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|---|---|
| Region | Palestine/Syrian scholar |
| School | Hanbali |
Ibn Qudamah (Arabic أبن قدامة ) was a noted Islamic scholar of the Hanbali madhhab, author of al-Mughni (a well-known Hanbali book of fiqh) as well as Tahrim an-Nazar (Censure of Speculative Theology, criticism of Ibn Aqil's rationalist views.) He was born in Palestine, and died in Damascus.
Full name
He was Muwaffaq ad-Deen Abu Muhammad 'Abd Allaah Ibn Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Qudaamah Ibn Miqdaam Ibn Nasr Ibn 'Abdillaah al-Maqdisee, who later became ad-Dimashqi, as-Saalihee.
Biography
Early life
He was born in Palestine in Sha'aban 1147AD/541AH. He memorized the Qur'an at an early age, studying its sciences and was known to have a nice handwriting. At the age of ten his family moved to Damascus, where he memorized the Qur'an in addition to an abridged form of Al-Kharqi (a Hanbali book of Fiqh).
He left with his cousin, 'Abd al-Ghani, for Baghdad in 561AH and met Abdul-Qadir Gilani shortly before he passed away. They stayed at his school, learning from him as well as from other scholars and student of knowledge of that time such as Abu-al-Faraj ibn Al-Jawzi, Hibat-ullaah Ibn Al-Hasan Ad-Daqaq, Abi'l Fath Ibn Al-Battee, Abi Zur'ah Ibn Tahir, Yahya Ibn Thabit, Khadeejah An-Nahrawaniyah and others.
He also studied with the following scholars of his time:
- Abi al-Makarim ibn Hilal (Syria)
- Abi al-Fadl at-Tusi (Iraq)
- Al-Mubarak ibn at-Tabbakh (Mecca)
Death
He died on Saturday, the Day of Eed-ul Fitr in 620 AH.
Legacy
Some of the Scholars that were influenced by him are:
- al-Bahaa'
- 'AbdurRahman
- al-Jamal Abu Musa ibn al-Hafidh
- Ibn Khaleel
- Ibn an-Najjaar
- Ash-Shams ibn Kamal
- Zaynab bint al-Wasitee
Comments from other Muslim scholars
Ibn an-Najjaar describes him as: "The Imaam of Al-Hanabilah (Hanbalis) in Damascus Mosque, he was a trust worthy, noble figure, extremely generous, of a clean character, a cautious worshipper, follower of the Salaf in methodology, emitting light (of knowledge and piety) and respectful. One may benefit from his sighting before even hearing his speech!
Shaikh al-Islam, Ibn Taymiyyah said about him, "No one possessing more understanding of the religion entered Shaam, after Al-Awzaa'ee, other than Shaykh al Muwaffaq (Ibn Qudamah)"
Ibn Kathir said about him , "He was the Shaikh ul Islam, an Imaam, a Scholar, outstandingly proficient. there was not found in his time nor before it by a long span of time, anyone possessing more Fiqh than him."
Ibn Rajab said about his books "He generated benefit to all the Muslims on a general level, and to the scholars of the (Hanbali) Madhab on a specific level. These books spread widely and grew very popular, according to the nobility of his intention and sincerity when writing them."
Works
His works are thought to number more than a few dozen. Amongst his printed works are:
On Fiqh:
- Al-Mughnee
- Al-Kaafi
- Al-'Uddah
- Al-'Umdah
- Al-Muqn'a
On 'Aqeedah:
- Lum'at-ul-'Itiqaad
- Al-Qadar
- Dhamm-ut-Ta'weel
- al-Uloow
On Usool-ul-Fiqh:
- Raudat-un-Naadhir On Raqaa'iq
Zuhd:
- Al-Ruqqah wal-Bukaa
- At-Tawwaabeen
On Hadeeth:
- Mukhtasar 'Ilal-ul-Hadeeth Lil-Khilaal
References
- http://www.sunnahonline.com/ilm/seerah/0038.htm
- Siyar A'laam An-Nubalaa'
- al-Bidaayah wan-Nihayah’ by Ibn Katheer Volume # 13 Pages 99-101
- Sharh Lum`atul-I`tiqaad
- Siyar A'laam An-Nubalaa'
- al-Bidaayah wan-Nihaayah
- Dhayl Tabaqaatil-Hanabilah’ Volume # 2 Page # 133
- Ikhtiyarat Ibn Qudamah al-Fiqhiyyah’ By Dr. `Ali ibn Sa`eed al-Ghamidi