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| بارتري | |
|---|---|
| Somali clan | |
| Languages | |
| Somali | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Abaskuul, Ogaden, Absame, Darod, and other Somali clans |
The Bartire (Somali: Bartirre, Arabic: بارتري), (or Barre Jidwaaq Absame) are a Somali sub clan, part of the Jidwaq of the major Absame branch, which whom belongs to the Darod clan. One of the largest Somali tribe-families.
Overview
Members of the Bartire clan primarily inhabit in the Somali Region of Ethiopia’s fertile and agricultural land. They reside near the city of Jigjiga stretching to the lower Fafan and upper parts of Jarar. Living in these regions along side the Abaskuul and Yabaree, which whom they make up Jidwaaq. The Bartire also live in Somalia, mainly in the southern region of Jubaland in the city of Bu'ale, and in Xagar near the city Kismayo. They also share borders with the Ogaden clan and Habar Awal of the Isaaq clan. Traditionally Jigjiga is the seat of the Bartire Garad Wiil-Waal.
History
The Habr Maqdi was a Somali confederation made up of the sub-clans Bartire and Yabaree now part of the Jidwaaq. The Bartire around the time of Adal Sultanate dynasty, in the 1500s were known for having a large army. They along with the Yabaree were also loyal to Imam Ahmed and fought in the Ethiopian-Adal War. During the Conquest of Abyssinia the sub-clans that comprised of Habar Maqdi frequently divided into two military factions. Ahmed Girri bin Hussein led the Yabarre sub-clan, while the Bartire sub-clan was commanded by a Malassay chief named Garad Dhaweyd.
It is well-documented that the Bartire sub-clan of the Habar Maqdi controlled the trade and caravan route to Berbera. The British explorer, scholar, and military officer Richard Burton, renowned for his African travels, highlighted the Bartire clan's longstanding connections with the Emirs of Harar.
Richard Burton writes
The Berteri, who occupy the Gurays Range, south of, and limitrophe to, the Gallas, and thence extend eastward to the Jigjiga hills, are estimated at 3000 shields. Whilst other animals have indigenous names, the horse throughout the) Of Darud origin, they own allegiance to the Gerad Hirsi, and were, when I visited the country, on bad terms with the Girhi. The chiefs family has, for several generations, been connected with the Amir's of Harar, and the caravan's route to and from Berberah lying through his country, makes
Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi or better know as Wiil-Waal (Somali: Garaad Xirsi Faraax Xirsi Wiil-Waal, Amharic: ገራድ ዊልዋል) was a traditional Somali king who lived in the 19th century and hails from the Bartire Jidwaaq subclan of the major Darod clan. According to historical records the king was a man of strong, judgment and wisdom. He was a leader who spent most of his life in constant raids and defenses. He ruled and liberated the Somalis from the Galla Oromos in which is now apart of Jigjiga and its surrounding areas.
The story of Wiil Waal has been turned into a bilingual (English and Somali) children's picture book under the "Somali Bilingual Book Project" Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale by Kathleen Moriarty, with illustrations by Amin Amir and translation by Jamal Adam. It's aimed at teaching about Somali culture, wisdom, and the importance of clever thinking.
Lineage
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.
- Darod (Daarood bin Isma'il al-Jabarti)
Notable Figures
- Garad Kulmiye Mohammed Dool (Wiil-Waal), The current Bartire Garad of the Absame and leader of the Somali Region Council of Elders.
Garad Kulmiye Garad Mohammed Garad Dool - Hasan Muhumed (Xasan Daadhi), Current Minister of Water Resources for the Somali Region.
- Garad Hirsi Farah Hirsi (Wiil-Waal), Ruler, The 17th Bartire Garad of the Absame. The Jigjiga Airport (JIJ) is named after him.
See Also
References
Citations
- Ciisa-Salwe, Cabdisalaam M. (1996). The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy. HAAN. ISBN 978-1-874209-27-0.
- Wimmer, Andreas (2020-04-28). Nation Building: Why Some Countries Come Together While Others Fall Apart. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-20294-5.
- "Somalia: Minorities and indigenous peoples". Minority Rights Group International. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- Lewis, Ioan M (July 1959). "Clanship and Contract in Northern Somaliland". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute. 29 (3): 274–293. doi:10.2307/1157617. JSTOR 1157617. S2CID 143243256. Retrieved 18 September 2019.
- Brons, Maria (2001). Society, Security, Sovereignty and the State in Somalia: From Statelessness to Statelessness?. International Books. ISBN 978-90-5727-038-3.
- "Somalia: Information on current situation of the Bartire subclan of the Darod, including where they are located". Somali specialist, political science department, Davidson College. 26 September 1996. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- Hagmann, Tobias; Péclard, Didier (2011). Negotiating Statehood: Dynamics of Power and Domination in Africa. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1002/9781444395587.ch1. ISBN 978-1-4443-9558-7.
- Coger, Greta M. (1996-05-30). New Perspectives on Margaret Laurence: Poetic Narrative, Multiculturalism, and Feminism. Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-0-313-29042-8.
- Shihāb, al-Dīn Aḥmad (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia 16th Century. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 49. ISBN 9780972317252.
- al-Dīn, Shihāb (2003). The Conquest of Abyssinia. Tsehai Publishers & Distributors. p. 125. ISBN 0972317260.
- "Cahiers d'études africaines". Cahiers d'études africaines. 2: 30. 1961 – via Google books.
- Francis Burton, Sir Richard (1856). "First Footsteps in East Africa". An Explanation of Harar: 278.
- "First Footsteps in East Africa An Explanation of Harar". Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1856. p. 278. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- islamicschoollibrarian (2022-03-30). "Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale retold by Kathleen Moriarty illustrated by Amin Amir and Somali translation by Jamal Adam". Islamic School Librarian. Retrieved 2024-12-09.
- ^ Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- Burton, Sir Richard Francis (1856). First Footsteps in East Africa: Or, An Explanation of Harar. Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
- Wiil Waal: A Somali Folktale. Minnesota Humanities Center/Somali Bilingual Book Project. 2007. ISBN 978-1-931016-17-9.
- Somalia Assessment, 2001 October Country Information and Policy Unit, Home Office, Great Britain, Annex B: Somali Clan Structure Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine p. 43
- Worldbank, Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics Archived 2011-07-16 at the Wayback Machine p.55 Figure A-1