabad and appointed his own son as the Qiledar of the fort, contrary to Salabat Jung's intentions.
See Also
References
- ^ Regani, Sarojini (1988). Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857. Concept Publishing Company. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-7022-195-1.
- Maharashtra (India) (1977). Maharashtra State Gazetteers: Akola. Directorate of Government Print., Stationery and Publications, Maharashtra State. p. 147.
- ^ Congress, Indian History (1941). Proceedings. Indian History Congress. p. 625.
- ^ Ma'asir al-Umara of Shahnavaz Khan Aurangabadi, Vol. 1, English (in Turkish). pp. 835–836.
- ^ Regani, Sarojini (1988). Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-81-7022-195-1.
- Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112050248951 and Others. 2013. p. 151.
- Sardesai, Govind Sakharam (1948). The expansion of the Maratha power, 1707-1772. Phoenix Publications. pp. 196–197.
- Duff, James Grant (1863). A History of the Mahrattas. Printed at the "Exchange Press," Fort. pp. 14–15.
- Nayeem, M. A. (1985). Mughal Administration of Deccan Under Nizamul Mulk Asaf Jah, 1720-48 A.D. Jaico Publishing House. p. 65. ISBN 978-81-7224-325-8.
- Nayeem, M. A. (2000). History of Modern Deccan, 1720/1724-1948: Political and administrative aspects. Abul Kalam Azad Oriental Research Institute. p. 41.
- Selections from the Peshwa Daftar (in Marathi). Government Central Press. 1933. pp. 3816–3820.
- Joshi, P. M. (1975). Studies in the Foreign Relations of India, from the Earliest Times to 1947: Prof. H. K. Sherwani Felicitation Volume. State Archives, Government of Andhra Pradesh : copies can be had from the Director of Print. and Stationery. p. 251.
- Markovits, Claude (2004-02-01). A History of Modern India, 1480-1950. Anthem Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-84331-004-4.
- Regani, Sarojini (1988). Nizam-British Relations, 1724-1857. Concept Publishing Company. p. 107. ISBN 978-81-7022-195-1.