Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 116.90.115.20 (talk) at 10:03, 22 May 2024 (i have did some miner changes and updates). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Former Muslims or ex-Muslims are people who were Muslims, but subsequently left Islam.

Although their numbers have increased, ex-Muslims still face ostracism or retaliation from their families and communities due to beliefs about apostasy in Islam.

In 23 countries apostasy is a punishable crime and in 13 of those it carries the death penalty.

Part of an unorganized religion or no religion

Became non-religious

• Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – Turkish field marshal, statesman, secularist reformer, and author. Sources point out that Atatürk was a religious skeptic and a freethinker. While his specific religious views are unclear, he was a non-doctrinaire deist. According to Atatürk, the Turkish people do not know what Islam really is and do not read the Quran. People are influenced by Arabic sentences that they do not understand, and because of their customs they go to mosques. When the Turks read the Quran and think about it, they will leave Islam. Atatürk described Islam as the religion of the Arabs in his own work titled Vatandaş için Medeni Bilgiler by his own critical and nationalist views.
• Nyamko Sabuni – politician in Sweden
• Safdar Hashmi – Indian Communist playwright and founding member of Jana Natya Manch.
• Sajid Javid – British politician
• Zayn Malik – English singer of Pakistani and English-Irish descent.
• Mansiya V.P. a Bharatnatyam exponent from Kerala India. Non-conformist on religious front but believes in God.
• Luai Ahmed, a Yemeni-Swedish journalist, columnist and influencer considered as a controversial critic of the radical Islam and the anti-Semitism and hatred of Israel inherent in it. He is affiliated with Sweden Democrats, a Swedish right-wing nationalist party. Ahmed is openly gay and considers himself Zionist.

Became deists

• Ahmad Kasravi – notable Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.
• Ehsan Jami – former politician and founder of Central Committee for Ex-Muslims.

Became agnostics

• Abdullah al-Qasemi – one of the most controversial intellectuals in the Arab world because of his radical change from defending Salafism to defending atheism and rejecting organized religion.
• Alyque Padamsee – Indian theatre personality and ad filmmaker. He was the father of Indian Advertizing. He was an agnostic.
• Cenk Uygur – Main host of the liberal talk radio show The Young Turks. He is an agnostic.
• Fareed Zakaria – Indian-American CNN host. He is a self described secular and non practicing Muslim. He added: "My views on faith are complicated—somewhere between deism and agnosticism. I am completely secular in my outlook."
• Ibn al-Rawandi – early skeptic of Islam.
• Ibn Warraq – British Pakistani secularist author and founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society.
• Kia Abdullah – British novelist and travel writer. In 2020, she stated that she identifies as an agnostic and a secular Muslim.
• Orhan Pamuk – Turkish novelist and screenwriter. Describes himself as a cultural Muslim while not believing in a personal connection to God.
• Seema Mustafa – Indian journalist, Political Editor and Delhi Bureau Chief of The Asian Age newspaper.
• Sohail Ahmed – Former radical Islamist. He now describes himself as a cultural Muslim who rejects the truth claims of Islam.
• Wafa Sultan – Syrian-born American psychiatrist and controversial critic of Islam. She describes herself as a "Secular Humanist"
• Dr. Younus Shaikh – Pakistani medical doctor, human rights activist, rationalist and free-thinker.
• Zohra Sehgal – Indian actress who has appeared in several Hindi and English language films.

Became atheists

Undetermined current belief system

• Charles Bronson – British criminal and self-styled "most violent prisoner in Britain".
• David Hicks – Australian-born Guantanamo Bay detainee who converted to Islam and was notorious in his homeland for his once support of radical Islam and for the circumstances surrounding his incarceration, is believed to have renounced Islam whilst incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay.
• Khalid Duran – specialist in the history, sociology and politics of the Islamic world.
• Lex Hixon – not raised religious; Conversions to Hinduism, Sufism. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and possibly Zen.
• Linda Thompson – British folk singer who, along with her husband Richard, converted to Sufism in the 1970s. The couple have since divorced and she has left the religion.
• Trie Utami – Indonesian singer who after a stormy divorce is known to have left Islam after 2005, but she refuses to declare to what religion she converted.
• Wesley Snipes – American actor, film producer, and martial artist.
• Zayn Malik – English singer and songwriter.
• Tarek Fatah – Canadian activist born in Pakistan, who call himself an Indian.

Converted to an Indian religion

• Piro Preman, first female Punjabi-language poet who lived in the 19th century. Born a Muslim but became an apostate after joining the Gulabdasia sect

Converted to Sikhism

• Kuldip Manak – deceased Punjabi folk singer

Converted to Buddhism

• Bunnag family – Thai family of Persian descent.
• Kenneth Hsien-yung Pai (b. 1937) – Chinese American writer of Hui descent.
• Napapa Tantrakul (b. 1986) – Thai actress
• Sri Sulalai (1770–1837) – princess of the royal family of the Sultanate of Singora. Rama II of Siam took her as a concubine.
• Suraj Randiv (b. 1985) – Sri Lankan cricketer
• Tillakaratne Dilshan (b. 1976) – Sri Lankan cricketer
• Tillakaratne Sampath (b. 1982) – Sri Lankan cricketer
• Wong Ah Kiu (1918–2006) – Malay woman born to a Muslim family but was raised as Buddhist; her conversion from Islam became a legal issue in Malaysia on her death

Converted to Hinduism

• Annapurna Devi (born Roshanara Khan) – surbahar (bass sitar) player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.
• Anwar Shaikh – British author
• Aashish Khan (born Ustad Aashish Khan Debsharma) – Indian musician
• Asha Gawli – (born Ayesha) wife of Arun Gawli, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai, India. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.
• Bukka I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reverted to Hinduism. The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on theories.
• Chander Mohan – former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana State in India. He was born Chandra Mohan he converted to Islam after marriage and again reverted to Hinduism after his divorce.
• Happy Salma – Indonesian actress, writer, model, became princess and member of the Lordship of Ubud after marriage.
• Haridas Thakura – prominent Vaishnavite saint, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishna movement.
• Harihara I – King of Vijayanagara Empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted.
• Harilal Mohandas Gandhi – son of Mahatma Gandhi. Upon converting to Islam he adopted the name Abdullah Gandhi, but later again reverted to Hinduism.
• Ifa Sudewi – Indonesian chief judge for the 2002 Bali bombing trials.
• Khushboo Sundar – Tamil movie actress. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.
• Nargis – Bollywood film actress. Mother of Indian actor Sanjay Dutt.
• Netaji Palkar – Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Chhatrapati Shivaji, 19 June 1676.
• Sarmad – 17th-century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in god.
• Sukmawati Sukarnoputri – daughter of Indonesia's founding president Sukarno and his wife Fatmawati. Sister of former Indonesian president Megawati Sukarnoputri, Sukmawati converted to Hinduism during a Sudhi Wadani ceremony in October 2021.
• Zubeida – Bollywood film actress, on whose life story the film Zubeidaa was based. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage.
• Wasim Rizvi – Indian Shia and WAQF board chairman, converted to Hinduism.
• Ali Akbar – Kerala film maker, reverted to Hinduism.

Converted to an Abrahamic religion

Converted to Judaism

• Amina Dawood Al-Mufti – Jordanian Muslim of Circassian origin, converted to Judaism upon marrying an Israeli Jewish pilot in secret in Vienna. She later became a spy for Mossad. An Arabic TV series called An Eastern Girl (فتاة من الشرق) (Fatah min Asharq) was made about her starring Suzan Najm Aldeen as Amina. The book (مذكرات أخطر جاسوسة عربية للموساد .. أمينة المفتي) was written about her.
• Avraham Sinai – Lebanese former Shi'ite who converted to Judaism. He served as an informant for the Israelis while serving in Hezbollah, until his actions were uncovered. He fled to Israel and subsequently converted.
• Dario Hunter – American politician. Became the first Muslim born individual to be ordained a rabbi.
• Yasmeen Ali – British adult actress of Afghan origin. Converted to Judaism while dating her Jewish boyfriend.

Converted to the Bábí and Baháʼí Faith

These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Baháʼí Faith. They were formerly Muslims.

• Hají Ákhúnd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.
• Ibn-i-Abhar – appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.
• Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl – foremost Baháʼí scholar who helped spread the Baháʼí Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. One of the few Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh who never actually met Bahá'u'lláh.
• Mírzá Mahmúd – eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Baháʼí Faith.
• Mishkín-Qalam – prominent Baháʼí and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.
• Nabíl-i-A'zam – Baháʼí historian and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh
• Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn – two brothers who were beheaded in the city of Isfahan in 1879.
• Somaya Ramadan – 2001 winner of the Naguib Mahfouz Medal for Literature.
• Táhirih – Persian poet and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.

Converted to Christianity

• Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.
• Aben Humeya – (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.
• Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.
• Abraham of Bulgaria – martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.
• St. Adolphus – Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Emir of Córdoba for apostasy.
• Akbar Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.

• Albertus Soegijapranata – born in Surakarta, to a Muslim courtier and his wife who later converted to Roman Catholicism; the first native Indonesian bishop; a National Hero of Indonesia; known for his pro-nationalistic stance, often expressed as "100% Catholic, 100% Indonesian".
• Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.
• Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .
• Aman Tuleyev – Russian governor of Kemerovo Oblast.

• Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the second prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.
• Aslan Abashidze – former leader of the Ajarian Autonomous Republic in western Georgia.
• Asmirandah – Indonesian actress of Dutch descent converted to Protestantism in December 2013. Zantman owes her conversion to an experience of having dreamed three times of Jesus Christ.
• Aurelius and Natalia – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.
• Ayaan Hirsi Ali – Somali-born Dutch feminist, writer, and politician.
• Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – former Egyptian Muslim sheikh.
• Basuki Abdullah – Indonesian painter; converted to Roman Catholicism.
• Begum Samru – powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.
• Bob Denard – French soldier and mercenary leader. Converted from Roman Catholicism to Judaism, then Islam and eventually back to Roman Catholicism.
• Broery – Indonesian singer (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).

• Brother Rachid – television presenter. He hosts a TV show called Daring Question which focuses on discussing and criticizing Islam.
• Carlos Menem – former President of Argentina. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, the majority religion of Argentina, due to his political aspirations (before the 1994 reform, the Argentine Constitution established that the President of the Nation had to be a Roman Catholic).
• Casilda of Toledo – saint of the Roman Catholic Church.
• Chamillionaire – (born Hakeem Seriki) American rapper.
• Chulpan Khamatova – Russian actress.
• Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.
• The Clan Yusupov – noble family of Tatar descent down the Khans of the Nogai Horde, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity in the 17th century.
• Daniel Bambang Dwi Byantoro – leader (and Archimandrite) of the Indonesian Orthodox Church.
• Daveed Gartenstein-Ross – counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).
• Descendants of Kuchum – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
• Diana Nasution – Indonesian singer, converted to Protestantism after marriage.
• Djibril Cissé – footballer for club and country.
• Don Juan of Persia – late-16th- and early-17th-century figure in Iran and Spain, converted from Shia Islam to Roman Catholicism.
• Donald Fareed – Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.
• Eldridge Cleaver – Conversions/Associations to Nation of Islam then Evangelical Christianity then Mormonism.
• Emily Ruete – (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.
• Enrique de Malaca – Malay slave of Ferdinand Magellan, converted to Roman Catholicism after being purchased in 1511.
• Ergun Caner – Swedish-American academic, author, and Baptist minister.
• Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.
• Fadhma Aït Mansour – mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.
• Fathia Ghali – Egyptian princess and youngest daughter of Fuad I of Egypt and Nazli Sabri.
• Fathima Rifqa Bary – American teenager of Sri Lankan descent who drew international attention in 2009 when she ran away from home and claimed that her Muslim parents might kill her for having converted to Christianity.
• Fernão Lopes – Portuguese nobleman, soldier and the first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
• Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.
• George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).
• Ghorban Tourani – former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats, he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.
• Hakan Taştan and Turan Topal – two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".
• Hamid Pourmand – former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.
• Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.
• Hazem Farraj – Palestinian American minister, writer, evangelist
• Hisn Jihan – Circassian wife of Bashir Shihab II. Muslim by birth, she was captured by Turkish slavers and converted to Maronite Catholicism after being released by Bashir and marrying him.
• House of Yusupov – former Muslim Genghisid family which converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
• Ibrahim Ben Ali – soldier, physician and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.
• Ibrahim Njoya – Bamum people religion; back and forth conversions from Islam to Christianity. Also created his own religion.
• Ibrahim Tunggul Wulung – Indonesian evangelist and missionary.
• Imad ud-din Lahiz – Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator.
• Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.
• Jacob Frank – 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi, and also of King David. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as Frankism.
• James Scurry – British soldier and statesman.
• Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (from Roman Catholicism to Islam back to Roman Catholicism).
• Jessica Iskandar – Indonesian actress and model (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).
• Johannes Avetaranian – (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendant of Muhammad.
• Josef Mässrur – (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.
• Josephine Bakhita – Roman Catholic saint from Darfur, Sudan.
• Julia Volkova – Russian singer and actress best known as a member of the Russian pop duo, t.A.T.u.
• Justinus Darmojuwono – first Indonesian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church; served as Archbishop of Semarang from 1963 to 1981, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1967; converted to Catholicism in 1932.
• Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – American football player
• Kassian Cephas – Indonesian photographer.
• Kiki Fatmala – Arab Indonesian actress.
• Kitty Kirkpatrick – daughter of James Achilles Kirkpatrick, British Resident in Hyderabad and Khair-un-Nissa, a Hyderabadi noblewoman.
• Kyai Sadrach – Indonesian missionary.
• Lakandula – Lakan of the pre-colonial Kingdom of Tondo
• Lina Joy – Javanese Malaysian former Muslim converted to Roman Catholicism. The desire to have her conversion recognized by law was the subject of a court case in Malaysia.
• Lukman Sardi – Indonesian actor converted to Christianity after marriage.
• Lyasan Utiasheva – Russian gymnast, convert to Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

• Magdi Allam – Italy's most famous Islamic affairs journalist.
• Majeed Rashid Mohammed – Kurdish Christian convert from Islam. He established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today.
• Malika Oufkir – author, activist and former prisoner of the Moroccan royal family.
• Manohara Odelia Pinot – Indonesian model and actress. Former wife of Malaysian Kelantanese prince Tengku Muhammad Fakhry Petra.
• Maria Aurora von Spiegel – (born Fatima) was a Turkish mistress of Augustus II the Strong and the wife of a Polish noble.
• Maria Huberdina Hertogh – Dutch-Indonesian child kidnapped and forcibly converted to Islam during the World War II in 1943 by Malay Muslims but was eventually returned to her Catholic family in 1950.
• Maria Temryukovna – Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on August 21, 1561.
• Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.
• Mark A. Gabriel – Egyptian writer
• Mark Huda Junayed Fino – Bangladeshi raised as a Muslim but converted to Protestantism in 2010.
• Mary Fillis
• Mathieu Kérékou – President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).
• Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.
• Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian pastor and Christian activist.
• Mehmet Ali Ağca – Turkish ultra-nationalist assassin, who shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on May 13, 1981. In early 2009, Ağca renounced Islam in prison and announced his intention to convert to the Catholic faith upon release.
• Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine.
• Mohammed Elewonibi – Nigerian-Canadian football player
• Mohammed Hegazy – first Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government.
• Momolu Dukuly – Liberian foreign minister.
• Mosab Hassan Yousef – son of Sheikh Hassan Yousef, a Hamas founder and one of its leader.
• Moussa Dadis Camara – ex-officer of the Guinean army.
• Muhsin Muhammad – football player for Carolina Panthers
• Nabeel Qureshi – former Ahmadi Muslim and now co-director of Acts 17 Apologetics Ministries. He has given lectures at universities and seminaries throughout North America.
• Nafa Urbach – Indonesian singer, actress and model.
• Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.
• Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt.
• Nonie Darwish – Egyptian-American writer and public speaker.
• Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator.
• Olavo de Carvalho – Brazilian polemicist, philosopher, political pundit, astrologer and journalist.
• Omar ibn Sa'id – Fula writer and Islamic scholar who was enslaved and transported to the United States in 1807.
• Parveen Babi – Indian actress, converted to Christianity during her later life, but buried according to Muslim rites.
• Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon
• Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.
• Pinkan Mambo – (born Pinkan Ratnasari Mambo) Indonesian singer converted in 2010. Decision taken after admitting she studied various religions of the world and eventually dropped in awe of Jesus Christ.
• Qadry Ismail – former American football player.
• Qasim Khanate – some Muslim begs and Khans of the Qasim Khanate converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity.
• Raghib Ismail – former American football player.
• Rajah Humabon – first Filipino Sultan convert to Roman Catholicism in the name of Carlos.
• Rajah Matanda – sovereign of the Kingdom of Maynila
• Rashid Nurgaliyev – Russian politician and general convert to Russian Orthodoxy.

• Rianti Cartwright – Indonesian actress, model, presenter and VJ. Two weeks before departure to the United States to get married, Rianti left the Muslim faith to become a baptized Catholic with the name Sophia Rianti Rhiannon Cartwright.
• Rotimi Adebari – first Black mayor in Ireland.
• Roy Marten – (born Wicaksono Abdul Salam) Indonesian actor whose family was converted to Roman Catholicism during his childhood but who converted later to Indonesian Orthodoxy in 1997.
• Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.
• Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)
• Sabatina James – Pakistani-Austrian former Muslim and now an Austrian Roman Catholic author.
• Saeed and Nagmeh Abedini
• Saint Alodia and Saint Nunilo – Christian martyrs and confessors who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.
• Sarah Balabagan – Filipina who was imprisoned in the United Arab Emirates from 1994 to 1996 for murder. She was initially sentenced to death, but was later returned to the Philippines.
• Sayed Borhan khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.
• Saye Zerbo – President of the republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).
• Sheikh Deen Muhammad – (I.E. Sake Dean Mahomed) British Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced shampooing and the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.
• Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.
• Sharena Gunawan – Indonesian actress and model. Converted to Christianity after remarried with Indonesian actor Ryan Delon Situmeang.
• The Shihab family – prominent Lebanese noble family. The family originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Maronite Catholicism at the end of the 18th century.
• The Sibirsky family – foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.
• Sigi Wimala – Indonesian model and actress, converted to Catholicism after marriage.
• Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate.

• Skanderbeg – Albanian monarch and military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted to Christianity later in life.
• Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiari – second wife and Queen Consort of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the late Shah of Iran who converted to Roman Catholicism.
• Ștefan Răzvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.
• Taysir Abu Saada – former member of the PLO and the founder of the christian ministry Hope For Ishmael after he converted to christianity. He was Yasir Arafat's personal driver.
• Thomas Yayi Boni – President of Benin
• Tunch Ilkin – (born Tunç Ali İlkin) Turkish American sports broadcaster and a former American football player
• Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).
• Udo Ulfkotte – German journalist who was born a Christian, became an atheist, then converted to Islam and finally converted back to Christianity.
• Umar ibn Hafsun – leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.
• Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate
• Walid Shoebat – American author and self-proclaimed former member of the PLO
• Wu'erkaixi – Uyghur dissident known for his leading role during the Tiananmen protests of 1989.
• Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan (Yadegar Mokhammad of Kazan) – last khan of Kazan Khanate
• Youcef Nadarkhani – Iranian Christian pastor who has been sentenced to death for apostasy.
• Zachariah Anani – former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter
• Zaida of Seville – refugee Andalusian Muslim princess who was a mistress and then perhaps queen of Alfonso VI of Castile

Religious founders

• Akbar the Great – Mughal emperor and founder of Din-i Ilahi, a religious movement whose followers never numbered more than 19 adherents, although Akbar never renounced Islam publicly or privately, and modern scholars have argued that it was a spiritual discipleship program rather than a new religion.
• Ariffin Mohammed – founder of the Sky Kingdom who claimed a unique connection to God. In spite of renouncing Islam in 2001, he stated that there was no restriction on practising your own faith and at the same time belonging to the Sky Kingdom.
• Báb – founder of Bábism. Most of his followers later accepted Bahá'u'lláh and thus joined the Baháʼí Faith.
• Bahá'u'lláh – after the Bab's death, claimed to be the prophet the Báb spoke of, thereby founding the Baháʼí Faith.
• David Myatt – founded the Numinous Way
• Dwight York – African American author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called Nuwaubianism.
• Kabir – 15th-century mystical poet and founder of the Kabirpanthi. Born to a Hindu widow but adopted and raised as Muslim by a childless Muslim couple, later denouncing both Hinduism and Islam.
• Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi – founder of the spiritual movements Messiah Foundation International and Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam.
• Ṣāliḥ ibn Tarīf – second king of the Berghouata. He proclaimed himself a Prophet/Mahdi and came out with his own Qur'an.
• Sheikh Adi ibn Musafir – founder of Yazidism
• Sultan Sahak – founded Ahl-e Haqq

See also

• Apostasy
• Apostasy in Islam
• Apostasy in Islam by country
• Criticism of Islam
• Ex-Muslims
• List of converts to Islam
• Religious conversion

Other apostasy-related lists

• List of ex-Muslim organisations
• List of former Jews
• List of former atheists and agnostics
• List of former Protestants
• List of former Catholics
• List of former or dissident Mormons
• List of former Christians

References

1. "The number of ex-Muslims in America is rising". The Economist. 15 March 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2019.
2. "Countries Where Apostasy is Illegal". 13 December 2018.
3. Reşat Kasaba, "Atatürk", The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, 2008; ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3 p. 163; accessed 27 March 2015.
4. Political Islam in Turkey by Gareth Jenkins, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 84; ISBN 0230612458
5. "Atatürk İslam için ne düşünüyordu? - Türkiye Haberleri - Radikal". July 22, 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-22.
6. Afet İnan, Medenî Bilgiler ve M. Kemal Atatürk'ün El Yazıları, Türk Tarih Kurumu. 1998. p. 364. Even before accepting the religion of the Arabs, the Turks were a great nation. After accepting the religion of the Arabs, this religion, didn't effect to combine the Arabs, the Persians and Egyptians with the Turks to constitute a nation. (This religion) rather, loosened the national nexus of Turkish nation, got national excitement numb. This was very natural. Because the purpose of the religion founded by Muhammad, over all nations, was to drag to an including Arab national politics.
7. Lyall, Sarah (January 12, 2007). "Swedish politician's advice to immigrants? Try to fit in – Europe – International Herald Tribune". The New York Times.
8. "For dignity in life and death". 25 October 2016.
9. Farley, Harry (30 April 2018). "Sajid Javid: What has the new home secretary said about faith?". Christian Today. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
10. "Zayn Malik Reveals Why He No Longer Identifies as Muslim". 2018-11-17.
11. WARRIER, SHOBHA (2022-04-06). "'My art is my God and the stage is my temple'". Rediff. Archived from the original on 2022-04-06. Retrieved 2022-04-06. I don't believe in any religion. But I believe in God. I am of the opinion that belief in God and belief in religion are two different things....My strength is my art and practicing my art is my puja... Just before we perform, we touch the stage in obeisance. That's because the stage is our temple and what we perform is our God. ...If I am going to dance in a temple, before every performance I pray to the deity from outside and prostrate in front of Him.
12. Kullberg, Joakim (August 11, 2022). "Luai Ahmed – en Kontroversiell Tyckare Med Halmstadrötter". Hallandsposten (in Swedish). Retrieved December 13, 2022.
13. Debatt (2023-06-20). "DEBATT: Den stora invandringen gör att vi bögar väljer SD". www.expressen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
14. Olsson, Konrad (2022-08-11). "Omstridde krönikörens resa började i Halmstad". Hallandsposten (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-01-28.
15. Debatt (2023-06-20). "DEBATT: Den stora invandringen gör att vi bögar väljer SD". www.expressen.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-01-24.
16. V. Minorsky. Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58–81 (1957), p. 66. JSTOR.
17. Arjan Visser (22 June 2007). "Ehsan Jami / Ik wil geen evolutie, ik wil een revolutie". Trouw (in Dutch). Retrieved 13 April 2018.
18. "Meet the accused Arab agnostic who went his own way in the 1940s". english.alarabiya.net.
19. "Alyque Padamsee was a creator of superbrands and superconsumers - and a theatre personality (Obituary)".
20. "Six Degrees of Barack Obama". HuffPost. April 29, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
21. On Ibn al-Rawandi, from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971, Volume 3, E J Brill, Leiden, p. 905.
22. "Warraq, 60, describes himself now as an agnostic..." Dissident voices, World Magazine, June 16, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 22.
23. Abdullah, Kia (2020-07-06). "It is possible to be a secular Muslim". inews.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
24. "Born June 7: Orhan Pamuk". www.lapl.org. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
25. "Pakistan: Appeasing the Mullahs". Mail-archive.com. September 13, 2006. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
26. "The Communalisation of Kargil". Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
27. My Journey In and Out of Extremist Islam, retrieved 2023-03-27
28. Time Magazine- Interview with Wafa Sultan.
29. There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st century Feb. 2006.
30. Younus Shaikh Archived 2007-04-30 at the Wayback Machine- short biography.
31. "Ninety and spunky". The Hindu. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008.
32. Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31, 2006.
33. ^ Wesley Snipes, Hollywood's hottest new star talks about: his divorce, his days on the streets and why he doesn't have 'jungle fever. Ebony Magazine. Sept, 1991 by Laura B. Randolph.
34. Loonyology: In My Own Words. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
35. "David Hicks: 'Australian Taleban'". BBC News. May 20, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
36. "Hicks drops Islamic faith". News.com.au. February 28, 2007. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
37. Duran, Khalid Children of Abraham : An Introduction to Islam for Jews Ktav Publishing House ISBN 0-88125-724-9.
38. Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), pp. 5–8.
39. "British folk singer Linda Thompson reflects back on her life as a Sufi". Public Radio International.
40. "Trauma Dipoligami, Trie Utami Pindah Agama? - SlideGossip".
41. "Indonesian Legend Trie Utami Making Her Encore". Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-05-27.
42. "Zayn: The Vogue Interview". British Vogue. 13 November 2018.
43. "Kuldeep Manak".
44. Woodhouse, Leslie (Spring 2012). "Concubines with Cameras: Royal Siamese Consorts Picturing Femininity and Ethnic Difference in Early 20th Century Siam". Women's Camera Work: Asia. 2 (2). Retrieved 8 July 2015.
45. "Peony Dreams". 28 September 2006. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
46. "แพท ณปภา เปิดใจหลังสูญเสียคุณพ่อ เผยอาจเปลี่ยนศาสนา". Sanook (in Thai). 20 July 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2021.
47. Sri Lanka profiles BBC News – November 9, 2003.
48. "Breaking News, World News and Video from Al Jazeera". www.aljazeera.com. Archived from the original on March 24, 2008.
49. ^ Watching 'Gandhi my Father' was painful: Tushar Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine
50. ^ "Happy Salma Memeluk Agama Hindu". Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
51. ^ "Happy Salma Hamil Anak dari Suaminya yang Keturunan Raja Ubud Bali". Archived from the original on 2017-06-22. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
52. Unveiling the mystique of a reclusive artiste The Hindu, 28 June 2006.
53. Hindu response to the demographic challenge Archived 2017-07-13 at the Wayback Machine – Koenraad Elst.
54. Indian musician goes back to roots Archived 2007-09-30 at the Wayback Machine OneIndia, 23 August 2006.
55. Daddy in jail, Mummy seeks votes for both Archived 2008-05-28 at the Wayback Machine – The Indian Express.
56. ^ Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003. ISBN 81-219-0153-7.
57. Chand Mohammed is Chander Mohan again – Tribune News Service, July 28, 2009.
58. Chand Mohammed converts back to Hinduism – July 28, 2009, The Times of India.
59. "Haridasa Thakura". stephen-knapp.com.
60. Five bombers were prepared to die in Bali – The Sunday Telegraph – Australia – Newstext Archived 2012-05-25 at the Wayback Machine.
61. Five bombers were prepared to die Archived 2015-01-12 at the Wayback Machine The Australian, 25 May 2003.
62. Southern siren Namitha has a temple Archived 2008-08-01 at the Wayback Machine NDTV, 10 July 2008.
63. "Conversions: Famous personalities who converted, and some who almost did". The Economic Times. 2015-01-05. Retrieved 2020-02-05.
64. "Hindu History - National revival under the Marathas". Archived from the original on 2000-09-30.
65. Admin. "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, A Hero for Modern India".
66. "Religion : It's Indiatime". indatime.com. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
67. Sarmad, the mystic poet Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine
68. Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed: The Naked Sufi Martyr Archived April 13, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
69. Delhi, New (October 27, 2021). "In Muslim-majority Indonesia, daughter of ex-president converts from Islam to Hinduism". India Today.
70. Zubeidaa's secret The Times of India, 11 July 2003.
71. "Former UP Shia Waqf Board chairman Wasim Rizvi converts to Hinduism". The Economic Times. 6 December 2021.
72. "Malayalam film director ali akbar quits islam, embraces hinduism". Lokmat Times. 11 December 2021.
73. "Suzan Najm Addeen is the Most Famous Jordanian Spy!". Al Bawaba.
74. "أمينة المفتي أشهر جاسوسة للموساد - ديوان العرب". www.diwanalarab.com.
75. فريد الفالوجي. "Nobody (Saudi Arabia)'s review of مذكرات أخطر جاسوسة عربية للموساد .. أمينة المفتي". Goodreads.
76. Avni, Idan (September 14, 2006). "A righteous man from Hizbullah land". YNetNews. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
77. "NYC: Ex-Muslim to be ordained as rabbi". Ynetnews. 2012-07-07. Retrieved 2020-10-05.
78. "Two men 'planning to kidnap and murder woman who renounced Islam' arrested". The Independent. 2019-09-05. Retrieved 2024-04-16.
79. ^ Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. ISBN 0853981523.
80. Momen, Moojan (March 4, 2002). "Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, Mirza". Archived from the original on May 13, 2008. Retrieved February 19, 2007.
81. Lucy Provan (October 14, 2012). "Baha'is in Egypt – The 25 January revolution gave everyone hope for change, and the Baha'i hope for acceptance". Daily News Egypt. Egypt. Archived from the original on December 16, 2014. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
82. 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1997) . Memorials of the Faithful (Softcover ed.). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Baháʼí Publishing Trust. ISBN 0877432422.
83. "News". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on July 30, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
84. L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
85. Birdsall, Neville. Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.; January 8 Saints Archived 2014-08-07 at the Wayback Machine
86. Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
87. Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. p. 84.
88. ^ "Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila". Thegoal.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
89. Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith Archived September 7, 2008, at the Wayback Machine – ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
90. ^ Aritonang, Jan S.; Steenbrink, Karel A., eds. (2008). A History of Christianity in Indonesia. Studies in Christian Mission. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17026-1.
91. Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. p. 469. ISBN 0345298063.
92. (in Russian) Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. April 13, 2003. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
93. "Apostasy and Prophet Muhammad". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
94. ^ Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 86.
95. George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
96. SlideGossip, Diposting oleh. "Asmirandah Pindah Agama Demi Bisa Menikah Lagi Dengan Jonas Rivanno?".
97. "Asmirandah - Soal Foto Ibadah di Gereja, Asmirandah: Agamaku Adalah Hakku". KapanLagi.com.
98. "KKR Pendeta Gilbert di Manado, OC KAligis dan Asmirandah 'Bersaksi'". Tribun Manado.
99. "Kesaksian: Kesaksian Asmirandah "Artis Indonesia"". April 3, 2014.
100. Kenneth Baxter Wolf. "Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain". Libro.uca.edu. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
101. Ali, Ayaan Hirsi (2023-11-22). "Why I am now a Christian". UnHerd. Retrieved 2024-02-19.
102. "Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed – Compass Direct News, October 18, 2006". Archived from the original on November 3, 2018. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
103. "Biografi Basuki Abdullah". Archived from the original on 2014-12-10. Retrieved 2021-03-08.
104. The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8.
105. "Robert Young Pelton's The World's Most Dangerous Places: 5th Edition", Robert Young Pelton, Collins Reference, 2003, p.270: "Denard has seven wives and has at various times converted to Judaism (in Morocco) and Islam (in the Comoros) and then back to Catholicism."
106. "pesulima". www.geocities.ws.
107. "Biografi Broery Pesulima - Foto, Video, Riwayat Hidup - Putra Ambon Bersuara Emas - Selebriti - Biografi Tokoh Indonesia". Tokoh Indonesia - Ensiklopedi Tokoh Indonesia - Biografi Profil Tokoh - TokohIndonesia.com. Archived from the original on 2015-07-06. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
108. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica- Carlos Menem. Britannica.com. July 2, 1930. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
109. "Biographies". Archived from the original on 2014-12-07. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
111. St. Casilda Archived 2008-12-24 at the Wayback Machine – Americancatholic.org
112. "Chamillionaire Biography". OLDIES.com.
113. "On religion: "I go to church every Sunday I'm in Houston. Now I have people asking for autographs in church. It's crazy, but yeah, I still do that and I still pay tithes and all that stuff."". Archived from the original on 2014-10-02.
114. "Чулпан Хаматова - Потребность быть настоящей". khamatova.ru.
115. "Форум о Чулпан Хаматовой • Просмотр темы - "Кино в деталях" на СТС (05.11.2005)". Archived from the original on 2014-03-08.
116. "Constantine the African". Uh.edu. August 1, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
117. "Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
118. "Interview with Archimandrite Daniel". Archived from the original on 2014-05-31.
119. "Orthodox Research Institute". Orthodox Research Institute.
120. Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Archived 2008-02-28 at the Wayback Machine Government testimony (PDF).
121. Daveed Gartenstein-Ross Archived 2011-05-08 at the Wayback Machine biography on his website.
122. "Pesan Terakhir Diana Nasution: Jangan Lupa Pelayanan Gereja". Tribun Manado.
123. PT. VIVA MEDIA BARU - VIVA.co.id (4 October 2013). "Rita Nasution dan Minggus Tahitoe Berduet di Depan Peti Diana".
124. "Djibril Cisse Biography". Netglimse.com. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
125. Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, June 10, 2010 Archived October 2, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
126. Guerreiro, Fernāo; Payne, Charles Herbert (2005). Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560–1604 (book review). Routledge. ISBN 9780415344821. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
127. "Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website". Persianministries.org. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
128. Kifner, John (May 2, 1998). "New York Times obituary". The New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
129. "Africana Online". Archived from the original on April 28, 2010.
130. Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar.
131. Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850–1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9.
132. Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar – ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity").
133. "The Slave Who Circumnavigated The World". The Awl. Archived from the original on 2016-05-11. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
134. "Sejarawan Universitas Harvard: Penjelajah Bumi Pertama adalah Putera Melayu". VOA Indonesia. 28 July 2013.
135. "The Ergun Caner Controversy". Archived from the original on 2015-04-17.
136. "'Broken' Ergun Caner Resigns as President of Brewton-Parker College". Gleanings – ChristianityToday.com. 20 January 2015.
137. "Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)". Elizabethan-era.org.uk. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
138. Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0340806966.
139. Soref. "The Death of a Forgotten Princess". SOREF.TV. Archived from the original on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
140. "Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP". The Miami Herald. Nov 14, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
141. Fernão Lopes – the first Robinson Archived 2009-11-21 at the Wayback Machine – The St Helena Foundation.
142. "Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003". Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
143. You quizzed George Weah – BBC
144. "Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor". Iranvajahan.net. December 6, 2005. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
145. TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT Archived 2009-01-13 at the Wayback Machine
146. "Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief". Retrieved February 16, 2012.
147. "The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile". The Daily Telegraph. London. May 5, 2008. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
148. Linda Gradstein (April 2, 2013), "'Ex-Muslim' preaches the Gospel", The Jerusalem Post, retrieved June 13, 2013
149. J.S. Clarke. "History". Linda Haggin Peck. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved September 30, 2008.
150. "African Studies Quarterly". Africa.ufl.edu. Archived from the original on February 6, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
151. "Welcome dubois.fas.harvard.edu - BlueHost.com". dubois.fas.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on October 14, 2008.
152. "Pendiri Gereja Kristen Jawa" – via Scribd.
153. Guillot, Claude (24 March 1979). "Karangjoso revisité: aux origines du christianisme à Java central - Persée". Archipel. 17 (1): 115–133. doi:10.3406/arch.1979.1463.
154. Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr.Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
155. "The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15.
156. Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists' Archived 2009-01-16 at the Wayback Machine, from Encyclopedia Judaica.
157. Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196.
158. I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Time.
159. Titley, Brian (2002). Dark Age. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. ISBN 9780773524187.
160. Redaksi. "Artis Pesbukers 'Lecehkan' Islam …". KoranNonstop.com. Archived from the original on 2016-06-05. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
161. "Kata Keluarganya, Jessica Iskandar Sudah Menikah Setahun Lalu". Tribunnews.com. 13 July 2023.
162. Biography of Johannes Aveteranian. Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
163. In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, p. 284.
164. Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. p. 7. ISBN 0312193440. – Sister Josephine Bakhita had been converted by force to Islam and then, freedom restored, had chosen Christianity.
165. "Mother Josephine Bakhita". www.vatican.va.
166. "Публикация Julia Volkova | Юля Волкова в Instagram • Фев 26 2017 в 4:26 UTC" (in Russian). Instagram. 26 February 2017. Archived from the original on 2021-12-23.
167. Юля Волкова вернулась в православие (in Russian). Woman.ru. 27 February 2017.
168. Бывшая "татушка" Юлия Волкова вернулась из ислама в православие (in Russian). News.ru. 28 February 2017.
169. "Romo Jost Kokoh: "Djamin alias Imin alias Darmoyuwono"".
170. "Kassian Cephas".
171. Guillot, Claude (24 March 1981). "Un exemple d'assimilation à Java : le photographe Kassian Cephas (1844–1912) - Persée". Archipel. 22 (1): 55–73. doi:10.3406/arch.1981.1669.
172. "Kiki Fatmala changes her religion". Viva.co.id. 7 April 2021.
173. "White mischief". The Guardian. December 9, 2002.
174. "Kyai Sadrach, Dari Pesantren Menuju Gereja". KOMPASIANA. 25 December 2010. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014.
175. "Kiai Sadrach | Bio-Kristi". biokristi.sabda.org.
176. ^ "Doing the Impossible: Quitting Islam in Malaysia". Asia Sentinel.
177. Beech, Hannah (May 30, 2007). "Malaysia's Crisis of Faith". Time. Archived from the original on 2007-06-01. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
178. "Bukti Hanung Berjiwa Labil dan Sebarkan Virus Menggoyang Iman". Eramuslim. 30 November 2001.
179. "Antara Hanung Bramantyo dan Muhammad Syarif - VOA-ISLAM.COM". www.voa-islam.com.
180. "Мусульманская община Ярославля встретилась со знаменитой спортсменкой Ляйсан Утяшевой — Муслим-пресс, 21/05/2006".
181. Роман ПРЯНИКОВ - АО ИД «Комсомольская правда» (29 May 2009). "Ляйсан Утяшева пишет стихи". Роман ПРЯНИКОВ - АО ИД «Комсомольская правда».
182. "Ляйсан Утяшева, рожденная в раю". Советский Спорт. Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
183. ^ "Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on December 5, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
184. Norge IDAG – Norwegian language newspaper – Friday May 7, 2010.
185. "Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star". Wafin.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
186. Hafadzoh, Siti. "Jarang Terlihat, Manohara Kini Sudah Pindah Agama & Aktif Selamatkan Satwa". trending.
187. "Fatima Maria Anna von Spiegel".
188. National Library Board, Singapore. "Maria Hertogh riots".
189. Kamari, Isa (March 2008). Tragedi Nadra. Hikmah. ISBN 9789791141604.
190. Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982.
191. Ottawa, The (April 15, 2007). "Flight from Iran". Canada.com. Archived from the original on September 27, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
192. Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
193. "The first Muslims in England". BBC News. March 20, 2016.
194. Okanla, Karim (August 20, 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC News.
195. Petre, Jonathan (October 7, 2005). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved August 4, 2007. the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
196. The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice – Sari, Iran December 3, 1993 Archived September 7, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
197. Pope Gunman: I Want to Convert to Christianity – ABC News, May 13, 2009.
198. "Late pope's would-be killer wants Vatican baptism lawyer". The Vancouver Sun. May 2009.
199. Rudnytsky, Ivan L. (1988). "Michal Czajkowski's Cossack Project During the Crimean War: An Analysis of Ideas". Essays in Modern Ukrainian History. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 186. ISBN 9780916458195.
200. "Elewonibi best among lineman prospects". Arizona Republic. 18 April 1990.
201. Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat Aug 11, "Threats force Egyptian convert to hide - Yahoo! News". Archived from the original on 2007-08-15. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
202. Religion And Power in Liberia – The Perspective, June 17, 2005.
203. "Mariage de Dadis à la Patte d'Oie : Et Moussa devint Moïse - leFaso.net, l'actualité au Burkina Faso". lefaso.net.
204. "Burkina Faso- Guinée: Dadis Camara devient chrétien au " Pays des hommes intègres "". Paperblog.
205. Brad Biggs (May 20, 2005 Friday). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 148.
206. "Nafa Urbach, Karirnya Meredup Gara-Gara Pindah Agama? - KapanLagi.com". www.kapanlagi.com.
207. "Nafa Urbach Pindah Agama". liputan6.com. 2003-09-30.
208. "Al Murtadin Nafa Urbach".
209. "Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?". Religionlink.org. February 27, 2006. Archived from the original on January 12, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
210. Hugh Montgomery-Massingberd, Burke's Royal Families of the World: Africa & the Middle East, Burke's Peerage, 1980, p. 36.
211. Friedman, Lisa. "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred", Los Angeles Daily News, June 5, 2005. (reproduced).
212. Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. p. 94. ISBN 0264664175.
213. ""Olavo chegou a ter três esposas muçulmanas ao mesmo tempo", diz filha" [“Olavo had three Muslim wives at the same time,” says his daughter]. epoca.globo.com (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 8 April 2019.
214. "About this Collection | Omar Ibn Said Collection | Digital Collections | Library of Congress". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-02-23.
215. Parveen Babi – Memories". Cineplot.com. 3 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
216. Snehal Fernandes. "She said we were her only family". Express India. Archived from the original on 2016-01-10. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
217. "Church completes 125 years". The Times of India. 20 November 2007. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
218. "Parveen Babi – Memories". Cineplot.com. 3 July 2011. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
219. "'Parveen Babi wanted Christian last rites'". The Times of India. 23 January 2005. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
220. "Babi will leaves relatives high and dry". The Times of India. 28 April 2005. Retrieved 6 October 2012.
221. "Islam, the West and the need for honesty". The Age. Melbourne. October 16, 2004. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
222. Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 196.
223. "Zakat Pinkan Mambo Pindah ke Gereja". Tribunnews.com. 13 July 2023.
224. "Pinkan Mambo married in a church in Los Angeles". Archived from the original on 2013-10-10.
225. "metrotangsel.com". Archived from the original on 2014-06-07.
226. "Qadry Ismail's bio on". Thegoal.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
227. Vlacheslav Shpakovsky; David Nicolle; Gerry Embleton (20 October 2013). Armies of the Volga Bulgars & Khanate of Kazan. Osprey Publishing. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-78200-081-5.
228. Tom Wright (April 15, 2007). "Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path". Greeleytrib.com. Archived from the original on February 21, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
229. "Magellan's Cross". www.hawaii.edu.
230. art_dev. "Какие традиции продолжает глава МВД Рашид Нургалиев". Ислам и мусульмане в России и в мире. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
231. "The priests said Interior Minister Nurgaliyev — Encyclopedia of safety". survincity.com. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
232. James Gordon Meek (October 12, 2007). "Jailed '93 WTC bomber claims he's now a Christian". Daily News. New York. Archived from the original on August 8, 2009.
233. "My Trip to SuperMax". CBS News. October 14, 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2009.
234. KapanLagi.com: Rianti Cartwright: JOMBLO Dekat Dengan Realitas"
235. "perkawinan katolik". Archived from the original on October 30, 2012.
236. Grammy awards (August 25, 2007). ""All hail The chieftain", Independent News". The Irish Independent. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
237. Saya juga minta maaf kepada seluruh komunitas Gereja Ortodok diakses 3 February 2006
238. Roy Marten, who said that he has been a follower of the Church for three years Archived 2016-07-01 at the Wayback Machine diakses 3 February 2006
239. Roy Marten Main Sinetron Edisi Natal diakses 12 December 2006
240. Schwaner, Birgit (June 1, 2007). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit". Weiner Zeitung (in German). Archived from the original on September 9, 2007. Retrieved January 19, 2008. He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
241. Noel Orsal. "Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith". Pep.ph. Archived from the original on October 28, 2017. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
242. SPIEGEL ONLINE, Hamburg, Germany (2011-12-17). "RELIGION: Das Model Gottes". Spiegel Online. 51.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
243. St. Alodia – Catholic.org
244. ^ "Үтәмешгәрәй". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
245. Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
246. The Travels of Dean Mahomet Archived 2008-10-26 at the Wayback Machine – University of California press.
247. "Deen Mahomed [1759–1851]: soldier, writer, businessman". Indianmuslims.info. February 25, 2006. Archived from the original on February 19, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
248. Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
249. "8 Artis Pakai Nama Suami Usai Nikah, Banyak yang Pindah Agama". 9 July 2020.
250. Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, Google Print, p. 567.
251. Moosa, Matti (2005). The Maronites in History. Gorgias Press. ISBN 9781593331825.
252. Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
253. "Sigi Wimala Dinikahi Sutradara Film di Gereja". detikhot.
254. "Nikah Diam-Diam, Sigi Wimala Digosipkan Hamil". celebrity.okezone.com. 11 November 2009.
255. Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
256. Paul Hofmann, Pope Bans Marriage of Princess to Shah, The New York Times, 24 February 1959, p. 1.
257. Istoria și tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu – "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
258. "سائق عرفات السابق : الرب أعطى الأرض لليهود | Radio Netherlands Worldwide". Rnw.nl. Archived from the original on 2012-07-20. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
259. "اŮ"هؿů‡Řż: ŘľřŮšů Řš اŮ"ŮšůƒřşřąůˆŮ†Ůšřš Řšřąř¨Ůšřš بسřąř¨Řš Ů"Řşř§Řş Řšř§Ů"Ů…Ůšřš". Hdhod.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
260. "Benin's new president announced". Archived from the original on November 16, 2011. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
261. "Faith in Sports". Onmission.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
262. "Marriages of the Holy Prophet". Al-islam.org. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
263. 'Muslims won't win against the West'. 24 October 2010. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13 – via YouTube.
264. Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
265. "Biography of Walid Shoebat". Shoebat.com. Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
266. "Where Are the Tiananmen Leaders Now? (Part 1)". asia! through Asian Eyes. Archived from the original on 2015-01-09. Retrieved 2015-04-08.
267. "Tiananmen Square: the long shadow". Financial Times. June 2014.
268. Merica, Dan (October 1, 2011). "Iranian pastor faces death for rape, not apostasy – report". CNN.
269. "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". CBC News. July 21, 2015. Archived from the original on November 30, 2009.
270. Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha.
271. ^ Dīn-i Ilāhī. Britannica.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
272. Collier, Dirk (1 March 2016). The Great Mughals and their India p. 232. Hay House, Inc. ISBN 9789384544980 – via Google Books.
273. Lefèvre, Corinne (2015-04-01). "Dīn-i ilāhī". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE.
274. The Telegraph .
275. Shoghi Effendi, introduction to The Dawn-breakers, p. xxx.
276. Balyuzi, Hasan (2000). Bahá'u'lláh, King of Glory.
277. "The Promethean Peregrinations of David Myatt". Archived from the original on 2012-07-28. Retrieved 2011-04-21.
278. "Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia". Trincoll.edu. Archived from the original on March 21, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
279. "Rare Literary Gems: The Works of Kabir and Premchand at CRL". Archived from the original on September 25, 2006.
280. V.Jayaram (January 9, 2007). "The songs of Kabir". Hinduwebsite.com. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
281. "Messiah Foundation International Site about Shahi". Messiah Foundation International. Retrieved August 14, 2013.
282. "Website from Pakistan Sector". goharshahi.pk. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.
283. "U of Massachusetts". Archived from the original on July 14, 2012. Retrieved February 16, 2012.

External links

[REDACTED] Media related to Former Muslims at Wikimedia Commons

• Islam-related lists
• Former Muslims
• Lists of religious converts