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| Years: | ] ] ] 491 BC ] ] ] |
Events
By place
Greece
- The Greek city of Aegina, fearing the loss of trade, submits to Persia. The Spartan king, Cleomenes I tries to punish Aegina for its submission to the Persians, but the other Spartan king, Demaratus, thwarts him.
- Cleomenes I engineers the deposing of Spartan co-ruler Demaratus (and his replacement by Cleomenes’ cousin Leotychides) by bribing the oracle at Delphi to announce that this action was divine will. The two Spartan kings successfully capture the Persian collaborators in Aegina.
Persian empire
- The construction begins of a relief in the Apadana, a ceremonial complex at Persepolis. The relief pictures Darius and Xerxes I receiving tribute and is now displayed in the Iranbustan Museum in Teheran.
Sicily
- Hippocrates, Tyrant of Gela, loses his life in a battle against the Siculi, the native Sicilian people. He is succeeded as Tyrant of Gela by Gelo, who had been his commander of cavalry.
Roman republic
- During a famine in Rome, Gnaeus Marcius Coriolanus advises that the people should not receive grain unless they would consent to the abolition of the office of tribune. For this, the tribunes have him condemned to exile. Coriolanus then takes refuge with the King of the Volsci and leads the Volscian army against Rome, turning back only in response to entreaties from his mother and his wife.
| Gregorian calendar | 491 BC CDXCI BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 263 |
| Ancient Egypt era | XXVII dynasty, 35 |
| - Pharaoh | Darius I of Persia, 31 |
| Ancient Greek era | 72nd Olympiad, year 2 |
| Assyrian calendar | 4260 |
| Balinese saka calendar | N/A |
| Bengali calendar | −1084 – −1083 |
| Berber calendar | 460 |
| Buddhist calendar | 54 |
| Burmese calendar | −1128 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5018–5019 |
| Chinese calendar | 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 2207 or 2000 — to — 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 2208 or 2001 |
| Coptic calendar | −774 – −773 |
| Discordian calendar | 676 |
| Ethiopian calendar | −498 – −497 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3270–3271 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | −434 – −433 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2610–2611 |
| Holocene calendar | 9510 |
| Iranian calendar | 1112 BP – 1111 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1146 BH – 1145 BH |
| Javanese calendar | N/A |
| Julian calendar | N/A |
| Korean calendar | 1843 |
| Minguo calendar | 2402 before ROC 民前2402年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1958 |
| Thai solar calendar | 52–53 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) −364 or −745 or −1517 — to — 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) −363 or −744 or −1516 |
Births
Deaths
- Hippocrates, Tyrant of Gela.
References
- Burn, A.R., "The Pelican History of Greece", Penguin Books, England, 1987.
- Hornblower, S. & Spawforth, T., ed. "Who's Who in the Classical World", Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
- Mellersh, H.E.L., "Chronology of the Ancient World", Barrie & Jenkins, London, 1976.
- Trager, J., "The People's Chronology", Aurum Press, London, 1992.
- Sinnigen, W.G. & Boak, A.E.R., "A History of Rome to A.D. 565, MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, 1977.
