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Aigun (simplified Chinese: 瑷珲; traditional Chinese: 璦琿; pinyin: Àihún; Manchu: Aihūn hoton) was a historic town of China in northern Manchuria, situated on the right bank of the Amur River. The Chinese name of the town, which literally means "Bright Jade", is a transliteration of the original Manchu name of the town.
Now-a-day the former city of Aigun is called Aihui town (爱辉镇); it is the center of the Aihui District (爱辉区), which administratively is part of the prefecture-level city of Heihe, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China. It is located some 30 km south (downstream) from the central urban area of Heihe.
History
Formerly known as Saghalien Ula hoton (Manchu: sahaliyan ulai hoton Chinese: 黑龍江城 Mandarin : Heilongjiangsheng, the town was founded first on the left bank of the Amur River, below the mouth of the Zeya, but was abandoned, and the present town was founded in 1684. For a few years it served as the capital (the seat of the Military Governor) of Heilongjiang Province, until the capital was moved to Nenjiang (Mergen) in 1690.
It was here that Nikolay Muravyov concluded, in May 1857, the Aigun Treaty, according to which the left bank of the Amur River was conceded to Russia.
During the Boxer Rebellion of 1900 Aigun was, for a few weeks, the center of military action directed against the Russians.
In 1913 Aigun became the county seat of the newly-created Aigun County (瑷珲县, Aihun xian), which was in December 1956 renamed Aihui County (爱辉县). On November 15, 1980, Heihe City was created, and on June 6, 1983, Aihui County was abolished, being merged into the Heihe City.
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
- Edmonds, Richard Louis (1985). Northen Frontiers of Qing China and Tokugawa Japan: A Comparative Study of Frontier Policy. University of Chicago, Department of Geography; Research Paper No. 213. pp. 115–117. ISBN 0-89065-118-3.
- 爱辉区概况 (Aihui District overview) Template:Zh icon
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50°16′N 127°28′E / 50.267°N 127.467°E / 50.267; 127.467
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