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|---|---|
| 1604–1828 | |
 "Yerevan Khanate c. 1800." | |
| Status | khanate |
| Capital | Nakhichevan |
| History | |
| • Established | 1604 |
| • Disestablished | 1828 |
The Khanate of Nakhichevan (Template:Lang-az; Template:Lang-fa) was a feudal state in the southern Caucasus, subordinate to the Persian Shahs, and named after its chief settlement, the town of Nakhichivan. Its territory was similar to the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, except that it extended further north (as far as Jermuk in present-day Armenia) but did not include Sharur (the present-day Şərur and Sədərək districts of Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic).
History
Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of Čoḵūr Saʿd, but later came to be ruled by a separate khan. Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, Shah ʿAbbās I appointed Maqṣud Sultan, a leader of a Turkic tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in Persian Armenia, on the shores of the Aras" as governor of Nakhichevan. Later that year, Ottoman forces threatened the area, Shah Abbas ordered Maqsud Sultan to evacuate the entire population of the Nakhichevan region (including the Armenians of Jolfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to Isfahan) to Qaraja Dag (Arasbaran) and Dezmar.
During the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813, in 1808 Russian forces under general Gudovich briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the Treaty of Gulistan it was returned to Persian control.
During the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828, in 1827 Abbas Mirza appointed Ehsan Khan Kangarlu as commander of Abbasabad, a fortress of strategic importance for the defense of the Nakhichevan khanate. After heavy losses in an attempt to take the fortress by escalade on July 14, the Russians mounted a siege. Ehsan Khan secretly contacted the Russian commander, General Paskevich, and opened the gates of the fortress to him on 22 July 1827. With the Treaty of Turkmenchay, in 1828 the khanate became a Russian possession and Ehsan Khan was rewarded with the governorship, conferred the rank of major-general of the Russian army and the title of campaign ataman of the Kangarly militia.
The abolition of the khanate
In 1828 the khanates of Erivan and Nakhichivan were dissolved and their territories united to form the Armenian Province ("Armianskaia Oblast"). In 1840 that province was dissolved and its territory incorporated into a larger new province, the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate ("Gruziia-Imeretiia"). This new division did not last long – in 1845 a vast new territory called the Caucasian Territory ("Kavkazskii Krai") or Caucasian Viceregency ("Kavkazskoe Namestnichestvo") was created, in which the former Armenian Province formed part of a subdivision named the Tiflis Governorate. In 1849 the Erivan Governorate was established, separate from the Tiflis Governorate. It included the territory of the former Nakhchivan khanate, which became the province's Nakhichevan uyezd.
After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan became known in the Russian empire by the surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered military service. Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian tsarist, Soviet and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded orders of Saint-George IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski, was a prominent Russian military commander and adjutant general of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.
Rulers
- 1747-1787 - Heydargulu Khan
- Haji Khan Kangarli
- Rahim Khan
- Aligulu Khan
- Valigulu Khan
- Abbasgulu Khan
- Jafargulu Khan
- 1787-1823 - Kalbali Khan
- Abbasgulu Khan Kangarli
- Mahammadbagir Khan
- 1823-1828 - Ehsan Khan
- 1828-1834 - Karim Khan Kangarli
Notes
- Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.
- Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. p. 32.
- ^ Oberling, P. "Kangarlu". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Template:Ru icon Записки о службе генерал-фельдмаршала графа И. В. Гудовича, составленные им самим
- ^ Ekbal, Kamran. "ʿAbbāsābād (2)". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, p173.
- Template:Ru icon Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.
- Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia, Baku, 1983, vol. 7, p. 176