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| Shankouclava Temporal range: Cambrian Stage 3, 518 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ | |
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| Restoration of S. anningense. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Tunicata |
| Genus: | †Shankouclava Chen et al., 2003 |
| Type species | |
| †Shankouclava anningense Chen et al., 2003 | |
| Species | |
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Shankouclava is an extinct genus assigned to the tunicates. It represents the oldest candidate member of this group, dating to 518 million years ago. It has been found in the Lower Cambrian Maotianshan Shale at Shankou village, Anning, near Kunming (South China). Each of the eight specimens found and used for description were isolated, suggesting that the genus was solitary and not colonial.
Morphology
Shankouclava had a soft, sac-like body that was elongated and pointed proximally. The body lengths of individuals vary from 2 cm (0.8 in) to 4 cm (1.6 in).
Shu asserts that some specimens exhibit tentacles, which would make it recall the deuterostome Phlogites. Expanding on this idea, Shu and colleagues argues against a tunicate affinity.
Affinity
A (stem group) tunicate affinity is broadly accepted, though some authors have expressed reservations that the evidence in favour of this affinity is not conclusive.
Etymology
The generic name is composed of the fossil locality, Shankou, and the Latin word clava (club-shaped).
References
- Yang, C.; Li, X.-H.; Zhu, M.; Condon, D. J.; Chen, J. (2018). "Geochronological constraint on the Cambrian Chengjiang biota, South China" (PDF). Journal of the Geological Society. 175 (4): 659–666. Bibcode:2018JGSoc.175..659Y. doi:10.1144/jgs2017-103. ISSN 0016-7649. S2CID 135091168.
- ^ Chen, Jun-Yuan; Huang, Di-Ying; Peng, Qing-Qing; Chi, Hui-Mei; Wang,Xiu-Qiang; Feng, Man (2003). "The first tunicate from the Early Cambrian of South China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (14): 8314–8318. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.8314C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1431177100. PMC 166226. PMID 12835415.
- Shu (2008). Gondwana Research.
{{cite journal}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - Shu, D.-G.; Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, Z.-F.; Han, J. (2010). "The earliest history of the deuterostomes: The importance of the Chengjiang Fossil-Lagerstätte". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1679): 165–174. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0646. PMC 2842668. PMID 19439437.
- Conway Morris (2006). "Darwin's Dilemma".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Shankouclava | |
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