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Avhustyn Voloshyn (Ukrainian: Августин Волошин, 1874–1945) was a Subcarpathian politician, teacher, and essayist. He was president of independent Carpatho-Ukraine, which existed for a few days in 1939.
Voloshyn was born in 1874 in Kelesin, Subcarpathia (province of Hungary). He studied at Uzhhorod School of Theology and at Budapest University. He became a Greek Catholic priest, from 1924 a Papal chamberer. He was professor of mathematics at Uzhhorod Teacher Institute from 1900 to 1917. In 1918, he became head of the Subcarpathian National Council, which in 1919 begged Czechoslovakia to confederate Subcarpathia into Czechoslovakia. This was realised in Autumn 1919. In 1925, he was voted as MP in Houses of Parliament in Prague. In October 1938, he was the head of the Subcarpathian Autonomous Region. During the total destruction of Czechoslovakia by Hitler's Germany, he tried to preserve Subcarpathian independence and became president of Carpatho-Ukraine for a few days (March 14, 1939) with the help of the rest of the Czechoslovakian army, which was fighting against the Hungarians, allies of Hitler. On March 19, 1939, the last Czechoslovakian troops retreated to the Romanian Kingdom's border, which was Czechoslovakia's ally. Subcarpathia was occupied by Hungary.
Voloshyn fled to Prague, where he lived as private person. In March 1945, the Soviet Red Army occupied Subcarpathia, set the Subcarpathians under communist dictatorship, and annexed Subcarpathia to Soviet Ukraine. The leftist government of Czechoslovakia did nothing against this. The Subcarpathians were robbed of their citizenship of Czechoslovakia, became "Russians," and many were arrested and sent into gulags and concentration camps in the USSR. Private property in Subcarpathia was confiscated and the land collectivised.
When Soviet troops occupied Prague in May 1945, Avhustyn Voloshyn was kidnapped by the KGB and taken to Soviet Russia. He died in July 1945 in the prison of Butirki in Moscow, along with many other people kidnapped from Czechoslovakia by the Soviet secret service.
References
- Tomes, Josef. Biograficky Slovnik Vol. III.