Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Otto Placik (talk | contribs) at 22:56, 22 September 2011 (→Surgical procedures: Layout corrections; pertinent medical anatomic image.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Clitoral hood reduction is a plastic surgery procedure for reducing the size and area of the clitoral prepuce in order to expose the clitoris; the therapeutic goals for the woman are improvement of her sexual function, and the aesthetic refinement of her vulvo-vaginal complex. The reduction of the clitoral prepuce tissues usually is a sub-ordinate surgery within a labiaplasty (labia minora reduction) procedure, and occasionally within a vaginoplasty procedure.

Surgical procedures

The procedures for labiaplasty occasionally include a clitoral hood reduction. One technique for reducing the clitoral hood is the bilateral excision (cutting) of the prepuce tissues covering the clitoris, with especial attention to maintaining the clitoris in the midline. Another technique cuts away (excises) the redundant folds of clitoral prepuce tissue, with incisions parallel to the long axis of the clitoris.

Clitoral hood reduction is included to the wedge resection labiaplasty technique, wherein the extension of the exterior wedge sections is applied to reducing the prepuce tissues of the clitoris. Yet, occasionally excess prepuce-skin, in the center of the clitoral hood, is removed with separate incisions.

Results

The functional and asethetic improvements of the vulvo-vaginal complex indicate that labiaplasty procedures have a high-rate of patient satisfaction with the surgical outcome, and a low incidence rate of medical complications.

The study Aesthetic Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction using Extended Central Wedge Resection (2008) reported that a 407-woman cohort indicated a 98 per cent satisfaction rate with the outcomes of their labial reduction surgeries. The average patient satisfaction score was 9.2 points on a 10-point scale; 95 per cent of the women experienced reduced physical discomfort; 93 per cent of women experienced improved self esteem; 71 per cent of women experienced improvement in their sex lives; one woman (0.6%) reported a worsened sex life after the surgical reduction of her clitoral prepuce; and 4.4 per cent of the women experienced significant medical complications.

Moreover, the study Expectations and Experience of Labial Reduction: A Qualitative Study (2007) reported that women who underwent labiaplasty held great expectations for the surgical results of the labial reduction; that it would improve the vulvar appearance, eliminate physical discomfort, and improve her sex life. Although most of the women experienced improved self-esteem subsequent to the aesthetic refinement of the vulva, the study also indicated that formal psychological counselling, about what to expect and what not to expect from a labial reduction procedure, was required to better serve the woman by assisting her in establishing realistic expectations about the plastic surgery procedure.

In the report ACOG Advises Against Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures Due to Lack
of Safety and Efficacy Data (2007), the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) officially stated that “women who want to improve their sexual response should be evaluated for sexual dysfunction, and non-surgical interventions, including counselling, should be considered”, because of the lack of published studies that assess the technical safety of the surgical procedures, the incidence rates of medical complications, and the long-term satisfaction of the woman with the outcome of the corrective surgery to her vulvo-vaginal complex.

References

1. Mirzabeigi MN, Moore JH Jr, Mericli AF, Bucciarelli P, Jandali S, Valerio IL, Stofman GM. Current Trends in Vaginal Labioplasty: A Survey of Plastic Surgeons. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2011 PMID 21346521
2. Felicio Y. Labial Surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2007. 27:3;322–328.
3. Hunter JG. Considerations in Female External Genital Aesthetic Surgery Techniques. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2008. 28:1;106–107.
4. Alter GJ. Aesthetic Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction Using Extended Central Wedge Resection. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008. 122:6; 1780–1789.
5. Felicio Y. Labial Surgery. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2007. 27:3;322–328.
6. Alter GJ. Aesthetic Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction Using Extended Central Wedge Resection. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008. 122:6; 1780–1789.
7. Scholten E. Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery — The Future. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery. doi:10.1016/j.bps.2009.01.002.
8. Mirzabeigi MN, Moore JH, Mericli AF, Bucciarelli P, Jandali S, Valerio IL, Stofman GM. Current Trends in Vaginal Labioplasty: A Survey of Plastic Surgeons. Annals of Plastic Surgery. 2011. PMID 21346521
9. Alter GJ. Aesthetic Labia Minora and Clitoral Hood Reduction Using Extended Central Wedge Resection. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008. 122:6; 1780–1789.
10. Bramwell R, Morland C, Garden AS. Expectations and Experience of Labial Reduction: A Qualitative Study. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2007. 114(12);1493–1499.
11. 11 Di Saia JP. An Unusual Staged Labial Rejuvenation. Journal of Sexual Medicine. 2008:5;1263–1267.
12. American College of Gynecologists. ACOG Advises against Cosmetic Vaginal Procedures due to Lack of Safety and Efficacy Data. 1 September 2007.

http://www.acog.org/from_home/publications/press_releases/nr09-01-07-1.cfm

• Genital modification
• Plastic surgery
• Surgical removal procedures