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Revision as of 01:26, 5 August 2009 by 94.219.209.17 (talk) (''Afghanistan'' did not existed. It was Khorasan and Farukhzad was a Tajik. His background was somewhere from Khojand and Dushanbve)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff)| Fariduddin Ganjshakar | |
|---|---|
| Personal life | |
| Other names | Baba Fareed |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam, specifically the Chishti Sufi order |
| Senior posting | |
| Based in | Pakpattan |
| Period in office | Early 13th century |
| Predecessor | Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki |
| Successor | Various, including Nizamuddin Auliya and Alauddin Sabir Kaliyari |
Hazrat Bābā Farīduddīn Mas'ūd Ganjshakar (Template:Lang-fa, Template:Lang-pa, ਫ਼ਰੀਦ-ਉਦ-ਦੀਨ ਗੰਜਸ਼ਕਰ) (1173-1266) or (1188 (584 Hijri) - May 7, 1280 (679 Hijri)) , commonly known as Baba Farid (Punjabi: بابا فرید, ਬਾਬਾ ਫ਼ਰੀਦ) was a 12th century Sufi preacher and saint of the Chishti Order of South Asia.
Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar, a Muslim Sufi, is generally recognized as the first major poet of the Punjabi language and is considered one of the pivotal saints of the Punjab region. Revered by Muslims and Hindus, he is also considered one of the fifteen Sikh Bhagats within Sikhism and his selected works form part of the Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh sacred scripture.. Some Muslims object to the inclusion of 5 Muslims including Baba Farid among the Sikh Bhagats especially since some like Baba Farid had died long before Sikhism was founded (See Sufi saints in holy Guru Granth Sahib Ji).
Life and Genealogy
Bābā Farīd was born in 1188 or 1173 CE (584 Hijri) at Kothewal village, 10 km from Multan in the Punjab region of Pakistan, to Jamāl-ud-dīn Suleimān and Maryam Bībī (Qarsum Bībī), daughter of Sheikh Wajīh-ud-dīn Khojendī . He was a descendant of the Farrūkhzād,(known as Jamāl-ud-Dawlah, a Persian (Tajik) King of eastern Khorasan .
He was the grandson of Shaykh Shu'aib who was the grandson of Farrukh Shah Kabuli, the king of Kabul and Ghazna. When Farrukh Shāh Kābulī was killed by the Mongol hordes invading Kabul, Farīd’s grandfather Shaykh Shu'aib left Afghanistan and settled in the Punjab in 1125.
Farīd’s genealogy is summarized below:
- [Sar Halqa e Bandghan Eilh Syedna Sulman (Saman Shah)
From (Nassab o nisbat Farid}
Bābā Farīd received his early education at Multan, which had become a centre for education; it was here that he met his master murshid, Quṭbuddīn Bakhtiyār Kākī, a noted Sufi saint, who was passing through Multan, from Baghdad on his way to Delhi. . Upon completing his education, Farīd left for Sistan, and Kandahar and went to Mecca for the Hajj pilgrimage aged 16.
Once his education was over, he shifted to Delhi, where he learned the doctrine of his Master, Quṭbuddīn Bakhtiyār Kākī. He later moved to Hansi, Haryana.. When Quṭbuddīn Bakhtiyār Kākī died in 1235, Farīd left Hansi, and assumed the role of spiritual successor to his Master, though he did not settle in Delhi but in Ajodhan (the present Pakpattan, Pakistan). On his way to Ajodhan and passing through Faridkot, he met the 20-year old, Nizāmuddīn, who went on to become his disciple, and later his successor (khalīfah).
Bābā Farīd married Hazabara, daughter of Sulṭān Nasīruddīn Maḥmūd. The great Arab traveller, Ibn Baṭūṭah visited him. He says that he was the spiritual guide of the King of India, and that the King had given him the village of Ajodhan. he says that Shaikh Farīduddīn, as he calls him, was so careful about purity, that if his clothes touched those of another person he used to wash them. He also met Bābā Farīd's two sons. When Ibn Baṭūṭah was due to leave the Shaikh bade him farewell from the top floor of his house, and sent him some sugar as a parting gift. He died on the fifth of Muharram , Tuesday, 7 May 1266 CE (679 Hijri) during Namaz. His shrine (darbār) is in Dera Pindi, and his epitaph reads, "There is only one Farīd, though many spring forth from the bud of the flower".
Bābā Farīd's descendants, also known as Fareedi, Fareedies and Faridy, mostly carry the name Fārūqī, can be found in Pakistan, India and the diaspora.
Poetry
- Farīdā bhumi rangāvalī manjhi visūlā bāg
'Fareed, this world is beautiful, but there is a thorny garden within it'.
- Farīdā jo taīN mārani mukīāN tinhāN na mārē ghumm
'Fareed, do not turn around and strike those who strike you with their fists'.
- Farīdā jā lab thā nēhu kiā lab ta kūṛhā nēhu
'Fareed, when there is greed, what love can there be? When there is greed, love is false.'
- Kālē maiḍē kapṛē, kālā maiḍā wais,
GunahīN bhariyā maiN phirāN, Lōk kahaiN darvēsh
'Laden with my load of misdeeds,
I move about in the garb of black garments.
And the people see me and call me a dervish'.
- GallīN cikkaṛ dūr ghar, nāḷ piyārē nīNh,
ChallāN tē bhijjē kamblī, rahāN tāN ṭuṭṭē nīNh.
'My promise to my love, a long way to go and a muddy lane ahead
If I move I spoil my cloak; if I stay I break my word.'
Legacy
One of Farīd’s most important contributions to Punjabi literature is his development of the language for literary purposes. Whereas Sanskrit, Arabic, Turkish and Persian had historically been considered the languages of the learning, the elite and in monastic centers, Punjabi was generally considered a lesser refined folk language. Although earlier poets had written in a primitive Punjabi, there was little beyond Punjabi literature besides the range of traditional and anonymous ballads. By using Punjabi as the language of poetry, Farīd laid the basis for a vernacular Punjabi literature that would be developed later.
Amongst, famous people who visited his shrine over the centuries, are the famous scholar-explorer, Ibn Battuta, who visited in 1334 , and the Founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak Dev, who met the then head of the shrine, Sheikh Ibrāhīm, twice, and his meeting lead to the incorporation of 112 couplets (saloks), and four hymns by Bābā Farid, in the Sikh Holy Book, the Guru Granth Sahib, by the fifth Guru, Arjan Dev in 1604 .Guru Nanak was familiar with the verse of Bābā Farīd, and not only includes these verses in the Holy Book, but even comments on some of them. These verses are known to the Sikhs as the Farīd-Bānī; Guru Arjan Dev also added eighteen saloks from the Sikh Gurus, which add commentary to various of Bābā Farīd's work.
The city of Faridkot bears his name. According to legend, Farīd stopped by the city, then named Mokhalpūr, and sat in seclusion for forty days, near the fort of King Mokhal. The king was said to be so impressed by his presence that he named the city, after Bābā Farīd, which today is known as Tilla Bābā Farīd. The festival Bābā Sheikh Farād Āgman Purb Melā' is celebrated in September, each year, commemorating his arrival in the city . Ajodhan was also renamed as Farīd's 'Pāk Pattan', meaning 'Holy Ferry'; today it is generally called Pāk Pattan Sharīf..
Faridia Islamic University, at Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan is named after him , and in July 1998, the Punjab Government in India, established the Baba Farid University of Health Sciences at Faridkot, the city which itself was named after him .
Various accounts are related as to why Bābā Farīd was given the title Shakar Ganj ('Treasure of Sugar'); one legend tells how his mother used to encourage the young Farīd to pray by placing sugar under his prayer mat. Once, when she forgot, the young Farīd found the sugar anyway, an experience that gave him more spiritual fervour and led to his being given the name. .
His Shrine
His mazār (shrine) is located in Pākpattan Sharīf. Khawaja Nizamuddin Aulia constructed his tomb. The shrine has two doors, namely the Nūrī Darwāza or 'Gate of Light' and the Bahishtī Darwāza, or 'Gate of Paradise'. The Bahishtī Darwāza is opened once a year and, during the fair held on that occasion, thousands of people pass through it. The door itself is made of silver, on which floral designs are inlaid in gold leaf . Thousands of devotees come to visit the shrine daily from within the country and from abroad. His 'urs (death anniversary) is celebrated every year on the fifth, sixth and seventh of the Islamic month of Muharram.
Further reading
- Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873 – 1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363.
- Pakpattan and Baba Farid Ganj-i-Shakar, by Muhammad Abdullah Caghtai. Kitab Khana Nauras, 1968.
- Baba Sheikh Farid: Life and teachings, by Gurbachan Singh Talib. Baba Farid Memorial Society, 1973.
- Baba Farid (Makers of Indian literature), by Balwant Singh Anand, Sahitya Akademi, 1975.
- Baba Farid-ud-Din Masud Ganj-i-Shakar, by Jafar Qasimi. Islamic Book Foundation. 1978.
- Sheikh Baba Farid aur unka Kavya, by Jayabhagavan Goyal. 1998, Atmarama & Sons. ISBN 817043081X.
- Savanih hayat Baba Farid Ganj-i Shakar, by Pir Ghulam Dastgir Nami. Madni Kutub Khanah.
- Baba Farid Ganjshakar, by Shabbir Hasan Cishti Nizami. Asthana Book Depot.
- Love is his own power: The slokas of Baba Farid. 1990, ISBN 8171891357.
- Hazrat Baba Farid-ud-Din Masood Ganj Shakar, by Sheikh Parvaiz Amin Naqshbandy. Umar Publications, 1993.
- Baba Farid di dukh–chetana, by Sarawan Singh Paradesi. 1996, Ravi Sahitya Prakashan, ISBN 8171432352.
- Hymns of Sheikh Farid, by Brij Mohan Sagar. South Asia Books, 1999. ISBN 0836459857.
- Sheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6.
- Faridnama, by Shiekh Farid , Zahid Abrol (Translator), 2003 Ajanta Book, ISBN 9788120205871.
References
- ^ "Baba Sheikh Farid Shakarganj (1173 - 1266 A.D.)". Sandeep Singh Bajwa. Retrieved 2008-05-02.
- The book Siyar-ul Awliyā', one of the earliest sources, he was born in 569 AH /1173 CE; the slightly later work Fawā'id-ul Fu'ād gives the date as 571 AH/1175 CE.)
- ^ Shrine of Baba Farid at Pakpattan
- ^ Sheikh Farid, by Dr. Harbhajan Singh. Hindi Pocket Books, 2002. ISBN 81-216-0255-6. Page 11.
- Sikh Bhagats : Baba Sheikh Farid Ji - Biography
- ^ Sufis - Wisdom against Violence The South Asian, April, 2001.
- ^ Sheikh Fariduddin Ganj-i-Shakar Ain-e-Akbari by Abul Fazal, English translation, by H. Blochmann and Colonel H. S. Jarrett, 1873 – 1907. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta; Volume III, Saints of India. (Awliyá-i-Hind), page 363.
- Hazrat Baba Fariduddin Ganj-e-Shakar - Biography Sufi Study Circle of Toronto.
- Baba Sheikh Farid Shakarganj - Biography www.punjabilok.com.
- former name - Ajay Vardhan.
- ^ Pakpatthan Town The Imperial Gazetteer of India, 1090, v. 19, p. 332.
- Pashaura Singh, 'The Bhagats of the Guru Granth Sahib', Ch. 2 'Bani Shaikh Farid Ji Ki. Pg.44. (OUP 2003.)
- Ibid.
- Manns draw crowds at Baba Farid Mela The Tribune, September 25, 2007.
- Tilla Baba Farid The Tribune, September 25, 2007.
- former name - Ajay Vardhan.
- Faridia Islamic University
- Introduction Baba Farid University of Health Sciences Official website.
- "District: Faridkot" (PDF). National Informatics Centre, Punjab State Unit, Chandigarh. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
- The original was probably the Persian Ganj-i Shakar, with the same meaning.
See also
- Ata Hussain Fani Chishti
- Kabir
- Chishti
- Faridi
- Farooqi
- List of mausolea
- Khwaja Maudood Chishti
- Khwaja Wali Kirani
External links
Poetry links
Video links
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