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Jám Nizámuddín II (1461-1509 C.E.) was the most famous Sultan of the Samma or Jamot dynasty, which ruled in Sindh and parts of Punjab and Balochistan from 1351-1551 C.E. He was known by the nick-name of Jám Nindó. His capital was at at Thatta in modern Pakistan. His grave is located at Makli near Thatta.
History
Jám Nizámuddín bin Bábínah was elected to the throne of the Sultanate by the joint counsels of all the wise and pious men of the place as well as of the military people on the 25th of Rabi' al-awwal, 866 (A. D. 1461), after the death of Jam Sanjar.
The Sultanate reached the height of its power during the reign of Jam Nizamuddin II, who is still recalled as a hero, and his rule as a golden age. The Capital of all the early dynasties was the city of Thatta. The rise of Thatta as an important commercial and cultural center was directly related to his patronage and policies. The civilization contributed significantly to the evolution of the prevailing architectural style that can be classified as Sindhi-Islamic.
Shortly after his accession, he went with a large force to Bakhar, where he spent about a year, during which time he extirpated the freebooters and robbers, who had annoyed the people in that part of the country. He filled the fort of Bakhar with plenty of provisions and then left the place in charge of his house-born slave Dilshád and himself returned to his capital, where he reigned quietly for long long years.
In his time the people enjoyed every sort of comfort and rest. Even travellers could travel through different parts of Sind without any one doing harm to their person or property. For a period of forty-eight years he reigned at Tatta with absolute power; in his kingdom, the men of piety and learning, and the Fakeers, spent their time in great happiness, and the sepoys and Ryuts were in comfortable circumstances.
In the last part of Jám Nindó’s reign, a Mughul army under Shah Beg Urghoon came from Kandahar and fell upon many villages of Chundooha and Sideejuh, invading the town of Ágrí, Ohándukah,Sibi Sindichah and Kót Máchián.
Jám Nindó sent a large army which arriving at the village known by the name of Duruh-i-Kureeb, commonly known as Joolow Geer or Halúkhar near Sibi, defeated the Mughuls in a single pitched battle in which Sháhbeg’s brother Abú Muhammad Mirzá was killed and the Mughuls fled back to Kandahár and never made their appearance again during the reign of Jám Nizámuddín.
Some time after this, Jám Nizámuddín died after a splendid reign of 48 years. After his death, much dissension arose in the condition of the people of Jamote state.
Character
It is said, that at the commencement of his manhood he sought after knowledge, spending much of his time in the college and cloister. His disposition was modest and happy. He was celebrated for his good, affectionate temper. He offered much prayer to God, doing great abstinence. He was a very obliging man and an industrious person. He was very regular in his prayers and was very religious. In his days mosques were always full at the time of prayers.
During the time of his rule, Muslim rules attained so much life, that my understanding does not extend beyond them. The congregations of both great and small assembled in the Musjids; no one was willing to say his prayers alone. If any one was not present with the congregation, he repented, begging forgiveness for two or three days.
He visited his stables regularly every week and passed his hand over the forehead of his horses and said "O lucky beings, I do not wish to ride you in order to fight with others, unless to go against Kafirs. On all the four sides of us we have Mussalman rulers. May God never give us any cause other than in accordance with the religious law, to go elsewhere, or others to come here, lest innocent blood of Mussalmans be shed and I be ashamed in the august presence of God."
Jám Nizámuddín and Sultan Hoosain Lungah of Multan were contemporary friends. Between them there were many roads of esteem and friendship; they were always sending something to each other.
Jám Nizámuddín was very fond of the company of learned men, with whom he often took pleasure in discussing literary subjects. A learned man of Shíráz, Jaláluddín Muhammad roomi had come from Persia to Sind and had sent his two worthy pupils Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín to Thattá in order that they should arrange for his sojourn there. Jám Nizámuddín learning the intention of the Persian savant ordered some good houses to be fitted up for his reception and sent his two pupils with a large sum of money for expenses of the journey, ordering them to bring the learned man. But before their arrival their master had died. Mír Shamsuddín and Mír Muín therefore came back to Thattá and took up their abode at the place.