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Ornithodirans Temporal range: Middle Triassic - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Mounted skeleton of Marasuchus, an early dinosauriform
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Avemetatarsalia
Clade:	Ornithodira Gauthier, 1986
Clades
Dinosauromorpha †Pterosauromorpha

Ornithodira is a clade within the larger group Archosauria.

In 1986 Jacques Gauthier coined the name for a node clade, containing the last common ancestor of the dinosaurs and the pterosaurs and all of its descendants. In 1991 Paul Sereno was the first to give a formal definition, that explicitly included Scleromochlus and thus potentially was a larger group than Ornithodira sensu Gauthier. In 1999 Michael Benton concluded that Scleromochlus was indeed outside of Ornithodira sensu Gauthier; that year he defined a stem clade Avemetatarsalia for all Archosauria sensu Gauthier (Benton's own Avesuchia) that were closer to dinosaurs than to Crocodylia. In 2004 Benton gave a formal definition of Ornithodira sensu Gauthier. In 2005 Sereno stated the opinion that Ornithodira was not a useful concept, whereas Avemetatarsalia was.

Members of Ornithodira are characterized by an upright gait and an S-curved neck, hence the name "Ornithodira" ("bird necks"). It is by definition strictly divided into two subclades: Dinosauromorpha and Pterosauromorpha.

Dinosauromorpha contains more basal forms like Lagerpeton and Marasuchus and more derived forms like dinosaurs, which according to most modern scientists the birds belong to as members of the theropods. The Ornithodira are therefore still extant.

Pterosauromorpha contains Pterosauria, which are the famous flying reptiles, and as far as is known the first vertebrates capable of true flight. Most researchers think pterosaurians had neither an S-curved neck, nor an upright gait: the clade Ornithodira is defined on basis of ancestry, not characters – and it is always possible later descendants show a change in characters.

Phylogeny

Cladogram after Nesbitt (2011):

Further reading

• Michael J. Benton: Origin and relationships of Dinosauria. In: David B. Weishampel, Peter Dodson, Halszka Osmólska (Hrsg.): The Dinosauria. Zweite Auflage. University of California Press, Berkeley 2004, S. 7-19, ISBN 0-520-24209-2.

v t e Archosauromorpha
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Sauropsida Clade: Diapsida Clade: Sauria Clade: Archelosauria Sauropsida see Sauropsida Archosauromorpha see below↓
Archosauromorpha Archosauromorpha †Aenigmastropheus †Czatkowiella †Elachistosuchus? †Elessaurus †Malutinisuchus †Mecistotrachelos †Prolacertoides †Protorosaurus †Rhombopholis †Vritramimosaurus †Tanysauria Jesairosaurus? Trachelosauridae Austronaga Dinocephalosaurus Fuyuansaurus? Gracilicollum? Protanystropheus Pectodens Sclerostropheus? Trachelosaurus Sharovipterygidae? Ozimek Sharovipteryx Tanystropheidae Amotosaurus Augustaburiania Cosesaurus Fuyuansaurus? Gracilicollum? Gwyneddosaurus Langobardisaurus Luxisaurus Macrocnemus Raibliania Sclerostropheus? Tanystropheus Tanytrachelos Sharovipterygidae? Crocopoda †Boreopricea †Cryptovaranoides? †Tasmaniosaurus †Teyujagua †Allokotosauria see Allokotosauria †Rhynchosauria see Rhynchosauria †Prolacertidae? Kadimakara Prolacerta Archosauriformes see below↓
Archosauriformes Archosauriformes †Antarctanax †Cuyosuchus †Eorasaurus? †Kalisuchus †Koilamasuchus †Sarmatosuchus †Syntomiprosopus †Proterosuchidae Archosaurus Chasmatosuchus? Gamosaurus Jaikosuchus Proterosuchus Samsarasuchus Tsylmosuchus? Vonhuenia? †Protopyknosia Kranosaura Triopticus †Erythrosuchidae Bharitalasuchus Chalishevia Erythrosuchus Fugusuchus? Garjainia Guchengosuchus Shansisuchus Uralosaurus Eucrocopoda †Asperoris †Dorosuchus †Heteropelta †Litorosuchus †Marcianosuchus †Polymorphodon †Vancleavea †Euparkeriidae Euparkeria Halazhaisuchus Osmolskina †Proterochampsia see Proterochampsia Crurotarsi †Phytosauria see Phytosauria Archosauria Incertae sedis †Sikannisuchus? †Smok Avemetatarsalia see Avemetatarsalia includes birds Pseudosuchia see Pseudosuchia includes crocodilians
Related topics Tooth taxa †Crosbysaurus †Lucianosaurus †Tecovasaurus †Palaeosaurus †Protecovasaurus †Uatchitodon †Zanclodon Nomina dubia †Albisaurus †Ankistrodon †Avipes †Blomosuchus †Collilongus †Exilisuchus †Fenhosuchus †Megacnemus †Microcnemus †Vjushkovisaurus †Wangisuchus Paraphyletic groups Proterosuchia Protorosauria Thecodontia Possible members Choristodera Drepanosauromorpha Kuehneosauridae Ichthyosauromorpha Sauropterygia Thalattosauria
Category

• Ornithodirans