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Revision as of 13:45, 9 February 2009 by Shahin Giray (talk | contribs) (Undid revision 269503045 by Brandmeister (talk)Reason? blind revert. no explanation.)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)| Khanate of Nakhichevan | |
|---|---|
| 1604–1828 | |
 "Yerevan Khanate c. 1800." | |
| Status | khanate |
| Capital | Nakhichevan |
| History | |
| • Established | 1604 |
| • Disestablished | 1828 |
The Khanate of Nakhichevan (Template:Lang-fa) was a province of Persia from the 1604 to 1828. Its territory corresponded to most of the present-day Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic and central parts of present-day Armenia.
As a result of the Persian defeat in the last Russo-Persian War, it was ceded to the Russian Empire in accordance with the Treaty of Turkmenchay. Immediately following this, the territories of the former Khanate of Erevan and Nakhichevan were joined to form the Armenian oblast.
History
Initially the territory of Nakhichevan was part of Čoḵūr Saʿd, but later came to be ruled by a separate khan. Shortly after the capture of Erevan in 1604, Shah Abbas I appointed Maqsud Sultan, a leader of a Turkic tribe named Kangarlu, described by J. M. Jouannin as “a small tribe established in Persian Armenia," as governor of Nakhichevan. Later that year, Ottoman forces threatened the area, Shah ʿAbbās ordered Maqṣud Sultan to evacuate the entire population of the Nakhicevan region (including the Armenians of Jolfa, who, in the following year, were transplanted to Isfahan) to Qaraja Dag (Arasbaran) and Dezmar.
During the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813, in 1808 Russian forces under general Gudovich briefly occupied Nakhichevan, but as a result of the Treaty of Gulistan it was returned to Persian control.
During the second Russian-Persian war Abbasabad, a fortress of special strategic importance for the defense of the Nakhichevan khanate was betrayed to the Russians. In 1827 ʿAbbās Mīrzā entrusted the stronghold to Ehsan Khan Kangarlu, of a local family of dubious loyalty to the Qajars. After heavy losses in an attempt to take the fortress by escalade on July 14, the Russians mounted a siege. Eḥsān Khan secretly contacted the Russian commander, General Paskevich, and opened the gates of the fortress to him on the July 22, 1827. With the fall of Abbasabad, Nakhichevan became a Russian province and Eḥsān Khan was rewarded with the governorship and conferred the rank of major-general of the Russian army and the title of campaign ataman of the Kangarly militia.
The abolition of the khanate
After the dissolution, the khans of Nakhichevan became known in the Russian empire by the surname Khan Nakhichevanski, and the men of its family traditionally entered military service. Six Khans Nakhchivanski became generals in the Russian tsarist, Soviet and Iranian armies. Two sons of Ehsan khan - Ismail khan and Kalbali khan - were generals in the Russian army and were awarded orders of Saint-George IV degree for their actions in battle. A son of Kalbali khan, Huseyn Khan Nakhichevanski, was a prominent Russian military commander and adjutant general of the Russian Emperor, and his nephews, Jamshid and Kalbali, were generals in the Soviet and Iranian armies respectively.
Rulers
- 1747-1787 Haydar Quli Khan
- 1787-1823 Kalb` Ali Khan
- 1823-1828 Ehsan Khan
- 1828-1834 Karim Khan Kangarli
Notes
- Oberling, P. "ĀYRĪMLŪ". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Hewsen, Robert H. Armenia: a Historical Atlas. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2001, map 149.
- Bournoutian, George A. (1992). The Khanate of Erevan Under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828. p. 32.
- ^ Oberling, P. "Kangarlu". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - ^ Ekbal, Kamran. "ʿAbbāsābād (2)". Encyclopedia Iranica. Retrieved 2009-02-1.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help) - Template:Ru icon Иванов Р. Н. Именем Союза Советских… Жизнь и гибель комбрига Нахичеванского. — М.: Герои Отечества, 2007.
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