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• Between 899–970, according to contemporary sources, the researchers count 47 (38 to West and 9 to East) raids in different parts of Europe. From these campaigns only 8 were unsuccessful and the others ended with success.
• Many tributes were paid to the Hungarians.
• Many times the rulers of Europe hired the Hungarian warriors against each other.
• The most significant result of the Battle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured their lands in 907, prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungarian land until 1030.
• The Hungarians also used a preemptive war against the Germans and the German unification.
• A Hungarian army was defeated in German land at the Battle of Lechfeld in 955. Seven years later Otto I was rewarded for stopping the Hungarians and he was crowned Emperor by Pope John XII in 962 and the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) was established.
• The Hungarian military presence stabilized the Hungarian state in the Carpathian Basin.

• The Hungarians were in alliance with Krum of Bulgaria against Emperor Nikephoros.

• Almost all the army of Berengar I of Italy was annihilated.
• The Hungarian invasion resulted in the burning of many cities, like Feltre, Vercelli, Modena and monasteries like the monastery in Nonantola and attacking even Venice.

• Berengar I of Italy accepts to pay tribute. He started to pay to the Hungarian tribute regularly, and until his death in 924, and in exchange the Hungarians helped him against every enemies that he had. The Hungarians became Berengar's friends.
• The returning Hungarian army had a role also in the conquering of Pannonia, as part of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, from the Bavarians by the Hungarians in late 900.

• Battle of Laibach

• Both sides suffered a heavy casualties at the Battle of Laibach, Duke Eberhard and Duke Gottfried died.
• After the battle, Hungarian raid to Carinthia, Carniola, Styria.

• Battle of Ennsburg
• Battle of Regensburg
• Battle of Lengenfeld

• After the Battle of Pressburg the victorious Hungarians defeated other Bavarian armies at Ennsburg, Regensburg, Lengenfeld...

• The most significant result of the Battle of Pressburg is that the Hungarians secured the lands they gained during the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin, and prevented a future German invasion, the Germans did not attack Hungary until 1030.
• This battle is considered one of the most significant battles in the history of Hungary. The Hungarian victory forced the new Bavarian prince, Luitpold's son, Arnulf to conclude a peace treaty, the prince recognized the loss of Pannonia and Ostmark, pushing Hungary's borders deep in Bavarian territory, the river Enns became borderline, paid tribute, and agreed to let the Hungarian armies, which went to war against Germany or other countries in Western Europe, to pass through the duchies lands.
• The establishment of the future Kingdom of Hungary.

• After this victory the Hungarian campaigns against the German duchies continued until 910, the battles of Augsburg and Rednitz, ended with disastrous German defeats, after which the German king Louis the Child concluded peace with the Principality of Hungary, accepting to pay tribute to the latter, and recognizing the Hungarian territorial gains during the war.

• Hungarian troops are helping Simeon I of Bulgaria to defeat the Byzantines in the great Battle of Acheloos.

• Despite the German victory, the German losses were heavy, among them many nobles: Conrad, Duke of Lorraine, etc.
• Bulcsú, Lehel, and Sur are hanged in Regensburg.

• Upon destruction of the Hungarian forces, the German army proclaimed Otto I father of the fatherland and emperor. In 962, on the strength of this, Otto I went to Rome and had himself crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope John XII.
• End of the Hungarian invasions towards the West.

• Hungarian leader named Kisa was defeated by Časlav, the Prince of Serbia.

• A Hungarian army defeated Časlav, the Prince of Serbia by avenge of the widow of Kisa.

• End of the Hungarian invasions of Europe.

• The Hungarians supported Henry II, Duke of Bavaria against Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor, thus the Hungarians raided several times the territories of Piligrim, Bishop of Passau from the fortress of Melk.
• Leopold I, Margrave of Austria launched a counter-attack and besieged and occupied Melk, which forced Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary to withdraw Hungarian forces from the territories west of the Vienna Woods and Khalenberg.
• Later, Géza, Grand Prince of Hungary renounced the lands west of the river Leitha in his peace treaty of 996 with Henry IV of Bavaria. The river Leitha became the historic border between the Kingdom of Hungary and the Holy Roman Empire.

• "Gyula" meant the second highest title in Hungarian tribal confederation. Gyula's ancestor was among the seven chieftains of the conquering Hungarians, who finally settled in Transylvania. Gyula's family ruled Transylvania in Gyulafehérvár (Alba Iulia). Gyula II was baptised in Constantinople around 952.
• After the coronation King Stephen I asserted his claim to rule all lands dominated by Hungarian lords.

• King Stephen I personally led his army against his maternal uncle, and Gyula III surrendered without a fight, Gyula III and his family was captured.
• Transylvania was incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary.
• The establishment of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Transylvania in 1009.

1029 (?)

• Battle of the River Bug

• The Hungarians occupied Vienna.

• Battle of Ménfő

• During this rebellion, Vata gained power over a group of rebels who wished to abolish Christian rule and revert to paganism.
• Bishop Gerard of Csanád invited Vazul's exiled sons to the country.

• Prince Andrew and Levente returned to Hungary from their exile and quickly gained popular support for the throne, especially among the pagan populace, despite the fact that Andrew was Christian (Levente had remained pagan). On their return, a rebellion began, which Andrew and Levente initially supported. The princes accepted the claims of the rebellers in exchange for fighting against King Peter.

• King Peter decided to flee from Hungary and take refuge in Austria. Andrew's envoys tricked the king before he reached the frontier. King Peter fled to a fortified manor at Zámoly, but his opponents captured him. King Peter was blinded, which caused his death.
• The pagans slaughtered priests and Bishop Gerard of Csanád.
• Prince Andrew pronounced himself king.
• King Andrew soon broke with his pagan supporters, restored Christianity and declared pagan rites illegal.

• 1051
• 1052

• Battle of Vértes
• Siege of Pressburg

• Battle of Moson

• King Solomon of Hungary and Prince Géza of Hungary helped to his brother-in-law to Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia to recapture Dalmatia from the Carinthians.

• Battle of Kerlés / Cserhalom

• Pecheneg troops pillaged Syrmia in 1071. The king and the duke suspected that the soldiers of the Byzantine garrison at Belgrade incited the marauders against Hungary, they decided to attack the fortress.
• The Hungarian army crossed the river Sava, although the Byzantines used Greek fire against their boats. The Hungarians defeated the Pechenegs who helped the Byzantines to relief the siege. Finally the Hungarians took Belgrade after a siege of three months.
• King Solomon and Prince Géza marched along the valley of the river Great Morava as far as Niš. The Hungarians seized the city.

• Battle of Mogyoród

• King Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia was a member of the House of Trpimirović, he married Helen of Hungary from the Árpád dynasty in 1063. Helen was a Hungarian princess, daughter of King Béla I of Hungary, and sister to King Ladislaus I of Hungary. There was no living male member of the House of Trpimirović in 1091, civil war broke out in Croatia.

• The widow of King Zvonimir, Helen tried to keep her power in Croatia during the succession crisis. Several Dalmatian cities and Croatian nobles around Helen asked King Ladislaus I to help Helen and offered him the Croatian throne, which was seen as rightfully his by inheritance rights.
• In 1091 Ladislaus I crossed the Drava river and conquered the entire province of Slavonia without encountering opposition, Ladislaus I had success in his campaign, yet he wasn't able to establish his control over entire Croatia.
• Ladislaus I appointed his nephew Prince Álmos to administer the controlled area of Croatia, established the Diocese of Zagreb as a symbol of his new authority and went back to Hungary.

• 1097

• Battle of Gvozd Mountain

• Petar Svačić was elected king by Croatian feudal lords in 1093.

• King Ladislaus I of Hungary died in 1095, leaving his nephew King Coloman of Hungary to continue the Croatian campaign. Coloman, as was the case with Ladislaus I before him, wasn't seen as a conqueror but rather as a pretender to the Croatian throne.

• Coloman assembled a large army to press his claim on the throne and in 1097 defeated King Petar's troops in the Battle of Gvozd Mountain, who was killed in battle.

• King Coloman was crowned in Biograd na Moru in 1102 and the title now claimed by Coloman was "King of Hungary, Dalmatia, and Croatia".

• King Coloman created a personal union between the kingdoms of Hungary and Croatia (1102–1918).

• When King Coloman of Hungary seized Croatia, Vitale I Michiel, Doge of Venice asked an ally against the Normans who threatened the Dalmatian cities. A huge Hungarian army was transported to Apulia by the Venetian navy, they defeated the Normans, the Hungarians captured Brindisi and Monopoli, thus the Normans was retreated from Dalmatia. The Hungarian army plundered the land and retreated after three months leaving the cities in the hand of the Venetians.

• Bohemond I, Prince of Taranto and Antioch attacked the Byzantine Empire with a huge Norman army from Southern Italy. Alexios I Komnenos defended his country at the east side of the Adriatic Sea, meantime he asked Hungarian and Venetian aid. The Venetian navy transported the Hungarian army to Apulia and the Hungarians devastated the land of Bohemond I and they captured Brindisi and Monopoli. In the beginning of the next year the Hungarians went home and left the cities in the hand of the Venetians like during the campaign of 1095.
• Treaty of Devol.

Iaroslav from Vladimir

Byzantine Empire

• Military balance maintained.

• The Hungarian auxiliary troops were commanded by Palatine Ampud, and Leustach Rátót, Voivode of Transylvania sent by King Béla III of Hungary to fight along the Byzantines against the Seljuks.

• Main Seljuk army routed.
• Sultanate of Rum's capital city sacked.

• Géza, Prince of Hungary, the younger brother of King Béla III joined by a contingent of 2,000 men to Frederick Barbarossa to participate in the Third Crusade.
• About 5,000 Imperials and Hungarians under Duke Frederick joined the Siege of Acre in October.

Bosnia

1233–1234

• Battle of Bethsaida

• Battle of Isaszeg

• Death of Ottokar II of Bohemia. Rudolph I of Habsburg got the Austrian throne.
• The battle marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the House of Habsburg in Austria and Central Europe.

• Battle of Lake Hód

• Battle of Rozgony

• The Golden Horde was pushed back behind the Dniester River, the Golden Horde's control of the lands between the Eastern Carpathians and the Black Sea weakened.
• The establishment of Moldavia in 1346 as a Hungarian vassal state.

File:Wappen Padua.png Padua
Republic of Genoa
Duchy of Austria

• Moldavia became a Hungarian vassal.
• King Sigismund of Hungary occupied Suceava the capital of Stephen I of Moldavia.

• King Sigismund of Hungary had experience fighting with the Ottomans, but the French knights refused his battle plan. The French knights rushed to the Ottoman lines, while the other allies stayed with the Hungarian forces under King Sigismund, this caused confusion and divided the strength of the Crusader army.

• Ottomans defeat Crusades and no new Anti-Ottoman alliance is formed till the 1440s.
• Ottomans maintain pressure on Constantinople, tightened control over the Balkans, and became a greater threat to central Europe.
• Collapse of Second Bulgarian Empire.

• Battle of Dobor

• King Sigismund achieved a decisive victory over Tvrtko II of Bosnia, 126 members of Bosnian nobility were massacred.

• King Sigismund founded the Order of the Dragon as a celebration of the reoccupation of Bosnia and Dalmatia when he married Barbara of Cilli.

• John Hunyadi and his 15,000 men defeated the 80,000-strong army of Begler Bey Sehabeddin at Zajkány (Zeicani), near the Iron Gate of the Danube river.

• Hunyadi gained a huge booty. He put lots of treasures and weapons on a wagon that ten horses could hardly pull and sent it to King Vladislaus I of Hungary to Buda.

• Vladislaus I of Hungary, the young king, ignoring Hunyadi's advice, rushed 500 of his Polish knights against the Ottoman center. They attempted to overrun the Janissary infantry and take Murad II prisoner, and almost succeeded, but in front of Murad's tent Vladislaus's horse either fell, and the king was slain.
• Murad's casualties at Varna were so heavy, it was not until three days later that he realized he was victorious.
• The Ottoman victory in Varna, followed by the Ottoman victory in the Second Battle of Kosovo in 1448, deterred the European states from sending any substantial military assistance to the Byzantines during the Ottoman Siege of Constantinople in 1453.

• John Hunyadi deprived Vlad II Dracul from the Wallachian throne, because Vlad II Dracul captured John Hunyadi after the Battle of Varna.

• John Hunyadi placed Vladislav II on the throne of Wallachia.
• John Hunyadi also drove a small Ottoman army out of Wallachia.

• The Siege of Belgrade was a major issue for the entire Europe, especially after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. The fall of the fortress city of Belgrade would have opened the gates of Europe to the Turks and that would have certainly changed the history of the world.
• The Battle of Belgrade deserves to be remembered. Hungarians played a key role in the defense of Europe against the invasion of the Turks in the 15th century.
• Pope Callixtus III ordered the bells of every European church to be rung every day at noon, as a call for believers to pray for the defenders of the city. But because in many European countries the news of victory arrived before the Pope's order for prayer, the ringing of the church bells was believed to be in celebration of the victory. Therefore, the significance of the church bells ringing is now the commemoration of Hunyadi's victory against the Turks.
• Plague broke out in the camp, from which John Hunyadi himself died three weeks later.

• The Ottomans lured the small advancing army of Michael Szilágyi into a trap at Pojejena. Michael Szilágyi was being captured by Ali Bey Mihaloğlu. Michael Szilágyi was transferred to Constantinople, he was decapitated by the orders of the Sultan.

• Battle of Baia / Moldvabánya

• At the end of the campaign, Hungary controlled all of Upper Austria as well, which remained under the control of King Matthias until his death, in 1490.

• The Black Army captures Vienna.

• City surrender.

• Austria ceded the western lands of Lower Austria, Styria and Carinthia to the Kingdom of Hungary.

• Decisive downward turning point in Hungarian history.
• Destruction of the Kingdom of Hungary as an independent and powerful European nation.
• The territory of Hungary was split into two parts in 1529 and into three parts in 1541.
• Around two hundred years of constant warfare with and between two empires, Habsburg and Ottoman, turned Hungary into a perpetual battlefield. The countryside was regularly ravaged by armies moving back and forth devastating the population.

• Captain Jurisics Miklós defended the small border fort of Kőszeg with only 700–800 men (46 soldiers, 700 peasants) with no cannons and few guns, preventing the advance of the Turkish army of 120,000–140,000 toward Vienna.

• Kazim Bey's Ottoman army was completely destroyed.

• Suleiman the Magnificent dies in his tent before the final assault.
• The whole Hungarian-Croatian army (2300–3000) is killed, Miklós IV Zrínyi is killed in the final battle.
• Miklós IV Zrínyi ordered a fuse be lit to the powder magazine. After cutting down the last of the defenders the Ottoman Army entered the remains of Szigetvár and fell into the trap. 3,000 Turks perished in the explosion.
• 20,000–30,000 Ottomans were killed.
• Ottomans captured Szigetvár fortress and it became part of Budin Eyalet.

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Kingdom of Hungary

Holy Roman Empire

• Margraviate of Brandenburg

• Electorate of Bavaria

• Duchy of Lorraine

• Electorate of Saxony

• As a consequence of the recapture of Buda from the Turks, as well as the victory in the Battle of Mohács (1687), the Hungarian parliament recognized at Pressburg in 1687 that the inheritance of the Hungarian crown had passed to the Habsburgs.

• Kuruc

• Austria
•  Prussia
• Margraviate of Baden
• Serbs from Vojvodina
• Transylvanian Saxons
• Kingdom of Croatia
• Royalists
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• Crushing of rebellion

• Royal Hungarian regiments

• Kuruc renegades

• Treaty of Niš
• Treaty of Belgrade

• Kingdom of Hungary

 Great Britain

• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
• Maria Theresa retains the Austrian, Bohemian and Hungarian thrones
• Francis of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's husband, confirmed as Holy Roman Emperor

Holy Roman Empire:

• Austria
  • Kingdom of Hungary
•  Saxony

 Russia (until 1762)
Spain (from 1762)
Sweden (1757–62)
Mughal Empire (from 1757)
Abenaki Confederacy

 Prussia
Portugal (from 1762)
Hanover
Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Hesse-Kassel
Schaumburg-Lippe
Iroquois Confederacy

• Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762)
• Treaty of Hamburg (1762)
• Treaty of Paris (1763)
• Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763)

• Kingdom of Hungary

• Habsburg Monarchy
•  Prussia (until 1795)

 Great Britain
Army of Condé
Spain (until 1795)
 Dutch Republic (until 1795)
 Portugal
 Sardinia (until 1796)

• Peace of Basel
• Peace of Campo Formio

•  Habsburg Monarchy
• Hungary

 Great Britain (until 1801)
 United Kingdom (from 1801)
 Russia (until 1799)
 Portugal
 Naples
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
Order of Saint John (1798)
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French Royalists

• Treaty of Lunéville

•  Austria
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Kingdom of Sicily
 Sweden

• Spain
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• Treaty of Pressburg
• Consolidation of the French Empire
• Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine
• Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
• Formation of the Fourth Coalition a few months later

•  Bavaria
• Saxony
•  Württemberg
•  Westphalia

• Treaty of Schönbrunn

•  Baden
• Bavaria
• Berg
• Saxony
•  Westphalia

• Beginning of the War of the Sixth Coalition

 United Kingdom
 Sweden
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Spain
Portugal
Sicily
 Sardinia

• Treaty of Paris
• Treaty of Fontainebleau
• Bourbon Restoration, exile of Napoleon Bonaparte
• Congress of Vienna

Nassau
Brunswick
 Sweden
 United Netherlands
 Spain
Portugal
 Sardinia
Sicily
Tuscany
Switzerland
French Royalists

• Treaty of Paris

• Revolution suppressed by Austrian, Russian, and allied forces
• Reincorporation of Hungary into the Austrian Empire

• Sardinia annexed Lombardy from Austria
• Sardinia occupied and later annexed Habsburg-ruled Tuscany and Emilia
• France gains Savoy and Nice from Sardinia

• Prussia annexes parts of Bavaria, Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, parts of Hesse-Darmstadt, Holstein, Schleswig, Nassau, and Frankfurt
• Italy annexes Venetia and part of Friuli
• Dissolution of the German Confederation
• Formation of the North German Confederation
• Exclusion of Austria from Germany
• Formation of Austria-Hungary

• Most rebel demands met

• Bosnia placed under Austro-Hungarian occupation as a condominium
• Pacification of local resistance

• Boxer Protocol signed

• Collapse of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and creation of the First Hungarian Republic
• Beginning of Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918-1920)
• Treaty of Trianon
• Loss of two-thirds of pre-war Hungarian territory

• Hungarian advance into Czechoslovakia, then withdraw after negotiations
• Creation and dissolution of the Slovak Soviet Republic

• Collapse of the Hungarian Soviet Republic
• Romanian occupation of Hungary proceeds

• Sopron and its area remained in Hungary

• Annexation of a border strip between eastern Slovakia and Carpathian Ruthenia

 Romania (1944–1945)
 Finland (1944–1945)
Bulgaria (1944–1945)

• Soviet occupation of Hungary
• Paris Peace Treaties, 1947
• First Vienna Award annulled (Czechoslovakia re-gained some of the territories lost to Hungary in 1938)
• Second Vienna Award annulled (Romania re-gained of Northern Transylvania, lost to Hungary in 1940)
• Hungarian withdrawal and loss of annexed territories to Yugoslavia
• Soviet annexation of Carpathian Ruthenia (fully became part of again Hungary in 1939)
• Sovietization of Hungary; installation of a communist puppet regime

• Revolution crushed by Soviet troops
• Re-imposition of Soviet-backed puppet regime until 1989
• Soviet military presence in Hungary until 1991

• Prague Spring crushed
• Moscow Protocol
• Soviet military presence in Czechoslovakia until 1991

MNF–I

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•  Ukraine (2004–2008)

Iraqi National Congress
New Iraqi government

• Iraqi Armed Forces
• Awakening Council

 Iraqi Kurdistan

• Peshmerga

Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation
Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order

Sunni insurgents

• Islamic State of Iraq
• File:IAILogo.png Islamic Army of Iraq
• Ansar al-Sunnah

Shia insurgents

• Mahdi Army
• Special Groups
• Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
• Others

For fighting between insurgent groups, see Civil war in Iraq (2006–07).

• Invasion and occupation of Iraq
• Overthrow of Ba'ath Party government and execution of Saddam Hussein
• Iraqi insurgency, emergence of al-Qaeda in Iraq, and civil war
• Subsequent depletion of al-Qaeda in Iraq, improvements in public security, Iraqi insurgency persists
• Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia led government
• U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement
• Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal and spillover with the Syrian Civil War
• Resurgence of Islamic State of Iraq, the successor of al-Qaeda in Iraq,

• ISAF
• RS

• Taliban
• Al-Qaeda

• United States invasion of Afghanistan (2001)
  • Destruction of al-Qaeda and Taliban militant training camps (2001)
  • Fall of the Taliban government (2001) and Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
• Start of Taliban insurgency
  • Osama bin Laden killed by DEVGRU operators in Abbottabad, Pakistan in May 2011
  • "Afghanization" of Afghan conflict. Withdrawal of most US troops by 2014
  • End of Operation Enduring Freedom; start of 2015 phase of war, and Operation Freedom's Sentinel. End of US and ISAF led combat mission; beginning of NATO-led training and assistance mission.
  • Doha Agreement and progressive withdrawal of remaining US troops after 2020
• Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021
  • Taliban forces capture Kabul on 15 August 2021 and overthrow the U.S.-backed Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
  • Re-establishment of the Taliban-run Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Panjshir Province held out against the Taliban for 3 weeks after Kabul was conquered but ended up also being conquered by the Taliban

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