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Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc., manages a group of public charter schools in New York City that offer tuition-free multidisciplinary college-focused education, primarily to Manhattan's, the Bronx's, Brooklyn's, and Queens' children. Their students, most of them starting with disadvantages, have been consistently achieving some of the highest test scores in the state. Their CEO is Eva Moskowitz, a former City Councilmember who has retained political affiliations benefiting the schools.

The schools are growing both from kindergarten with plans to reach eighth grade and from one school with plans to become 30–60 schools. New students are accepted only for kindergarten through third grade. The Mayor planned to ask for faster expansion. Schools are in lower-income and middle-income communities. Admission applications for students are several times greater than the number of seats available, a lottery being run for final decisions.

Class sizes tend to be somewhat larger than in public noncharter schools, allowing, according to Moskowitz, more funds per class for higher teacher pay, technology, and other support. Instead of teaching merely to pass tests, emphasis is placed on encouraging curiosity, doing science experiments, going on field trips, reading books including at home with parents, proving math solutions, playing chess for strategy, and thinking of college even in kindergarten. Tests and other assessments are frequent. Compared to noncharter public schools, the school day and year are longer, teachers have more class preparation time, and principals observe more classes per day. Videos of good teaching are shared by teachers and those who do not manage and teach well can be more easily replaced because they do not have tenure.

The schools share classroom space with public noncharter schools where noncharters have rooms available, and the co-location has been controversial. Success Academies' students' high achievements on statewide math and English tests have been cited as refuting an assertion that poverty makes education less likely. Controversy has centered on whether students with special needs and students for whom English is not a native language are adequately served; claims are stated on both sides of that issue, and Success Academies teach English quickly, resulting in fewer students being considered English language learners compared to numbers of students in public noncharter schools.

Schools

The Success Academy (SA) schools open or to be opened in New York, N.Y., are a group of charter schools offering kindergarten through, depending on the school, seventh-grade education, with plans to add a grade each year until the group reaches eighth grade and possibly through high school. Full-day pre-kindergarten opened in one school and 4-year-olds may be enrolled for developmental kindergarten, from which they can progress the next year into kindergarten or into first grade.

According to the State University of New York as the charter authorizer for Success Academies Harlem 2, 3, and 4 in 2007, "the Schools' mission would be to provide New York City elementary students, particularly those from economically-disadvantaged neighborhoods, with the knowledge, skills, character, and disposition to meet and exceed New York State standards and give them the resources to lead and succeed in school, college, and life" and, according to the SA schools group respecting some new schools, "a competitive global economy." The SA schools group in 2013 proposed for its new elementary schools, planned to open in August, 2014, that they "serve low-income and/or mixed-income populations residing within the neighborhood or .... to educate all students at the same high level, irrespective of socioeconomic, racial, ethnic, and/or other status", arguing "that economically and racially integrated school settings provide important benefits to both students and the community", that "students from low-income families benefit academically from attending mixed-income schools, and the establishment of high-quality mixed-income schools raises the bar generally for lagging middle-class schools."

Success Academy Charter Schools (SACS), after trustees applied for a charter in 2005, was operating in 2006 with Success Academy Harlem 1, then known as Harlem Success Academy 1. Founders Joel Greenblatt and John Petry chose Harlem as the first community because "many/most of the Harlem schools have underperformed for years, if not decades." Charters have been authorized by the State University of New York (SUNY) Charter Schools Institute, generally. Future plans include opening 30–60 schools in total or an "open-ended" number (according to Moskowitz) in 10 years, which some say may be too fast, which Moskowitz said depends primarily on "personnel", and which is subject to the State's limit or cap on how many charters may be granted to all school organizations in total. In 2012, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg planned to ask the Success Academies to expand faster.

Institutional "autonomy" is "the single greatest ingredient of success", in that "in exchange for freedom" " deliver student achievement results", because " freedom ... you would get the same results district schools get", according to Moskowitz in testimony to Congress in 2010.

Relevance of poverty

Diane Ravitch said that poverty impedes children's education. Former City schools chancellor Joel Klein said that has been discredited by Success Academies' achievements with students from low-income families. Moskowitz said that Success Academies have shown that "the problem is not the children" and that the grownups have to deliver education. In comparison with the multiservice approach of Harlem Children's Zone, Success Academy uses a single-service model: by educating children so they can go to college, Moskowitz said "they will get out of poverty."

Demographics

Students at the first schools to open came mostly from lower-income families. Since the opening of Success Academy Upper West on Manhattan's Upper West Side, more middle-class families have been brought into the student body. According to Lisa M. Collins, there's a "wide mix" or diversity of students in Success Academy Upper West. Students come from all 32 zoned districts across the city, according to Robert Myers and the SA schools group. The diversity varies by school, which, according to Moskowitz, is "reflective of the community" because "we really want to be a neighborhood school", thus Success Academies are "somewhat subject to the racial and socio-economic segregation of the city". According to Steven Brill, the integration of middle-class families into school enrollment increases classroom diversity and, since middle class adults are more likely to vote, their sending their children to a Success Academy likely increases political support for charter schools. Moskowitz said that Success Academy Upper West is more diverse than P.S. 9 nearby, with 65% of students at the Academy being Black and Hispanic against only 30% at P.S. 9.

Community saturation

According to C. Zawadi Morris, "more than 40 percent of eligible kindergartners from Central Harlem applied to a Success Academy school."

Class and school size, attendance, and attrition

Class sizes tend to have a few more students than public noncharter schools do, because, Brill wrote, the quality of teaching is more important and, because State funding is paid on a per-pupil basis, larger classes mean receiving more State funding per class, available for teacher compensation and support, according to Moskowitz. The students-to-teacher ratio, in the 2010–2011 school year at Success Academy Harlem 1, according to the school, based on full-time-equivalent classroom teachers, was 28-to-1. According to Moskowitz in 2013, 30–32 students are in each class, including in kindergarten. On the other hand, according to Josh Rogers, reading groups have about 6–8 students each, with students grouped by ability. According to Moskowitz in 2013, the schools have "homogenous groupings and ... small group instruction."

School sizes ranged from 131 to 644 students per school in August, 2012. For the 6 schools proposed to open in Fall, 2013, each would open for 188 students in kindergarten and 1st grade and grow for 689 students through 5th grade, with plans through 8th grade.

Student attrition rates for the schools Success Academies Harlem 2, 3, and 4 are similar to those for noncharter schools.

Student attendance rates at Success Academy Harlem 1 in the school years beginning 2006–2010 were 96–97%, according to the school.

High school

The SA schools group has proposed to open a high school for the 8th grade graduates of Success Academy Harlem 1, and the State is considering authorizing it for 2014, and so is the City. According to a school official, there's no promise to do the same for all of the Success Academies. Eventually, approximately 2,000 8th-graders are expected to graduate from Success Academies annually and to need high school education.

Names

In 2012, the schools were renamed to their present names, with regard to the names promoted on the SA school group's official website and used in some other media. Formerly, they were the Harlem Success Academies, Upper West Success Academy, Brooklyn Success Academy, and Bronx Success Academies (some school names also had numbers). Other names are used for some official purposes, such as in legal filings and on government websites. Success Charter Network, Inc. (SCN), was renamed to Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc., also referred to as Success Academy Charter Schools – NYC.

Logo

The logo, shown in the Infobox of this article, is basically an orange serif capital letter "S" above a blue serif capital letter "A", the letters intertwined, the bottom of the "S" forming the crossbar of the "A", with the letters in front of the sun, the sun and the letters resting on top of what may be an architectural column of a building.

Academics

Goal and philosophy

According to Elissa Gootman, Moskowitz "describes the ... Success educational philosophy as a mix of the liberal Bank Street College of Education approach and the traditional Catholic school model." According to SUNY considering in 2007 an application to open 3 schools, "the Schools ... would implement a set of educational programs that have already had demonstrated success at PS 65Q (in Queens)". According to reporters quoting a school official, "our goal has always been college graduation". The school culture, according to the schools, is "that every child can graduate from college", that students should "go 'Beyond Z'" as inspired by Dr. Seuss' book On Beyond Zebra and think creatively, and practice "ACTION Values", with "A.C.T.I.O.N." expanded by the schools as "Agency" (meaning to "take responsibility"), "Curiosity", "Try & Try", "Integrity", "Others" (i.e., "look out for each other"), and "No Shortcuts", caring about community being reflected in participation in a food drive, according to Stephen Lorenzo and Bill Hutchinson.

Curriculum

Reading is taught via the Think Literacy program developed by Moskowitz and Success Academy literacy director Arin Lavinia, emphasizing reading for meaning, after using phonics books from the skills-centered Success for All methods, oriented to help academically disadvantaged students. According to Liz Benjamin, there is substantial reading and writing.

Math, in 2012, was taught using Success Academies' Think math curriculum, developed in-house after finding that no curriculum SA purchased met its needs. In 2010, it was being taught from TERC math for second grade and up, adapted for pacing. Instead of drilling students to memorize answers, students were taught why math works the way it does and were required to "prove" answers mathematically, even in first grade.

Science is taught daily, one of the few schools in the nation doing so for the earliest grades; and is taught to all grades.

Some classes are elective.

Methods

Parents have to sign contracts requiring students to arrive on time, in uniform, and with homework and that families attend events. Uniforms are blue and orange; and, according to the SA schools group respecting at least one school, a uniform violation may lead to discipline but won't bar class attendance. According to a teacher, Moskowitz told some parents, "our school is like a marriage, and if you don't come through with your promises, we will have to divorce." Kindergarten includes behavioral training for 2 weeks. This technique has been criticized by Prof. Pedro Noguera for grooming conformism. The result is not "frightening", according to Collins. The youngest students may still have heads in teachers' laps or fidget quietly, wrote Collins, and, according to Moskowitz and Collins, get 2 recesses a day and choice in play, and, according to Moskowitz and Collins, apart from direct instruction, a less-regimented day or, according to Megan Finnegan Bungeroth, "a very regimented environment." According to Moskowitz in 2013, direct instruction is limited to 10 minutes per subject per day, with the rest of a day given to practice, both guided and independent. According to Steven Thrasher, handshakes are required daily between students and the principal and between parents and teachers; and, according to Moskowitz in 2013, a principal should know every student by name.

Children are encouraged to be creative and, according to Success Academy Harlem 1, the schools "capitalize on ... natural curiosity", even dissecting squid. Children are also encouraged to engage in higher-order thinking and problem-solving. According to Moskowitz in 2013, students are expected to have evidence for their answers. They study or perform "constructivist math" (according to Moskowitz), science, robotics, block-building with a laboratory (playing with blocks), typing (according to SA), art (coordinated with other subjects for projects), social studies, geography, civics, creative writing, computer skills (according to SA), computer programming (according to SA), music, dancing, singing (according to SA for planned new SA schools), theater, and sports although, according to Isobel Markham, at Success Academy Harlem 1 the physical education time is less than the minimum required by the State. The pacing is fast, according to Morris. "Knowledge saturation is an important principle", according to Elizabeth Green. Students are all referred to in the schools as scholars. Kindergartners do 135 science experiments. Third graders, according to Moskowitz, read for an hour and a half a day in class. According to SUNY, the 2010 application to found Success Academy Bronx 3 proposed "100 minutes of daily reading instruction, 30 minutes of daily writing instruction, 80 minutes of daily mathematics, and daily exploratory-based science instruction totaling 4 and a half hours each week for each student". Chess is taught to all students to develop students' ability to strategize even for students with language difficulty, it has been taught to parents, students can enter tournament play beginning in the third grade, and a SA Harlem team won divisional second place at the National Chess Championships.

Field trips or field studies totaled about 4,662 studies in 2011–'12, Moskowitz told SUNY, and 950 a year earlier. Moskowitz said that, as far as she knew, "we do more field trips than any school in the country". Once a year, kindergartners go to a farm to study rural life, which is intended to help their English and math test scores, since some questions on tests are based on rural knowledge lacking in most city children. Students in other grades go on other nature trips. Moskowitz discounted criticism that other learning opportunities are needed more, saying that fun and learning can go together.

Students are encouraged to think of themselves as future college graduates. Homerooms are named after colleges and students' graduating classes are named by the year they potentially will graduate from college. Teachers tell students about their own college experiences before becoming teachers. About 200 kindergartners and first-graders in 2011 visited the campus of New York University. According to Success Academy Harlem 1, students attending from kindergarten through 8th grade "will have visited ... nine colleges, from community colleges to Ivy League universities".

Teaching is intended to intensively engage students through their participation and positive feedback. Rigorously high expectations are set for students; and one parent, according to Mark Morales, "wanted her son to be pushed academically." Teachers are discouraged from "talking down" to the students. In 2013, before increasingly rigorous state exams, the SA schools group held a centralized pep rally for around 1,500 students. Moskowitz said that the school is "against boredom", some students at Success Academy Harlem 2 told State inspectors in 2010 "that school is not boring but fun", and one kindergarten teacher at Success Academy Upper West described her approach to teaching as combining rigor with fun. Homework takes about 30 minutes for kindergartners and more for older students. Tutoring for students is provided, according to SA, and teachers are, according to Collins, "required to continually advance kids in reading, based on individual student proficiency levels", which lets teachers teach classes with students more often at similar ability levels. According to Moskowitz in 2013, while schools generally teach the same lessons on the same days to ease management, "all the teachers have flex re-teaching days". Remediation would be offered to individual students and small groups in math and literacy, under a proposal to open 3 of the schools, according to SUNY. Kindergartners may be taught 2nd-grade math and Success Academy Harlem 3rd-graders held a math bee. According to Moskowitz, Success Academies choose about "2,000 books per grade".

Assessments in school

Evaluation is every 2 months. Tests twice a year begin in kindergarten, although the State does not require them for first graders. One test administered in all Success Academies, as of the 2010–2011 school year, is "the Fountas & Pinnell Benchmark Assessment (F&P) ... to track performance and growth in reading." According to Thrasher, Moskowitz is opposed to "teaching to a test."

Schedules

The school day and year are longer than in most public noncharter schools, running, according to Brill, about 8–9 hours a day or, according to Michael Powell, 7:30 a.m. to 5:00 with evenings for marking homework and, according to Brill, with the school year starting in August. According to SUNY, 3 of the schools proposed in 2007 to provide 39 and a half hours weekly of instruction over 188 days. According to the schools, the students' year is from mid-August to mid-June and the students' hours start at 7:45 a.m. and kindergartners end their days at 4:00 p.m., 1st through 4th graders at 4:30 p.m., and 5th graders and up at 5:00 p.m. Breakfast would start at 7:15 a.m., according to the SA schools group in a proposal to open one school. Wednesdays are shorter, ending at noon for students, so teachers can have more preparation time.

Time during the day is carefully regulated for students and teachers. The SA schools group, for schools it proposes to open in August, 2014, plans about 4.5 hours weekly for math, reading, writing, and science. Students needing more work may stay for longer hours and possibly Saturdays, when teachers may help, if necessary, with tutorials and classes. Teachers get "a minimum of three to four hours a day of 'non-kid time' during their 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. workday."

Outdoor schoolyard activity is included, even on cooler days when public noncharter schools don't allow it. On a day with 8 inches of snow when all noncharter schools citywide had closed, Success Academy Harlem 1 opened for 4 hours. In the week of the storm named Sandy in 2012, when City noncharter schools closed, Success Academies also closed. On the day of the general election in 2012, when public noncharter schools closed, Success Academies were open for students.

Family and school

Parents and students can call teachers on their cell phones, which the school supplies to teachers. The principal is also available. Curricular information may be available to parents, according to Brill. According to school officials, parents may visit a school anytime, for half an hour for watching classwork.

Parents are required to read 6 books a week to their children, keeping a log of readings. According to Moskowitz, parents are told that TV is bad for children and that the school will give the family books. Students can choose what books to read at home. If parents can't read, the school supplies books on tape for children and parents to listen to together. In early 2011, the SA schools group announced that, since founding, 2,401 students had read one million books outside of school. In school, students read up to 12 books a week, 18 in kindergarten. One parent told Anya Kamenetz, "my son is challenged at Success and comes home with a curious mind every day."

According to Moskowitz in 2009, "e never blame children for not learning. If a 5-year-old doesn't do their homework, it's not the 5-year-old's fault. It's the adult's fault." If students are repeatedly late, both the students and their parents must come to school on Saturdays and if a student is chronically late the school makes wake-up phone calls to the family. A student who misbehaves by hitting may be suspended, even at age 5, so that they learn not to hit.

Family events, according to Success Academy Harlem 1, included family math nights, science fairs, music productions, art exhibitions, and soccer. Moskowitz told SUNY that, in 2011–'12, every school "hosted around 35 family academic events".

Professional development

Before students arrive each August, teachers prepare for 3 weeks to 30 days, when teaching methods are taught or refreshed in Teacher Success Academy (T School), to ensure that students will be engaged and understand the lessons, with passionate teaching and without infantilizing the students. In public noncharter schools, teacher preparation before students arrive is only one day long, said Moskowitz. Moskowitz said, "teachers spend three class periods a day learning lessons of their own." According to a school spokester and Moskowitz, over a year a teacher has 13 weeks of professional development, because schools of education often fail to do an "adequate job". According to Moskowitz and Lavinia, principals are trained for 8 weeks starting in the summer and then, during the year, develop their knowledge of teaching within Leader Study Groups and plan, practice, and analyze lessons.

As of 2009, a principal observed at least 2 teachers a day, in order to improve teaching; as of 2011, principals and assistant principals can each observe 4–5 classes a day; and, according to Moskowitz and Lavinia in 2012, Moskowitz may personally observe a kindergarten class 5–6 times a year. A principal, being a "personal coach" to lead teachers, may do an approximately-10-minute "speed observation" and immediately provide brief "real-time coaching" to the teacher through an earpiece. According to several sources, video recordings of teaching are made in class for several classes a week by every teacher and shared among peer and more-exerienced teachers, to improve pedagogy and classroom management. According to a State-sponsored inspection of Success Academy Harlem 3 in 2010, "teachers interviewed said .... that written feedback focused on what went well and the next steps the teacher should take to improve his or her instruction practices. One teacher said that the feedback was always helpful and that she never felt bad about any criticism she received. The principal attended grade level common planning meetings and also reviewed lesson plans." According to the 2010 State inspection of Success Academy Harlem 3, the principal sometimes paired teachers so a teacher better at a given ability would teach with a teacher who was a little short in that regard, to improve the latter.

Results

Success Academy students, most of them starting with disadvantages, have been consistently achieving some of the highest test scores in the state. A staff member's goal, according to Coplon, is to do "better than the Upper East Side." Moskowitz told Kyle Spencer, " benchmark her schools ... against the most prestigious private institutions in the city: The Brearley School, The Dalton School, Trinity School" and, she told Tod Robberson, "against the very, very best elite private schools", despite students' difficulties learning and "parents working three jobs". According to Success Academy Harlem 1, "the goal is to benchmark our students not against their U.S. counterparts, but more mathematically advanced countries such as Singapore, Korea, and Finland."

For the end of the 2010–2011 school year, 81% of 3rd-graders passed state English exams, whereas in nearby public schools in 2008–2009 only 56% of students passed. In mid-2012, state test results, according to Greg Hanlon, were "that 97 percent of Success Academy students passed math and 88 percent passed English, compared to 60 percent and 47 percent for city public schools as a whole." In statewide tests of 3rd-graders in 2009 on combined subjects, Harlem Success Academy (the former name for the schools) ranked 32nd out of almost 3500 schools. No student tested beneath basic standards and nearly half the students achieved the highest score (4 on a scale of 1–4). In English alone, no pupil was below standard and nearly a quarter received the top score. In math, no student was substandard and 7 in 10 got the top score, no school in the state doing better, Harlem Success tying for no. 1. Harlem Success outdid its surrounding district in English by almost 25 percentage points. In 2011, according to Moskowitz, 94% of Black students and 94% of Latin students in SA passed math, whereas only 73% of White students statewide did so, and 79% of Black students and 89% of Latin students in SA passed English, whereas only 66% of White students statewide did it.

According to Meredith Kolodner, critics said the comparison to students in the local public schools was "unfair", in that "bout 65% of Success students qualified for free lunch in 2007, which means they have a family income of 30% above the poverty level or less" and about 16% of District 5 students, and no Success students, were classified as not proficient in English.

In 2009, Moskowitz said that the statewide tests were "too easy", according to Javier C. Hernandez.

Evaluations and replications

In a comparison of Success Academy Harlem 1 (serving grades K–4) and the noncharter P.S. 149 (serving grades pre-K–8), which share a building, an observer found charter students more attentive, charter teachers required to meet with the principal after hours when that's voluntary on the noncharter side even with extra pay, and charter students outperforming noncharter students. Among 3rd graders, while almost no charter student was below grade level, no noncharter student was above grade level. This is in spite of class size being about one or two more per class in the charter school. Subsequently, Success Academy Harlem 1 was chosen by the U.S. Department of Education as a National Blue Ribbon School for 2012.

According to Brill, "the central evidentiary value of charters like ... .... they proved that intense, effective teaching could overcome poverty and other obstacles and that, as Klein liked to say, demography does not have to be destiny." In 2011, Klein said, "Success now performs at the same level as the gifted-and-talented schools in New York City-all of which have demanding admissions requirements, while Success randomly selects its students, mostly poor and minority, by lottery."

In response to a claim that charter schools tend to have "more motivated students ... cannot fairly be compared to come-one-come-all zoned schools", according to Coplon, Moskowitz said, "he children in proximate zoned schools ... are the same kids we have."

In 2011, the N.Y.C. Department of Education graded schools citywide and rated 4 Success Academies with an A, all the other Success Academy schools being too new for grading.

U.S. Rep. Jim Clyburn, of South Carolina, in 2009, cited Success Academy Charter Schools for "providing high quality education in an area where the children would have otherwise been attending a failing public school". Rep. Clyburn, with then-Chancellor Klein, had visited Success Academy Harlem 1 in 2007. At the time, Clyburn was a leader in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the Congressional Black Caucus. Other supporters included Geoffrey Canada of Harlem Children's Zone in a 2011 rally against the NAACP's position and Canada, in 2008, said Moskowitz is doing "some bold and daring things". Mayor Bloomberg called Success Academy Charter Schools the "most successful charter school operator." According to Nat Hentoff in 2006, "no one in government as knowledgeable, penetrating, and perceptive about the needs of students as Moskowitz. She is now practicing what she has been preaching by starting the ... Success Academy". According to Powell, Success Academy schools, "with strict discipline and unrelenting emphasis on high test scores, have posted impressive results."

According to Spencer, a book by Moskowitz and the SA schools group's literacy coach, Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible (Jossey-Bass, 2012), written, Moskowitz said, for "charter operator ... educator", "is part polemic on school choice, ... extolling the virtues of competition as a means of improving the nation's failing public schools .... part how-to guide, with the authors offering specific teacher-training tips and information about the Success Academy literacy program ... and including the tenets of what ... Moskowitz terms 'joyful rigor.'"

According to Robberson, some replication by noncharter schools has happened, such as in disciplinary methods and in displaying university banners to encourage students. According to the SA schools group, noncharter zoned schools where Success Academies are co-located adopted some Success Academy practices. While the cause is unknown, according to Robberson, in "public schools ... testing scores have improved dramatically since co-location began." According to Klein, "the questions are about the elements of scalability." According to Success Academy Harlem 1, the SA schools group plans to teach teachers who are from elsewhere than Success Academies and advocates for reforms in other schools by working with the New York Charter Schools Association and the New York City Charter School Center and with other schools to promote educational choice.

Teachers and management

The staff numbered over 350, according to Moskowitz, sometime in or before mid-2012.

Teachers

Lead teachers must be certified and experienced and new teachers may become associate teachers, who may "roam" in the classroom. New teachers receive summer training. Moskowitz said teachers are not "expect ... to go home at night and plan, or, frankly, grade the papers" because lead teachers plan during the day and assistant teachers "check the homework." Moskowitz criticized noncharter schools for having only one 50-minute teacher preparation period a day but said, about Success Academy, "we give our teachers two to three prep periods a day, and in exchange we expect them to be super well-prepared to teach the lesson." Moskowitz and Lavinia wrote that they prefer to hire teachers who want feedback and coaching.

The teachers' contract is not a union contract. It allows the school to fire them if the administration decides to, and promotes flexibility in use of time. The pay for teachers is about 5–10% higher than for similarly experienced public noncharter teachers. The SA schools group offers paid maternity leave, which is not offered by the union to its members, although 7 out of 8 are women. Teachers can vacation for 12–13 weeks. According to Moskowitz, teachers are not expected to pay personally for students' supplies.

On hiring, according to the SA schools group, the process includes the teaching of a demonstration lesson and the final decision to hire is by the principal. In 2010, according to Moskowitz, around 13,000 applications were received for 69 teacher positions. In 2011, Moskowitz said there were "57,000 applications for 256 jobs". Moskowitz reported to SUNY that, for 2011–'12, for 178 faculty positions, 1,600 initial interviews were conducted and 57,000 résumés were received.

Success Academies perform their own teacher evaluations, rather than rely on the State to do them.

Masters' degree program

Success Academies and Touro College Graduate School of Education have begun a teacher training program that will culminate in masters' degrees and teacher certifications. Teachers will be trained jointly by both institutions and most of the training is at Success Academy locations because of teachers' already long workdays. The training program is funded by Success Academies, according to Cromidas and Cramer, and is a response to what Moskowitz described as a shortage of future teachers qualified for Success Academies.

Some Success Academy teachers attend a training program run by Relay Graduate School of Education, which was founded by three other charter school groups. Moskowitz expected that Success Academy teachers will continue attending multiple programs even while Touro's is open.

School management

A principal (called a Leader) runs each school, and, according to SA, first receives a year of hands-on leadership training. Moskowitz sometimes served as the principal of Success Academy Harlem 1.

Each school has an operations or business manager under the principal to let the principal focus on academics. Moskowitz wrote that schools like hers are not "hampered by the ... government bureaucracy from which the district schools suffer."

Assistant principals (called leadership residents) can make $100,000 a year with 6 weeks' vacation.

Turnover

Shortly after the first schools first opened and were staffed, there was turnover. An early report suggested it may have been significant in the beginning. Since then, staff turnover may have dropped. Asked about it in 2010, Moskowitz said there's "very little problem with turnover", stating that, in one year, 100% of the teachers came back to Success Academy Harlem 2 and 97% to Success Academy Harlem 3, and that all of the pregnant teachers also came back. In summer and fall of 2011, at one Success Academy school over a third of the staff left, some because, according to Moskowitz and several teachers, a popular principal left to go to another school network. One teacher said it was because she felt micromanaged, whereas "few" left the two Success Academy Bronx schools. According to Powell, "teacher turnover at ... approached 40 percent last year ." Moskowitz said the retention rate is 70–75%, that Success Academy Charter Schools do "demand a lot of our teachers", and that students "have a lot of needs". According to an unnamed writer at The Chief, Success Academy Charter Schools do not keep detailed attrition data showing causation. According to Brill, Moskowitz instituted high expectations of teachers, even though several were in tears when she scrutinized their work in their first year at this school after the teachers had spent a few years elsewhere without critical feedback, a couple of teachers thought fulfilling the demands on them was not sustainable for long, one resigning, and work–home life balance was an issue for one teacher. Jim Manly, a Success Academy principal, said the schools are developing ways to retain teachers for longer terms, including encouraging teachers to finish the day by 6 p.m. (which is not when students finish), rather than late at night. The possibility of burnout is recognized by Moskowitz, according to Brill. The Chief questioned whether burnout could make "strong performances ... more difficult to sustain over an extended period." Retention is "pretty high" in comparison to that of the school district or those of law firms and other professions, according to Moskowitz. However, from 2008 to 2010, "charter schools have generally experienced relatively high teacher turnover", with attrition averaging 25% statewide, and at a failing noncharter school, P.S. 194, over a third of the teachers left every year for 5 years.

Group management

Charter management organization

The central organization, Success Academy Charter Schools (a charter management organization (CMO)), according to Moskowitz, does most of the work of hiring and developing teachers, trains principals, develops curricula and tests, analyzes data for the schools, operates schools' field trips, manages admission processes including a complex lottery, provides tours of schools for hundreds of visits annually, oversees renovations, and centralizes noninstructional services that schools would otherwise have to execute.

Chief executive officer

In the management of the Success Academy Charter Schools group, Dr. Moskowitz is a founder and the Chief Executive Officer. Moskowitz had "special" access to schools then-Chancellor Klein, according to columnist Juan Gonzalez, reporting 125 emails between the two, including on getting more classroom space, apparently overturning an unfavorable decision by middle management, and seeking mailing lists of families to whom to suggest Success Academy enrollment. Moskowitz denied a special relationship other than as "chief nudge", and, in 2011, Klein said, "at times, she was a complete pain in my neck" and Moskowitz said there was a 15-month wait for space for one Success Academy. Brill reported that, when it was announced that Moskowitz would run the schools, Klein thought the plan was well-financed and -designed and "knew that Moskowitz was smart and laser focused on school operations" and Klein, despite long public differences with Moskowitz during her service as the City Council Education Committee chair, "did everything he could to support her" for the new charter schools. Moskowitz in 2013 said that when she started the schools she didn't expect the complexity that followed.

According to Errol Louis of NY1 Online in 2012, Moskowitz "is one of the most controversial figures in the city's education world"; according to Louis, critics say she "bulldozes the competition" while supporters commend Success Academy students' accomplishments. According to Errol Louis of the Daily News (New York, N.Y.) in 2010, "Moskowitz .... wields far more influence now than she ever had in the Council, with the political skill to build alliances" and, according to Powell in 2012, is "as Type A and politically connected as any charter operator in the city". "'She could be looked at as a lightning rod or a zealous advocate,' said ... Keith L.T. Wright, a Democrat who represents Harlem", according to Gootman. According to Michael Winerip in 2011, no one is "more tenacious" than Moskowitz. According to Lisa Fleisher, "Moskowitz is outspoken and highly critical of teachers unions." According to Green, Moskowitz said that it's necessary not to refrain from saying a school is failing just because saying so is offensive, if not saying it would "sacrifice children in the process," so she works differently than some other charter leaders might.

According to Gootman, Moskowitz said, "it is the accumulation of the hundreds of minute decisions that is the difference between mediocrity and true excellence". According to Bungeroth, "Moskowitz runs each of her schools the same way and doesn't apologize if people don't like it." According to Coplon, in 2010, Moskowitz had a "fine-grained focus imbu ... every facet of Success Charter Network". According to an unnamed writer at The Chief, Moskowitz is "thorough".

According to Powell, Moskowitz' work-week is typically 70 hours. Moskowitz is compensated for her work, $379,478 in salary according to Powell in 2012; while some said it's too much, being, according to Gonzalez in 2009, more than was paid to then-chancellor Klein to oversee the much larger City noncharter system or then-chancellor John Ryan of the State University of New York, Moskowitz said in 2010 that two other charter leaders were paid more than she was for running smaller systems and that "teachers .... school leaders" should be well compensated and said, "if my bosses thought that they could get someone cheaper, they would."

Other CMO leadership

Among other management leaders, 2 also lead special education schools (Donna Kennedy at Gillen Brewer and Scott Gaynor at the Stephen Gaynor School) and a couple are in Misplaced Pages: Greenblatt, a major donor to a public school who developed a model of school accountability to raise performance, with Petry founded the Success Academy Charter Schools. Gideon Stein is Vice Chair of the Board of Directors of Success Academy Charter Schools and is on the boards of Success Academy Harlem 5 and Success Academy Upper West. Other cofounders include, according to Moskowitz and Lavinia, Paul Fucaloro, subsequently executive director of pedagogy, and Jenny Sedlis, subsequently a spokester. Merging the boards of trustees of some of the SA schools let students transfer among the schools.

Political and civic relationships

One mission of the SA schools group, according to Moskowitz in 2013, "was to change ... public policies". For political advocacy, according to Geoff Decker in 2012, the SA schools group and other groups of charter schools "see charter schools as a weapon in a political fight against teachers unions to reform the larger school system and believe that the fight requires robust, hands-on organizing and lobbying efforts" and, in 2011, led a rally with 2,500 people. Moskowitz in 2013 recommended inclusion of the middle class and boldness in pushing government.

When one Success Academy opened, on the first day anti-charter picketers met kindergartners arriving for classes.

Mayor

In contrast to an earlier contentious public relationship with Mayor Bloomberg and the Mayor's appointed then-Chancellor running the public schools, Klein, when Moskowitz was chairing the City Council's Education Committee and threatening to subpoena officials, the same Mayor in 2012 is said, by Aaron Short, to have provided "backing" to the SA schools group and Klein appeared at an Academy lottery and Academy fundraisers. A school official said the present strong Mayoral support for charter schools could "go out the window with the next mayoral administration." Noah Gotbaum "suspected ... to grandfather in as many changes as possible before ... Bloomberg leaves office", and City Councilwoman Letitia James argued that the SA schools group is trying to open as many schools as possible before Bloomberg's administration ends because "reform is coming to mayoral control".

Moskowitz in summer, 2012, was awaiting Mayoral candidates' education positions because, she said, "it's an open question whether the next Mayor will create a hospitable environment" for opening and running schools. According to Jeff Mays, "leading mayoral candidates running to replace Bloomberg have said they will think differently about school co-locations." According to Cramer, some Democratic candidates, namely Bill de Blasio, John Liu, and Bill Thompson, "think Bloomberg should not be allowed to close or co-locate any schools in ... last year", de Blasio naming Moskowitz at a candidates' debate and saying that "chancellors were bowing down and agreeing" with Moskowitz, who "cannot continue to have the run of the place"; according to Anika Anand, de Blasio in April, 2013, led a rally and requested an investigation into alleged "preferential treatment". According to Anand, Christine Quinn, also a candidate, supported co-locations but said "the process could be improved" and all of the Democratic candidates are seeking the UFT's endorsement. On January 31, 2013, according to Cramer, Success Academy "parents ... protested outside the three mayoral candidates' offices" with over 100 outside Liu's office, although "Moskowitz did not sign on to" a letter from charter operators asking candidates "to set aside the call for a moratorium on co-locations".

Governor

New York's then-Governor David Paterson appeared at the 2008 lottery for selecting students for the SA schools.

Congress

Moskowitz provided testimony to the House of Representatives committee on education and labor, in a 2010 hearing on proposed legislation for a "grant program to expand and replicate successful charter schools", that Moskowitz "would argue that the federal government has a critical role to play in supporting fast and smart growth of proven success.... must protect the single greatest ingredient of success: autonomy."

Parents

Some parents provide political support countering public schools' opposition to charters, volunteering to go to official meetings to speak out. Moskowitz said the schools "have a dual mission of advocacy and civic engagement" and "we talk to parents and tell them to stand up for their rights". According to Cramer, "Moskowitz ... has long represented the more radical wing of the charter movement, bringing busloads of parents to defend her ... schools at public hearings and meetings where criticism is likely." According to Cramer, "many independent charter schools opted out of a rally  .... '... eople thought that demonstrations that looked like Eva's demonstrations did more to divide than bridge,'" said Harvey Newman that year (he headed the Center for Educational Innovation's charter support network). Parents are not expected "to bake brownies" for the schools, according to Moskowitz and Lavinia, and, according to the SA schools group, "the Board does not believe in asking parents to fundraise".

Student recruitment

The schools perform outreach, which includes visiting families, hosting information sessions, and advertising, in order to provide fair access to families under state law. Judge Peter Moulton, when dismissing a lawsuit against the SA schools group for allegedly inadequate outreach for Williamsburg, said that "Success Academy attended meetings with the relevant community boards and education council, wrote letters to elected officials, and collected petition signatures." Moskowitz said that Success Academy Charter Schools were criticized for marketing, but that outreach was needed to convince parents that Success Academy offered a broad educational experience. Success Academy Charter Schools have spent significant money on marketing. In order to fill the first 900 seats of the schools, Success Academy Charter Schools effectively spent, according to Gonzalez, "more than $1,100 per child from 2007 to 2009".

Marketing material has included mailings, bus stop ads, and brochures. Some of it was critiqued as discriminatory for being placed in Northside Williamsburg, which has a predominantly non-Hispanic white population, rather than Southside, which has a higher Spanish-speaking population. A Success Academy official responded that the school has done extensive outreach in Spanish, and that one-third of applicants are English language learners.

Admissions

A family considering Success Academy enrollment may take a weekly group tour and, if applying, may find one of several preferences for certain groups of students is in the family's favor. A lottery is drawn for all other applications. There is no application fee. Applications are in English and Spanish. Emphasizing the importance of children's punctuality, Moskowitz told one group of parents, "if you were late to your wedding, you probably don't want to go to this school," since the day for kindergartners and first-graders begins with 15 minutes of math, so 5 minutes of lateness means missing a third of the math.

New students may enter in kindergarten through 3rd grade, but not above. Preferences are available:

• Returning students are given preference for admission into all grades.
• Sibling preference is supported.
• Local preference favors the local school districts for admissions, which district being dependent on the school being applied to.
• According to a Success Academy official, if a child's local zoned school is at risk because it received a D or an F for student performance in the school progress report, the child may be given a preference for admission.
• Students who don't know English, known as English Language Learners (ELLs), will be given preference for about one seat in every 5, instead of that preference being given to children zoned for a failing noncharter school.

A random lottery is used to select from qualified applicants. Nearly 6 applications were received for every opening for the Spring 2006 lottery for the 2007–2008 year, 6 applications were received for each opening in Spring 2008, and 7 for each seat for the 2009–2010 year or 5,000 applications for 575 seats in the same year. In 2011, according to Moskowitz, "9,000 parents ... for 900 spots". In early 2012, Success Academy Charter Schools said they received "12,374 applications for 1,200 seats" and specifically Success Academy Upper West received "2,144 applications for 74 open seats". In early 2013, according to Myers, the SA schools group said it had received 12,266 applications for almost 2,500 autumn openings in 18 schools, 2 of the schools receiving approximately 17 applications per seat. The Lottery, a 2010 film, was inspired by a Harlem Success (now Success Academy) lottery; and a Success Academy lottery is in the movie Waiting for "Superman".

No test is required before the lottery or admission.

A waitlist is maintained for applicants who did not make it in the lottery or whose applications were submitted past a deadline. If a student is not doing well because the family is not adequately supporting the child, such as by the child repeatedly arriving late, the principal may meet with the parents to encourage their support and note the waiting list for other children wanting to enter.

Locations

The main office is at 310 Lenox Avenue, 2nd floor, New York, N.Y. 10027.

Neighborhoods picked for schools

When opening the first SA schools, Moskowitz, according to Mays, " for good schools in neighborhoods with high poverty and failing grades." Subsequently, according to Moskowitz, opening schools only in "traditionally underserved neighborhoods" has been challenged when middle-class families also needed "high-performing public schools" and may not have enough money for private schools, although, according to Moskowitz serving "affluent students" was criticized as being "easier" and, according to Spencer, a view is that "mid- to upper-income parents pick between zoned schools, magnet schools, and gifted programs" and possibly private schools and thus don't need a charter school. One opponent said, "e're still going after ... charter in order to shut down their operation in communities they shouldn't be". However, Moskowitz told Spencer " never believed the charter movement was exclusively for socially and economically disadvantaged kids". The State has approved expansion into all neighborhoods, a move backed by City Schools Chancellor Dennis Walcott, and the SA schools group has been opening schools in a wider range of neighborhoods, including the Upper West Side. State Senator Liz Krueger was opposed regarding space in District 2 and some parents objected that they don't need a new school, but, even in some districts where some schools perform well, not all schools do as well. While an application to open may specify a district(s) and Success Academy Charter Schools planning to open outside of that area has been criticized, the State may approve opening elsewhere in the borough. Among the boroughs, according to a school official, the Bronx has the highest demand.

Sharing of public school space

While in many cities, charter schools are in buildings separate from public noncharter schools, in New York City public school buildings are shared between some charters and noncharters, making comparisons more apparent to visitors and promoting competition. Walcott supports co-location by Success Academies and other charters. Generally, Success Academy Charter Schools are given rent-free space within existing public school buildings, by co-location. According to Cramer, Moskowitz has asked for and gotten "more space from the city than any other charter school operator, at times forcefully proposing space-sharing plans directly to the chancellor." While some noncharter schools are full, some have seat space to spare. Opponent Arthur Schwartz claims "special-education students and English language learners  ... need smaller classroom sizes to learn effectively", so that co-locating an SA school leads to fear of "a space crunch". Casey Quinlan reported on a noncharter classroom for 10 students holding 20 and some claim that noncharter schools are overcrowded into fewer classrooms to provide classrooms for co-locations, but, according to Quinlan, Lyon called such claims "inaccurate", the City Department of Education's spokester Deidrea Miller said that one school housing Success Academy Harlem 4 and for which such a claim has been made, P.S. 241, sharing space with the STEM Institute, "is currently under-enrolled and the school has sufficient space to serve students with special needs", and Success Charter Network (operating Success Academy Charter Schools) in 2011 compared noncharter public schools between those with co-locations and those without and said that with co-location average class size changed very little, more specifically going down for about half of the noncharter schools and, for all co-locating noncharter schools citywide, going up but by less than in non-co-locating schools.

Moskowitz supported co-location where a pre-existing school had one room for about every 2 or 5 students and thus had space to spare, criticized the United Federation of Teachers (UFT) (a teachers' union) for objecting only to nonunion schools co-locating with noncharter public schools, disagreed with letting noncharter parents veto a co-location if charter parents, who may be more numerous, couldn't take part in the decision, and objected to building new schools "that cost upward of $60 million", money that would come from taxpayers or charter school budgets. According to Powell, Moskowitz said, "the nice thing about co-location is that you can put the schools under a microscope". While Jessica Hills identified as a "friction" that "standardized test scores for one school rank significantly better than those at the other , but it's not as if students can simply choose to switch to the better school upstairs", according to Success Charter Network in 2011 noncharters sharing buildings with charters had higher student gains in English test scores than noncharters that weren't co-located, lowering the risk of the noncharter schools being closed for underperformance.

A school official said "that even though the majority of co-locations involve new district schools, charter schools seem to receive the blunt of the stigma when it comes to co-locations." Moskowitz is assertive in seeking space in public noncharter schools. Competition for space is controversial, opponents including the UFT, the Working Families Party, Class Size Matters, ACORN, NAACP (opposing creating "a two-tiered education system" with co-location and saying co-location is "akin to segregation", for which position the organization has been criticized by many parents), and the Community Education Council for District 2 in 2012, whose president called charter schools "vampires", leading in 2006, 2008, and 2010 to proposed locations changing frequently in the weeks before schools finally opened and sometimes to lawsuits against Success Academies. Grounds for opposition are sometimes contradictory. A judge in January, 2012, declined temporarily to order Success Academies and other schools to pay rent, but left the overall case pending. An early 2010 meeting on a proposed co-location for Success Academy Harlem 2, which was outgrowing its existing space, was an instance of intense political organizing of charter parents and various schools' teachers in opposition. The 2010 co-location effort for Success Academy Upper West included a lawsuit against the space allocation, but the school opened anyway.

Cooperation in schools

A then-principal of a co-located noncharter school objected to inadequate cooperation by Success Academy in planning a City-funded playground renovation for 3 schools in the building. On the other hand, according to Fleisher, "some of the principals who share space with ... Success ... have said they have had a good relationship with their new neighbors."

Comparison of facilities

The SA schools' "budget is not regulated by Department of Education restrictions", according to Moskowitz in 2007, and the SA schools group bought and installed light bulbs with a better color and longer life than city-approved bulbs had.

Renovations in co-location schools are sometimes criticized because the noncharter schools are not renovated, creating, according to Lindsey Christ, "perceived inequalities" or, according to Mary Frost and Stephon Johnson, because unsafe lights were replaced by an SA school when the city school did not replace theirs in the same building, although, according to Anand, city and SA officials said, "no school in the Baltic Street building has been cleared of PCBs yet and ... that the city made capital improvements to the three other schools in the building at the same time" in summer, 2012. Moskowitz told Lindsey Christ in 2011 that the City "spends $13.7 billion on capital and charters don't get access to any of that money." A 2010 state law requires that renovations be approved by the city Department of Education, which must then pay matching funds to the noncharter schools sharing the building. When Success Academy Harlem 1 had its space painted and carpeted, the other school in the building was given $65,000. In the building hosting Success Academy Upper West, the 5 noncharters may (as of 2011) divide $2.5 million in matching funds. In one 2012 case, according to Gonzalez, the city's renovations for noncharter schools were criticized as being not as good as those for the co-located SA school despite the city spending more money and the cost of the renovations for that SA school having been split about half-and-half between the city and the SA schools group. The city said unapproved work was done by SA's contractors in one case and that the city would monitor future work more closely.

Specific schools

Schools although not yet open may be accepting applications from prospective staff and students and may become subjects of controversies and decisions about locations, including co-locations.

Manhattan

Open

Controverted and not yet open

The Bronx

Open

Controverted and not yet open

Brooklyn

Open

Controverted and not yet open

Queens

Controverted and not yet open

Finances

The Success Academy Charter Schools group is nonprofit. According to Moskowitz in 2013, the "schools are self-sustaining by year three on public dollars alone". Government funding is based on the number of students. Funding from the State is about 5% less per pupil than public noncharters receive. Success Academy Harlem 1 in 2010 spent $18,378 yearly per student, versus an estimated $19,358 for the noncharter side. The State permitted the Success Academy organization to be paid 15% of each student's State funding as a management fee, a raise from 10% without a change in total State funding per student, the fee a payment from one nonprofit organization to another. In 2012, according to Beth Fertig, Success Academy Harlem 1 "qualified for federal anti-poverty funds." The SA schools group was philanthropically funded in 2007, according to SUNY. Private funding, from businesses and other private donors, in fiscal year 2010 was $4.8 million for Success Charter Network, according to Coplon, or, according to Kamenetz, in 2010, $9 million. Event fundraising includes participants in the 2012 ING New York City Marathon raising money. The organization Friends of Gotham Charter School "provides support finances".

Finances are managed largely by a central office. According to Gonzalez, Moskowitz wrote that Success Academy depends on donations and grants for part of its services but still has a growing deficit, while Gonzalez says it has a surplus. In 2012, Moskowitz reported to SUNY that the SA group was serving the schools at below its costs, thus sustaining a deficit, and anticipated that the deficit would continue even after the requested increase of the fee from the schools to the group.

Criticisms

Students with special needs

In 2010, Coplon reported on the counseling out or transferring of some students from Success Academies, that one teacher said not enough counseling was provided when some students misbehaved, and that Moskowitz said the school is not "a social-service agency". One school official said the main issues were "maturity and undoing what the parents allow the kids to do in the house", as reported by Coplon in 2010. In 2013, Morales reported that parents of two students with special needs at two SA schools who should have been accompanied by teaching assistants said the students were suspended, one for 50 days "for rowdy behavior .... for hitting other children, calling out in class, and throwing objects", although a schools spokester denied that any student has been suspended for that long, the other student was suspended "31 days for throwing a piece of cinderblock near students and hitting a teacher in the arm with a plastic band"; in response, James criticized suspensions of 7-year-olds with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) and sought a state investigation; and a third student's parent hired a lawyer to arrange occupational therapy. Winerip chronicled the experience of a student with a learning disability (an attention disorder), who, in 2008, was counseled out of Success Academy Harlem 3 and referred by Success Academies to P.S. 75, a public noncharter school, where he reportedly has done well after being taught coping methods.

Winerip reported that "every traditional public school that is housed with a Success charter has more special-education children as well as students for whom English is the second language, according to numbers posted on city and state Web sites. At Success 3, the school ... attended, 10 percent are in special education and 2 percent are English language learners, according to the publicly available data; Mosaic Prep Academy, a district school that shares its building, has 23 percent in special education and 13 percent learning English as a second language." According to Kamenetz in 2013, "almost no special-ed kids" were at Success Academy Williamsburg. In general, the most severely disabled students go to noncharter schools but not to Success, according to Winerip. Moskowitz said that Success Academies have students who are living in domestic violence shelters, "lots" who are homeless, and children of parents who are incarcerated. P.S. 208, a public noncharter school located 2 blocks from Success Academy Harlem 1, has 12% of its students classified as having Limited English Proficiency. According to Anderson, in all SA schools combined, 80% of students' families have low incomes, 10% are English language learners, and 15% receive special education. Three fourths of the students qualify for low-cost or free lunch, according to a SA schools group spokester, and, according to Moskowitz and Charlotte Eichna, breakfasts are provided. According to a SUNY hearing summary, James said "that Success Academy schools had received a waiver to not serve students with Individualized Education Programs", but SUNY said that, "as a matter of law, such waivers do not exist in New York."

According to Brill in 2011, the data agree that charter schools like the Success Academies do not skim for intelligence or familial commitment or teach fewer poor, learning-disabled, or non-English-speaking students. According to Rogers, Noguera doubted Success Academies tell disabled or less-successful pupils to leave the schools to boost text scores and said Success Academy Charter Schools are "great" (Rogers' word) for helping children with individual needs. A student with an attention disorder and a speech problem did well at a Success Academy, other examples were available, and special education classes were to be added, according to Winerip, and, according to a City deputy chancellor, Success Academies were expected to improve services for students with disabilities. Success Academies' recent application for a higher per-student fee would, according to Moskowitz, finance services for more students with special needs, especially for severe cases. Later, in 2011, Brill wrote, "the best ... like ... Success Academies ... , ... students are admitted by lottery and ... teach the same ratio of learning disabled students as the traditional public schools." One of Moskowitz' own children has special needs and inspired her to include chess in the Success Academy curriculum. A proposed expansion of SA – Harlem 5 would include a "self-contained special education class indefinitely", as announced by the City in 2012.

English language learners (ELLs) were underrepresented, reported Coplon in 2010. According to State data, students with limited English ability ranged from 2% to 4% of the student enrollments in the year 2009–2010 (latest available data) at Success Academy Harlem (2%), Success Academy Harlem 2 (3%), Success Academy Harlem 3 (4%), and Success Academy Harlem 4 (4%). However, according to Collins, in 2011, English language learners were as common in Success Academies Harlem 2, 3, and 4 as in noncharter counterpart schools in Harlem. In the 2010–2011 school year, at Success Academy Harlem 1, according to the school, ELLs were 6% of the student body and the 38 ELL students' non-English languages were "Bambara, French, Fulani, Mandinka, Moldavian, Spanish, and Wolof".

Success Academy hired a teacher for English as a second language (ESL); this was recent when Coplon reported it in 2010. One-on-one attention was observed in a Success Academy Bronx school, where a student was being taught to listen to musical tones to develop concentration, and the school has a speech therapist and a psychologist. According to the Success Academies, in 2010, "approximately 15–20%" of students were receiving special education services. According to Collins, "Success Academy claims to move kids out of the ELL category in two years with its fast-method of teaching English, much faster than DOE stats, which leaves many New York City-born kids still in the ELL category into middle school". Success Charter Network, in 2011, criticized city schools' performance with ELL students, totalling over 150,000, saying a third failed language tests for 7 years and just under another third passed the test within 3 years, with inconsistencies between districts, with the cause explained as that additional financing is available to the school if a student does not know English but is lost when a student learns English, and identifying the failure as a "civil rights issue". Moskowitz said that some students who had spent a couple of years in a noncharter school and were not reading came to Success Academy Charter Schools and had learned to read in "about six weeks". Moskowitz said "some charter schools try to move students out of special education through intensive instruction. About 7% of disabled students at Success Academy move out of 'special education' classification, compared to 1% for the school district".

ELLs quota proposal

In response to a proposal to require charter schools to admit a minimum quota of high-need students including ELLs, according to David Sims, "Moskowitz criticized the quota for essentially encouraging schools to keep students at English-Language Learner status", when Success Academy Charter Schools, according to Moskowitz, "will likely graduate the student from ELL status within his or her first or second year" so that Success Academy middle schools will have few or no ELLs, almost all or all of the students being fluent in English.

Parental resistance

Some parents object that their children are pushed too hard and some teachers feel they spend too much time justifying to some parents their expectations of students. One parent objected to repeated phone calls apparently intended to encourage her to withdraw her child. There is no indication that this applies to most parents and teachers.

See also

• Harlem Academy, a private school

References and notes

1. Summary (memorandum) from Ken Slentz to P-12 Education Committee (Albany, N.Y.: Univ. of State of N.Y., State Educ. Dep't, September 4, 2012), subject "Revision to Charter Authorized by the Board of Regents: Harlem Success Academy Charter School and Merger of Harlem Success Academy Charter School into Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3", p.  (apparently from and to offices in Univ.), & cited in September 2012 Agenda & Materials (Board of Regents, Univ. of State of N.Y., New York State Educ. Dep't), for September 10, 2012, as accessed September 15, 2012.
2. Benjamin, Liz, host, Eva Moskowitz Touts Charter School Success, in Capital Tonight, on YNN (Your News Now), filed August 2, 2012, 9:00 p.m., as accessed August 11, 25, & 26 & September 6, 2012 (host, title, & "YNN" as accessed August 11, 2012) (approx. 10 min. 12 sec. from start to approx. 10 min. 28 sec., as accessed August 26, 2012)).
3. ^ Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, in The Village Voice (New York, N.Y.), February 2, 2011, p. 1 (online), as accessed June 2, 2012.
4. ^ Kolodner, Meredith, Harlem Success Charter Lives Up to its Name; 95% of Third-Graders Pass State English Exams, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), May 8, 2009, 7:16 a.m., as accessed June 30, 2012 (Harlem Success former name).
     Success Academy schools "among the highest-performing programs in the state" but without mentioning tests: Short, Aaron, Now Eva Moskowitz Wants to Open Another 'Success' Charter School in Williamsburg, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 34, no. 50, December 12, 2011, as accessed July 12 & 14, 2012.
5. ^ Fleisher, Lisa, New Charters Proposed for Manhattan, in The Wall Street Journal, July 15, 2012, 10:17 p.m., E.T., as accessed July 25, 2012.
6. Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 4, 2012.
7. ^ Frost, Mary, Bloomberg Promises More Charter Schools: Some Dispute His Statistics, Claim 'Hostility' to Teachers, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, undated, as accessed June 2 & 18, 2012.
8. ^ Mays, Jeff, Parents Protest Charter School Network's Expansion in Harlem, in DNAinfo, updated December 9, 2011, 8:31 a.m., as accessed May 25, 2012.
9. Katz, Mathew, Success Academy Charter Schools Get Record Number of Applications, in DNAinfo, April 9, 2012, 2:28 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
10. ^ Klein, Joel, The Failure of American Schools, in The Atlantic, as accessed May 19, 2012.
11. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare: Inside the Fight to Fix America's Schools (N.Y.: Simon & Schuster, 1st Simon & Schuster hardcover ed. August, 2011 (ISBN 978-1-4516-1199-1)), p. 434.
12. Support: Moskowitz, Eva, The Cost of Small Class Size, in The Washington Post, March 27, 2011 (opinion), as accessed May 19, 2012.
13. ^ Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit. p. 4.
14. ^ Eichna, Charlotte, Charter Crusader: Eva Moskowitz, in (East Side (Manhattan), New York, N.Y.) Our Town, April 1, 2010, pp.  & 10–11.
15. ^ Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, in Education News Colorado, February 19, 2010 (page text), as accessed June 18, 2012.
16. ^ Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, in The New York Times, November 3, 2008, as accessed July 7 & 11, 2012.
17. ^ Green, Elizabeth, Harlem's School Choice, in The Village Voice (New York, N.Y.), April 8, 2009, p. 2 (online), as accessed June 2, 2012.
18. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 410.
19. ^ Collins, Lisa M., Charter War Cobble Hill, in South Brooklyn Post, December 20, 2011, as accessed June 1, 2012.
20. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 14 and see p. 15.
21. ^ Bartiromo, Maria, host, Wall Street Journal Report, on CNBC (CNBC News Transcripts), January 14 or 15, 2012, 7:30 p.m. E.S.T., as accessed June 1, 2012.
22. ^ Green, Elizabeth, Harlem's School Choice, op. cit. p. 3.
23. ^ Iasevoli, Brenda, U. Tube: Student Teachers Learn From Video Training, in The Village Voice (New York, N.Y.), January 12, 2010, pp. 1–2 (online), as accessed June 2, 2012.
      Videos of model lessons (EduTube): Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit.
24. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 14.
      On an ability to terminate a teacher without reference to a union contract: Bartiromo, Maria, host, Wall Street Journal Report, op. cit., January 14 or 15, 2012.
      According to Joel Klein, former New York City chancellor of education, "teachers at Success ... move on if they can't cut the mustard" (and see Klein on " protecting teachers who are not up to the job"): anon, For the Record, in The Chief-Civil Service Leader (New York, N.Y.) (ISSN 0746-7761), vol. CXVI, no. 21, August 3, 2012, p. 4, col. 2.
25. ^ Santos, Fernanda, Success Charter Is Planning a School for Cobble Hill, Brooklyn, in N.Y. Times, October 6, 2011, 4:46 p.m., as accessed May 16, 2012.
26. ^ Gonzalez, Juan, Students at PS 123 in Harlem are Pushed Aside For Charter School Expansion, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), June 3, 2009, as accessed January 10, 2010.
27. ^ Klein, Joel, Scenes From the New York Education Wars, in Wall Street Journal (New York, N.Y.), May 10, 2011 (possibly p. A.15).
28. Students with special needs other than English language learners: Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, in New York magazine, April 25, 2010, p. 5, as accessed May 19, 2012.
      Brill, Steven, The School Reform Deniers, August 21, 2011, in Reuters, as accessed May 19, 2012.
29. English language learners: Sims, David, Charter Leader: Unfair To Give Us High-Need Kids, in The Chief (New York, N.Y.), posted June 18, 2012, 4:30 p.m., & updated June 19, 2012, 5:48 p.m., as accessed June 20, 2012.
30. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9 (apparently application by school administration), pp. 13 & 16, and 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools (Office of Communications and Outreach, National Blue Ribbon Schools Program, U.S. Department of Education, last modified September 13, 2012) (entry for Success Academy Harlem 1), as accessed September 19, 2012.
31. ^ Success Academy Harlem West (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 18, 2012. Cite error: The named reference "SAHW-ofcl" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
32. ^ Cramer, Philissa, Success Academy Charter Network Sets Sights on High School, in GothamSchools, December 17, 2012, 5:28 p.m., as accessed December 19, 2012.
33. ^ Mays, Jeff, Wadleigh Supporters Fear Eva Moskowitz's School Expansion Proposal, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, updated December 18, 2012, 1:39 p.m., as accessed December 19, 2012.
34. The Proposed Co-Location and Expansion of Success Academy Charter School – Harlem 5 (84M482) Grades 4–8 with Existing School P.S. 175 Henry H. Garnet (05M175) in Building M175 Beginning in 2013–2014 (Notice) (NYC Department of Education), September 20, 2012, as accessed October 6, 2012, p. .
35. Green, Elizabeth, For the First Time, Charter Schools Will Open Up to 4-Year-Olds, in GothamSchools, January 29, 2009, 1:42 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
36. External Evaluation Report: Harlem Success Academy Charter School 2 (conducted by Class Measures on behalf of SUNY Charter Schools Institute) (visit date April 5–6, 2010), p. 11 (p. 13 in PDF reader) and see p 18 (p. 20 in PDF reader) (HSA2EvaluationReport2ndYear200910.pdf at http://www.newyorkcharters.org and linked via http://www.newyorkcharters.org/proHarlemSuccess2.html ("Second-Year School Visit Report:" link)).
37. ^ Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 2, 3 and 4 (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, October 1, 2007), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 2.
38. ^ Proposed New Schools (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed February 15, 2013.
39. Organizational name: Success Academy Charter Schools (Success Academy Charter Schools) (home page), as accessed August 21, 2012.
40. Abbreviation: Success Academy Charter Schools, Director of Recruitment (TopSchoolJobs (of Education Week), revised July 6, 2012), as accessed July 14, 2012.
41. Proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, as accessed January 20, 2013, Attachment 05(b)-1, p.  of atch. (p. 29 per PDF viewer).
42. Quoting John Petry: Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit. (Misplaced Pages has an article on education in Harlem).
43. ^ Frost, Mary, Another Hearing on Controversial 'Success' Charter School in W'burg: Parents Would Rather See Support for Existing Schools, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, January 31, 2012, as accessed June 2 & 18, 2012.
44. One school was chartered by the Board of Regents: Memorandum to Members of the Board of Trustees' Charter Schools Committee from Susan Miller Barker, Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute, subject "Management Fee Increase Charter Revisions for Schools Managed by Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc." (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, June 15, 2012), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 1 n. 1.
45. ^ Hanlon, Greg, The Limits of the Eva Moskowitz Model, at Least Until She Becomes Mayor, in Capital New York, July 26, 2012, 10:13 a.m., as accessed July 28, 2012.
46. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 354.
47. ^ Sedlis, Jenny, Eva Moskowitz Testimony: Committee on Education and Labor: H.R. 4330 the All Students Achieving through Reform Act of 2009 (N.Y.: Success Charter Network, February 24, 2010), as accessed March 23 & 24, 2013, p. 2 and see p. 3 (document possibly in advance of testifying) (Success Charter Network subsequently Success Academy Charter Schools) (subsubtitle italicized in original) (emphasis removed from text).
48. ^ Eva Moskowitz Testimony, op. cit., p. 2 and see p. 3.
49. Ravitch, Diane, Why I Changed My Mind About School Reform, in Wall Street Journal, March 9, 2010, as accessed June 24, 2010.
50. Klein, Joel, What I Learned at the Education Barricades, in Wall Street Journal (New York, N.Y.), December 4, 2010 (possibly p. A.13).
51. ^ Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, op. cit. (video) (approximately 2 min. 51 sec. from start to approx. 3 min. 10 sec.), as accessed June 23, 2012 (audio begins after speech has begun; & video is spliced).
52. Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, op. cit. (video) (approximately 7 min. 15 sec. from start to approx. 8 min. 1 sec.), as accessed June 23, 2012.
53. According to Klein, students at 4 Success Academies "most ... come from low-income families": anon, For the Record, in The Chief, August 3, 2012, op. cit.
54. ^ Morris, C. Zawadi, Success Academy Charter Schools Tout Record-High Enrollment, in Windsor Terrace-Kensington Patch, April 9, 2013, as accessed April 11, 2013 (accord, in Fort Greene-Clinton Hill Patch, Prospect Heights Patch, & Carroll Gardens Patch, all as accessed April 11, 2013, & Bed-Stuy Patch, as accessed April 14, 2013).
55. ^ Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit., p. 2.
56. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 408 and see p. 409.
57. Monahan, Rachel, Eva Moskowitz Seeks to Expand Success Academies to Chelsea, Upper E. Side, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), January 24, 2012, 11:15 p.m., updated January 25, 2012, 5:04 p.m., as accessed April 4, 2012.
58. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 434.
59. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 434 (Moskowitz's statement).
60. Moskowitz, Eva, The Cost of Small Class Size, op. cit.
61. Conan, Neal, host, School Founder Says Class Size Doesn't Matter, on Talk of the Nation (NPR News) (National Public Radio), March 29, 2011, as accessed May 25, 2012 ("transcript ... accuracy ... may vary", "text may not be ... final", & "the authoritative record ... is the audio").
62. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 5.
63. ^ Mission Possible: How Charter Schools Can Start-Up, Scale, and Succeed: An Interview with Success Academy's Eva Moskowitz, in PhilanthropyRoundtable, as accessed May 8, 2013.
64. ^ Rogers, Josh, Hype Fuels Charter Fight (or The Truth Behind Eva's [sic] Moskowitz's Battle to Open an UWS Charter School), in West Side Spirit (New York, N.Y.), January 20, 2011, as accessed May 19, 2012.
65. School with 131: Success Academy Harlem Central (Success Academy Charter Schools), as accessed August 21, 2012.
      School with 644: Success Academy Harlem 2 (Success Academy Charter Schools), as accessed August 21, 2012.
66. ^ SUNY Trustees Approve Nine New Charter Schools For New York City, in EmpireStateNews.Net, June 28, 2012, as accessed July 14 & 16, 2012.
67. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 6.
68. Crouch, Stanley, The Numbers Show Our Kids Can Thrive: Proving the Critics Wrong in Harlem, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), [§] Opinion, July 23, 2012, 3:52 a.m., as accessed July 25, 2012 ("Success Academy Charter Schools" & "four Harlem Success Academy schools").
      Newman, Maria, Jim Manly: Parents Deserve the Best Customer Service on the Planet, in N.Y. Times, February 13, 2012, 2:59 p.m., as accessed May 16, 2012 ("Success Academy Charter Schools", "Harlem Success Academy 2", & "Harlem Success Academy 1").
      Powell, Michael, An Upstairs-Downstairs Divide at a Public School Building in East Harlem, in N.Y. Times, June 25, 2012, as accessed July 3, 2012 ("Success Academy Charter Schools" & "Harlem Success Academy 2 Charter School").
      Memorandum from "Susan Miller Barker, Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute", to "Members of the Board of Trustees ... Charter Schools Committee", subject "Management Fee Increase Charter Revisions for Schools Managed by Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc.", June 15, 2012, as accessed July 14, 2012 ("Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc." & "Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3").
      Success Academy in the News (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed May 4, 2012 (referencing, e.g., "Harlem Success Academy charter schools" under "Success Academy in the News").
69. ^ Schools officially proposed: Find a School (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed March 28, 2013.
      Schools not yet officially proposed: Proposed New Schools (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed March 28, 2013.
70. ^ See, especially, in this article, the section Locations, the subsection Specific Schools, endnotes, passim.
71. ^ For 10 of 11 SUNY-authorized schools as of March 28, 2012: Amended Educational Impact Statement: The Proposed Co-Location and Expansion of Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 5 (84M482) Grades 4-8 with Existing School P.S. 175 Henry H. Garnet (05M175) in Building M175 Beginning in 2013-2014 (banner: Amended Educational Impact Statement The Proposed Co-Location and Expansion of Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 5 (84M482) with Existing School P.S. 175 Henry H. Garnet (05M175) in Building M175 Beginning in the 2013-2014 School Year) (NYC Department of Education, release October 18, 2012), as accessed October 27, 2012, p.  n. 1 ("e.g. Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3 became Success Academy Charter School – Harlem 3").
72. Marshall, Samantha, Harlem Crams For Charter School Lottery, in Crain's New York Business, April 17, 2008, 11:57 a.m., as accessed June 4, 2012.
73. ^ Kavanaugh, Shane Dixon, Eva Moskowitz Expands Her Grade-School Chain, in Crain's New York Business, December 4, 2011, 5:59 a.m., as accessed June 4, 2012.
74. ^ Frost, Mary, Cobble Hill Parents Sue To Block Success Academy, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, February 8, 2012, as accessed June 2, 2012.
75. Success Charter Network manages 5 Harlem schools: Chapman, Ben, Vote Delayed on Controversial Fee Hike for Eva Moskowitz's Success Charter Network Schools, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), April 24, 2012, 10:48 p.m., as accessed July 21, 2012.
76. Summary, op. cit. (Univ. of State of N.Y., September 4, 2012), p. .
      The organization was also reportedly known, according to Erin Brodwin, as Success Academy Inc. Brodwin, Erin, Opening the Doors to the Future for Students: Outstanding Principal, in NYPress.com, November 15, 2012, as accessed November 28, 2012.
77. ^ Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for "Charter School" "Success Academy Charter School – Bronx 3 (formerly Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 3)" & "Hearing Date" "December 17, 2013" [sic]), as accessed January 16 & 17, 2013, p. 1 (hearing date appears from context to have been in 2012, not in the then future).
      Proposed to rename, according to SUNY: Memorandum from Kenneth P. O'Brien, Chair, Education, College Readiness & Success Committee to committee members, subject "Revisions to Merge Charter Schools into Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3 (Manhattan)" (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Office of Board of Trustees, April 24, 2012), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 2. Cite error: The named reference "PubHgSumSABx31217-SUNY-p1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
78. Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit. (Misplaced Pages has articles on Bank Street College of Education and the traditional Catholic school model).
79. Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 2, 3 and 4, op. cit., p. 2 (Misplaced Pages has an article on Queens).
80. ^ School Culture (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 7, 2012.
81. A.C.T.I.O.N. Values (Success Academy Charter Schools), as accessed September 7, 2012.
82. Lorenzo, Stephen, & Bill Hutchinson, Daily News Readers Care to Feed the Hungry Food Drive: Meal's on Us (and Them): Students at Brooklyn's Edward R. Murrow High School Donate 2,000 Pounds of Food to News' Holiday Drive, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), December 4, 2012, 9:46 p.m., as accessed December 6, 2012 (newspaper sponsored food drive).
83. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible: How the Secrets of the Success Academies Can Work in Any School (San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass (imprint of Wiley), 1st ed., 2012 (ISBN 978-1-118-16728-1)), p. 104 & passim (coauthors Moskowitz CEO & Lavinia literacy coach, Success Academy Charter Schools).
84. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., pp. 104 & 157.
85. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 104.
86. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 104 and see p. 92 (using Success For All for testing students' progress).
87. "cademically disadvantaged": Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 104.
88. "isadvantaged": Charter Schools Institute, Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 6 and 7 (State University of N.Y.), September 9, 2009 (application recommendation), as accessed January 10, 2010 (Harlem Success Academy former name).
89. Benjamin, Liz, host, Eva Moskowitz Touts Charter School Success, op. cit. (approximately 0 min. 14 sec. from start to approx. 0 min. 17 sec. & approx. 0 min. 35 sec. from start to approx. 0 min. 41 sec., both as accessed August 11, 2012).
90. ^ Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 4 (p. 6 per PDF viewer).
91. ^ Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 5, as accessed May 19, 2012.
92. ^ Spencer, Kyle, Special Ed: Charter-School Champ Eva Moskowitz Makes a Play For Brownstone New York, in Capital New York, May 12, 2011, 8:48 a.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
93. ^ Spencer, Kyle, With Blocks, Educators Go Back to Basics, in N.Y. Times, November 27, 2011, as accessed May 16, 2012.
94. ^ Brodwin, Erin, Opening the Doors to the Future for Students, op. cit.
95. Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 4.
      On Commitment Contracts as a form of encouragement: proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, op. cit., , p.  of atch. (p. 22 per PDF viewer).
96. Uniforms apart from colors:
        Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit., pp. 1 & 3.
        Bungeroth, Megan Finnegan, Upper West Success Settles in After Controversial Start, in West Side Spirit (New York, N.Y.), December 1, 2011, p. 8.
      Colors of uniforms:
        Collins, Lisa M., Charter War Cobble Hill, op. cit.
        Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 4.
        Anderson, Lincoln, Charges Over Charters Fly as Eva Enters Wash. Irving, in The Villager, April 4, 2013, as accessed April 6, 2013.
97. Proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, op. cit., Attachment 51-1, p.  of atch. (p. 1327 per PDF viewer).
98. ^ Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 4, as accessed May 19, 2012.
99. Behavioral training in kindergarten: Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit., p. 1.
      Two weeks: Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 5.
100. Noguera, prof., Steinhardt School, is a "SUNY trustee who chairs the charter-authorizing committee": Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 4.
       Grooming conformism: Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 5.
101. ^ Bungeroth, Megan Finnegan, Upper West Success Settles in After Controversial Start, op. cit.
102. ^ Tsuei, Christina, Teaching Math to Spark Creative Thinking, in The Wall Street Journal (online), December 14, 2010, & November 28, 2011, 4:25:00 p.m. (video with captions), as accessed May 19 & August 18, 2012 (Success Academy Harlem 4).
103. ^ U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 15.
104. ^ Kamenetz, Anya, Invasion of the Charter Schools: Former City Councilmember Eva Moskowitz, with Bloomberg's Union-Busting Blessing, is Pushing her Success Academy Edu-Franchise into Brooklyn. The Natives Aren't Buying., in The Village Voice (New York, N.Y.), January 30, 2013 ([§] News), as accessed February 3, 2013 (also in print newspaper, vol. LVIII, no. 5, January 30–February 5, 2013, pp. 9–15 and see p.  (cover story)).
105. ^ Anderson, Lincoln, Charges Over Charters Fly as Eva Enters Wash. Irving, op. cit.
106. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., pp. 13 & 15.
107. ^ Dickter, Adam, Back to the Classroom, in The N.Y. Jewish Week (Manhattan ed.), vol. 218, issue 35, January 13, 2006, p. 40.
108. Green, Elizabeth, Eli Broad Invests $2.5 million in Two City Charter School Networks, in GothamSchools, April 9, 2009, 7:29 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
109. ^ Back to School for Moskowitz, in Crain's New York Business, November 27, 2006, 5:45 p.m., as accessed June 4, 2012.
110. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 13.
111. ^ Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Proposal to Establish the Success Academy Charter School (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, September 14, 2010), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 3 (p. 4 per PDF viewer).
112. Brodwin, Erin, Opening the Doors to the Future for Students, op. cit.
       Variety of sports: Markham, Isobel, Uptown Elementary Schools Struggle to Meet State Phys Ed Mandates, in The Uptowner, as accessed December 22, 2012.
       Karate: Maxfield, Jen, Lucky Night For a Few Students, Eyewitness News, Local News, on WABC-TV, New York, N.Y., April 24, 2009, as accessed June 16, 2012 (approximately 0 min. 10 sec. from start to approx. 0 min. 13 sec.).
113. Markham, Isobel, Uptown Elementary Schools Struggle to Meet State Phys Ed Mandates, op. cit.
114. ^ Morris, C. Zawadi, Parents Ask for More Police Presence After 5 Shootings in 8 Days Outside of School on Tompkins Ave, in Bed-Stuy Patch, February 15, 2013, as accessed February 27, 2013.
115. ^ Barron, Langnee, Kindergarteners Prep for College with School Tour of New York University, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), June 23, 2011, 4:00 a.m., as accessed May 11, 2012.
116. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, on NY1 Online, in Eva Moskowitz Discusses Charter Schools and Mission Possible, August 14, 2012, as accessed August 26, 2012 (transcribed directly from audio) (approximately 2 minutes 45 seconds from start to approx. 2 min. 49 sec.) (probably same video on NY1 website: NY1 News & Errol Louis, host, NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Success, 2013 Mayoral Election, on NY1 (Inside City Hall), July 3, 2012, 7:30 p.m., as accessed August 27, 2012).
117. Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Proposal to Establish the Bronx Success Academy Charter School 3 (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, September 14, 2010), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 2 and see p. 8 (p. 3 & 9, respectively, per PDF viewer) (Success Academy Bronx 3 did not open at the time contemplated by this document and a new proposal came later).
118. ^ Johnson, Stephon, Mastery at the Harlem Success Academy (with single quotation marks around "Mastery"), in N.Y. Amsterdam News (possibly vol. 100 & no. 25), June 18–24, 2009, p. 29, as accessed February 16, 2010 (Harlem Success Academy former name).
119. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 164.
120. ^ Mays, Jeff, Russian Chess Grandmaster Garry Kasparov Visits Success Academy Harlem, in DNAinfo (New York), May 1, 2013, 4:54 p.m., as accessed May 4, 2013.
121. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 8 (p. 10 per PDF viewer) (the passage asserts it was thus "a 491% increase in one year" but intention probably either "a 391% increase in one year" or that it was "491% of the earlier amount").
122. ^ Hernandez, Javier C., A Moo-Moo Here, and Better Test Scores Later, in N.Y. Times, October 19, 2009, as accessed May 16, 2012.
123. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 7.
124. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. 387–389 and see pp. –358.
125. ^ Benjamin, Liz, host, Eva Moskowitz Touts Charter School Success, op. cit. (approximately 1 min. 38 sec. from timed start to approx. 2 min. 4 sec., as accessed August 11, 2012).
126. ^ Morales, Mark, New Success Charter Academy School Opens in Cobble Hill, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), updated August 29, 2012, 8:10 p.m., as accessed August 31, 2012.
127. Bouaou, Samira, Teachers Find Ways to Motivate Students for Exams, in The Epoch Times, April 19, 2013, as accessed April 20, 2013.
128. External Evaluation Report, op. cit., p. 9 (p. 11 in PDF reader) (quoting students).
129. Tomassoni, Teresa, Blackboard Awards: Lisa Harrelson, She Cheers Students and They Return the Favor, in N.Y. Press (possibly West Side Spirit), June 13, 2012, as accessed July 14, 2012.
130. ^ Six Books a Week: Harlem Parents are Voting For Charter Schools with Their Feet, in The Economist, May 8, 2008, as accessed June 2, 2012.
131. Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 2, 3 and 4, op. cit., pp. 2–3 & 9.
132. Goldberg, Shelley, Third-Grade Math Bee Champs Discuss Keys To Success, on NY1, December 22, 2010, 4:01 p.m., as accessed June 16, 2012 (Goldberg correspondent on parenting) (Misplaced Pages has an article on spelling bees).
133. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 211.
134. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 9 (Misplaced Pages has an article on the Fountas & Pinnell Benchmark Assessment (F&P)).
135. ^ Powell, Michael, An Upstairs-Downstairs Divide at a Public School Building in East Harlem, op. cit.
136. ^ Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), op. cit.
137. Other than "5:00": Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 4, 2012.
       Specifically "5:00": Cromidas, Rachel, & Philissa Cramer, Striking Deal with Touro, Success Jumps into Teacher Preparation, in GothamSchools, October 19, 2012, 3:35 p.m., as accessed October 20, 2012.
138. Proposal Summary Form (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute), for Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 2 proposed to open August, 2012, as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 2 (p. 3 in PDF viewer).
139. ^ Cromidas, Rachel, et al., Striking Deal with Touro, Success Jumps into Teacher Preparation, op. cit.
140. One day a week, not recalled if Wednesdays or specific time: Rogers, Josh, Hype Fuels Charter Fight (or The Truth Behind Eva's [sic] Moskowitz's Battle to Open an UWS Charter School), op. cit.
       Wednesdays till 2 p.m., according to authors affiliated with Success Academy: Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 44.
141. Johnson, Stephon, Mastery at the Harlem Success Academy, op. cit.
       Student's comment: Richards, Tony, In Harlem, Charter School Parents and Students Target NAACP, in GothamSchools, May 26, 2011, 4:44 p.m., as accessed May 25, 2012.
142. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 14.
143. ^ Robberson, Tod, Dallas Has a Lot to Learn From NYC's Charter School Experiment, in The Dallas Morning News, July 18, 2010, 11:58 a.m. C.D.T. & January 18, 2011, 8:07 p.m. C.S.T. (opinion column), as accessed June 23, 2012.
144. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 410 and see p. 164 (basketball).
145. Announced early on the Tuesday afternoon of the week of Sandy: GothamSchools, on Twitter, October 30, 2012, 12:23 p.m., as accessed November 3, 2012 (twitter.com/gothamschools is associated with gothamschools.org according to http://gothamschools.org/?s=Twitter, as accessed December 15, 2012) (unknown if this announcement was the first during the week of Sandy) (ow.ly link was for Facebook info, not about closings).
146. Christ, Lindsey, Most Schools Reopen, But Thousands of Students Must be Relocated by Wednesday, on NY1, updated November 6, 2012, 12:10 p.m., as accessed November 7, 2012 (15 Success Academies listed).
147. ^ Brill, Steven, The Teachers' Unions' Last Stand, in N.Y. Times, in Magazine, Sunday, May 23, 2010, p. MM32 (print version may differ), as accessed June 10, 2010.
148. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 390.
149. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., pp. 59 & 147.
150. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 24.
151. ^ U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 11.
152. Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, op. cit. (video) (approximately 8 min. 48 sec. from start to approx. 9 min. 1 sec.), as accessed June 23, 2012.
153. ^ Mays, Jeff, Kids at Harlem Success Academy Hit Million Book Milestone, in DNAinfo, February 16, 2011, 6:19 p.m., updated February 17, 2011, 7:10 a.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
154. Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, op. cit. (video) (approximately 8 min. 5 sec. from start to approx. 8 min. 12 sec.), as accessed June 30, 2012.
155. Mitchell, Nancy, 5 Questions For Eva Moskowitz, op. cit. (video) (approximately 6 min. 22 sec. from start to approx. 6 min. 39 sec.), as accessed June 23, 2012.
156. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., pp. 8–9 (pp. 10–11 per PDF viewer) (quoted part at p. 9 (p. 11 per PDF viewer)) (the passage asserts from 12 to 35 was "an increase of 292% in one year" but intention probably either "an increase of 192% in one year" or that it was "292% of the earlier amount").
157. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. .
158. Names for teachers' school are according to Moskowitz and Lavinia: Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 51 & passim.
159. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. –358.
160. Ronalds-Hannon, Eliza, Finding a Cure For Public Education's Ills, in Crain's New York Business, July 19, 2011, 3:47 p.m., as accessed June 4, 2012.
161. ^ Anon, For the Record, in The Chief, August 3, 2012, op. cit.
162. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 3 min. 55 sec. from start to approx. 4 min. 17 sec.).
163. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 115.
164. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., pp. 45–46.
165. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 409.
166. ^ Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 39.
167. ^ Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (in video approximately 8 min. 38 sec. from start to approx. 8 min. 53 sec.).
168. ^ Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 6 min. 3 sec. from start to approx. 6 min. 16 sec. & approx. 6 min. 46 sec. from start to approx. 7 min. 2 sec.).
169. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 3 min. 5 sec. from start to approx. 3 min. 10 sec.).
170. ^ Class Measures for SUNY Charter Schools Institute, External Evaluation Report: Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3, as accessed January 20, 2013, p. 11 (p. 13) (visit April 8–9, 2010).
171. Rosato, Ken, host, New York Viewpoint, on WABC-TV, New York, N.Y., July 25, 2010, part 3, passim, as accessed June 16, 2012 (including poverty not being an excuse for children as nonreaders (approximately 3 min. 30 sec. from start (not counting advertisement preceding start)) and approx. 15% of children being in special education (approx. 7 min. 44 sec. from start)).
172. Spencer, Kyle, Special Ed, op. cit. (Misplaced Pages has articles on The Brearley School, The Dalton School, and Trinity School (the last assuming the one meant was the one in New York, N.Y., although others are also in articles in Misplaced Pages)).
173. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 14 (Misplaced Pages has articles on Singapore, Korea, and Finland).
174. Our Results (Success Academy Charter Schools), as accessed January 23, 2012.
175. ^ Kolodner, Meredith, Harlem Success Charter Lives Up to its Name; 95% of Third-Graders Pass State English Exams, op. cit.
176. N.Y. State Test Scores, all tests, N.Y. Times, November 10, 2009, as accessed January 10, 2010.
177. N.Y. State Test Scores, for English, N.Y. Times, November 18, 2009, as accessed January 10, 2010.
178. N.Y. State Test Scores, for math, N.Y. Times, November 13, 2009, as accessed January 10, 2010.
179. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 3 (p. 5 per PDF viewer).
180. ^ Fertig, Beth, Feds Award Five City Schools Blue Ribbons, in SchoolBook, September 7, 2012, 2:51 p.m., as accessed September 17, 2012.
181. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 303.
182. Quotation: Klein, Joel, The Failure of American Schools, op. cit.
       Similar to quotation: Hess, Rick, Straight Up Conversation, Part II: Joel Klein on Lessons Learned & the Changing Ed Landscape (Rick Hess Straight Up), in Education Week, February 3, 2011, 9:43 a.m., as accessed May 19, 2012.
183. Decker, Geoff, School Report Cards Stabilize After Years of Unpredictability, in GothamSchools, September 23, 2011, 4:49 p.m., as accessed May 25, 2012.
184. Thompson, Zale, U.S. Representative Jim Clyburn, Highest-Ranking African-American in Congress, Honored, in N.Y. Amsterdam News (possibly vol. 100 & no. 14), April 2–8, 2009, p. 17 (Harlem Success Academy former name).
185. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p.  (Success Academy Harlem 1 formerly Harlem Success Academy 1).
186. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. .
187. Richards, Tony, In Harlem, Charter School Parents and Students Target NAACP, op. cit., as accessed May 25, 2012.
188. ^ Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, op. cit., p. 3, as accessed May 19, 2012.
189. ^ Short, Aaron, Fighting Over 'Success' — Opponents Call Planned W'burg Charter 'racist' , in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 3, January 18, 2012, as accessed July 12 & 14, 2012.
190. Hentoff, Nat, Learning Why We're Americans, in The Village Voice (New York, N.Y.), April 18, 2006, p. 1 (online), as accessed June 2, 2012.
191. ^ Spencer, Kyle, In New Book, Success Academy Operator Promotes Charter Schools and Offers Advice, in SchoolBook, June 14, 2012, 1:26 p.m., as accessed June 23, 2012.
192. Proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, op. cit., Attachment 04-1, p.  of atch. (p. 27 per PDF viewer).
193. Hess, Rick, Straight Up Conversation, Part II, op. cit. ("in NYC" bracketed in original).
194. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 12.
195. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., pp. 11–12 (" zoned public schools, the Archdiocese and other charters such as Democracy Prep, Girls Prep, KIPP, Explore, Uncommon Schools and Achievement First ... culminat ... in events like the Harlem Education Fair, which attracted 3,000 people at its peak.") (Misplaced Pages has articles on Girls Prep, Uncommon Schools, and Harlem Education Fair).
196. Proposal (untitled) to State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, for Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 2 proposed to open August, 2012, as accessed January 20, 2013, attachment 1-1, p.  (p. 4 in PDF viewer).
197. Lead Teacher (Success Charter Network), as accessed August 2 & 4, 2012 (document hosted by Howard University, Graduate School, Office of Retention, Mentoring and Support).
198. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p.  fn.
199. Our History (Success Academy Charter Schools) > 2011 (official website), as accessed February 13, 2012.
200. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 32.
201. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc (sic)) (in video approximately 4 min. 28 sec. from start to approx. 4 min. 32 sec. & approx. 8 min. 55 sec. from start to approx. 9 min. 6 sec.).
202. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc (sic)) (in video approximately 8 min. 17 sec. from start to approx. 8 min. 24 sec.).
203. Proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, op. cit., Attachment 21(a)-1, p.  of atch. (p. 934 per PDF viewer).
204. Rosato, Ken, host, New York Viewpoint, op. cit. (in video approximately 5 min. 50 sec. from start (not counting advertisement preceding start) to approx. 5 min. 57 sec.).
205. ^ Phillips, Anna M., High Teacher Turnover at a Success Network School, in SchoolBook, October 19, 2011, 1:28 p.m., as accessed June 7, 2012.
206. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 6 (p. 8 per PDF viewer).
207. Moore, Tina, Ken Lovett, Ben Lesser, & Ben Chapman, New York City Charter Schools Have a Higher Percentage of Better Teachers than Public Schools, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 28, 2012, 10:21 p.m., as accessed April 4, 2012.
208. Merriman, James, Letter: Charter Schools Are Held Accountable, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, March 8–14, 2012, p. 12, in Opinion.
209. ^ U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 17.
210. Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 5 min. 56 sec. from start to approx. 6 min. 2 sec.).
211. Moskowitz, Eva, Charter-School Envy: Spotlight on District Dysfunction, in New York Post, last updated July 22, 2012, 11:41 p.m., as accessed July 25, 2012 (opinion column).
212. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 424.
213. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. 162–163.
214. ^ Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 7 min. 42 sec. from start to approx. 7 min. 57 sec. & approx. 8 min. 3 sec. from start to approx. 8 min. 13 sec.).
215. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 163.
216. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. 423–424 and see (on one teacher) pp. 425, 427, & 430.
217. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 430.
218. On teachers' times and retention: Newman, Maria, Jim Manly, op. cit.
       On when students finish: Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), op. cit.
219. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 428.
220. Green, Elizabeth, Harlem's School Choice, op. cit., p. 1.
221. Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 2, 3 and 4, op. cit., p. 3 (referring to Success Charter Network, since renamed Success Academy Charter Schools).
222. The Proposed Co-Location of Grades Five through Eight of Success Academy Charter School – Harlem 2 (84M384) with Academy for Social Action: A College Board School (05M367), I.S. M286 Renaissance Leadership Academy (05M286), The Urban Assembly Institute for New Technologies (05M410), and Urban Assembly School for Performing Arts (05M369) in Building M043 Beginning in 2014–2015 (Notice) (N.Y.: NYC Department of Education), January 18, 2013, as accessed January 30, 2013, p. .
223. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p.  and see pp. 5–6 (pp. 3 & 7–8, respectively, per PDF viewer).
224. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 5 (p. 7 per PDF viewer).
225. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., pp.  & 4 (pp. 3 & 6, respectively, per PDF viewer).
226. ^ Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., pp. 4–5 (pp. 6–7, respectively, per PDF viewer).
227. ^ Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 8 (p. 10 per PDF viewer).
228. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 5 (p. 7 per PDF viewer).
229. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 8 (p. 10 per PDF viewer).
230. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., pp. 3 & 6–9 (pp. 5 & 8–11 per PDF viewer).
231. ^ Louis, Errol, The Next Charter School War: Eva Moskowitz is Ready to Expand Into a Wealthier, Whiter Nabes (sic), in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), October 17, 2010, p. 2, as accessed June 30, 2012.
232. ^ Gonzalez, Juan, Eva Moskowitz Has Special Access to Schools Chancellor Klein – and Support Others Can Only Dream Of, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 25, 2010, as accessed March 7, 2010.
233. A-Aleem (possibly same as Abdul-Aleem), Maryam, Despite Protests, Harlem Success Academy Still Moving to P.S. 123, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, vol. 101, no. 16, April 15–21, 2010, p. 29, col. 5.
234. ^ Winerip, Michael, Charter School Space: Free of Rent, Maybe, But Not of Hurdles, in N.Y. Times, April 25, 2011, p. A.21, as accessed August 20, 2012, 9:19:55 p.m.
235. ^ Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. .
236. ^ Louis, Errol, host, Inside City Hall, op. cit. (title in video: NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Suc [sic]) (approximately 0 min. 7 sec. from start to approx. 0 min. 23 sec. (name "Eva Moskowitz" said by approx. 0 min. 38 sec.), in page text, as accessed August 27, 2012, & in NY1 News, NY1 Online: Charter Schools Chief Discusses Success, 2013 Mayoral Election, as accessed August 27, 2012).
237. Powell, Michael, An Upstairs-Downstairs Divide at a Public School Building in East Harlem, op. cit. (Misplaced Pages has an article on the "Type A" personality).
238. Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit. (Misplaced Pages has articles on the New York Legislature, which includes the Assembly, Assemblymember Keith L. T. Wright, the New York State Democratic Committee, and politics).)
239. ^ Green, Elizabeth, What Is It About Eva Moskowitz that Attracts So Many Enemies?, in GothamSchools, February 27, 2009, 6:52 p.m., as accessed June 8, 2012.
240. ^ Coplon, Jeff, The Patron Saint (and Scourge) of Lost Schools, in New York magazine, April 25, 2010, as accessed May 19, 2012.
       Other than percentage but still "less money": Abdul-Aleem, Maryam, Protests Continue For P.S. 123, in N.Y. Amsterdam News (possibly vol. 100 & no. 28), July 9–15, 2009, p. 32.
241. Work-week of 70 hours: Powell, Michael, An Upstairs-Downstairs Divide at a Public School Building in East Harlem, op. cit., June 25, 2012.
       "A ... 14-hour day": Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit.
242. ^ Gonzalez, Juan, Former City Council Member Eva Moskowitz Makin' a Bundle at Nonprofit Schools, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 27, 2009, as accessed February 28, 2010 (comparison also to SUNY's then-chancellor's pay).
243. ^ Eichna, Charlotte, Charter Crusader, op. cit., p. 11, cols. 1–2.
244. Eichna, Charlotte, Charter Crusader, op. cit., p. 11, col. 1.
245. ^ Winerip, Michael, Message From a Charter School: Thrive or Transfer., in N.Y. Times (N.Y. ed.), July 10 or 11, 2011, p. A14, as accessed January 30, 2012.
246. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., passim.
247. Kolker, Robert, How Is a Hedge Fund Like a School?, in New York, February 12, 2006, as accessed January 10, 2010.
248. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 327 and see passim.
249. Our Leaders (Success Academy Charter Schools), as accessed September 4, 2012.
250. ^ Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 155.
251. ^ Fertig, Beth, Success Academy Blitzes Cobble Hill, in SchoolBook, January 5, 2012, 5:39 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
252. ^ Christ, Lindsey, State Board Approves Trustees Merger For Five Success Academy Schools, on NY1, April 24, 2012, 10:42 p.m., as accessed June 16, 2012.
253. Summary, op. cit. (Univ. of the State of N.Y., September 4, 2012), p. 2.
254. ^ Decker, Geoff, Charter School Rally Brings Out Deep Tensions Within the Sector, in GothamSchools, June 6, 2012, 11:55 a.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
255. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 142.
256. Success Suit: W'burg Parents Sue Charter Before Key School Vote, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 10, March 1, 2012, as accessed July 12 & September 4, 2012.
257. ^ Lewis, Jason, Parents, Students and Community Not Sure They Have Real Voice in School Co-Location Process, in The Village Voice: Blogs (New York, N.Y.) (online), p. 2, December 20, 2012, 3:16 p.m., as accessed December 22, 23, & 29, 2012.
258. Benjamin, Liz, host, Eva Moskowitz Touts Charter School Success, op. cit. (approximately 11 min. 26 sec. from start to approx. 12 min. 7 sec., as accessed August 26, 2012).
259. ^ Cramer, Philissa, Call For Ban on Co-Locations has Charter School Backers Nervous, in GothamSchools, January 31, 2013, 6:08 p.m., as accessed Feb. 2, 2013.
260. ^ Anand, Anika, De Blasio [sic] Takes On City's Treatment of Moskowitz Charter Schools, in GothamSchools, April 22, 2013, 7:46 p.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
261. Outing, Alicia, & Samantha Saly, High Stakes Charter School Lottery Prompts Anxiety for Harlem Families, in Columbia Daily Spectator, April 18, 2008, 3:06 a.m., as accessed April 13, 2013 (year determined from URL) (SA schools group then known as Harlem Success Academy).
262. Eva Moskowitz Testimony, op. cit.
263. Hearings: Full Committee: February 24, 2010: H.R. 4330, 'All Students Achieving through Reform Act of 2009' (Education & the Workforce Committee, February 24, 2010), as accessed March 23 & 24, 2013.
       Stombres, Rich, Hearing on H.R. 4330 'All Students Achieving through Reform Act of 2009': Witness List (Washington, D.C.: Committee on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives, February 24, 2010), as accessed March 23 & 24, 2013 (part of title italicized in original).
264. H.R. 4330, the All Students Achieving through Reform Act of 2009 (Washington, D.C.: Committee on Education and the Workforce Democrats, U.S. House of Representatives) (hearing of February 24, 2010), as accessed March 23 & 24, 2013.
265. Gootman, Elissa, Charter School Chief Keeps a Hand in Politics, op. cit. (including Harlem Parents United).
266. Chapman, Ben, Parents Rally in Harlem to Protest NAACP's Involvement in School Closure Lawsuit, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), May 26, 2011, 11:36a, as accessed May 16, 2012.
267. ^ Barker, Cyril Josh, Dukes Up: NAACP Defends Position on Charter Schools, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, vol. 102, no. 23, June 9–15, 2011, p. 34, col 4.
268. Moskowitz, Eva, & Arin Lavinia, Mission Possible, op. cit., p. 34.
269. Proposal (untitled) for Success Academy Charter School to open in August, 2011, in District 3, op. cit., Attachment 24(a)-1, p.  of atch. (p. 946 per PDF viewer).
270. ^ Hoffman, Meredith, Lawsuit Against Williamsburg's Success Academy Charter School Dismissed, in DNAinfo, updated June 4, 2012, 2:17 p.m., as accessed June 23, 2012.
271. ^ Moskowitz, Eva, Seeking Real Diversity In New Schools, in SchoolBook (Viewpoint), August 16, 2012, 1:14 p.m., as accessed August 17, 2012.
272. Gonzalez, Juan, Local Charter Schools Like Harlem Success is [sic] Big Business as Millions Are Poured into Marketing, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), October 1, 2010, as accessed July 14, 2011.
273. Short, Aaron, Success's Success! City Approves Controversial Charter's W'burg Bid, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 10, March 2, 2012, as accessed July 12, 2012.
274. Short, Aaron, Redefining Success: Controversial Charter Ups Marketing Amid Lawsuit, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 11, March 12, 2012, as accessed July 12, 2012.
275. Offer and to whom: Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit., p. 3.
       Weekly basis: Bungeroth, Megan Finnegan, Upper West Success Settles in After Controversial Start, op. cit.
       Individual tours not generally offered: Otterman, Sharon, In 'Waiting for Superman,' a Scene Isn't What It Seems, in N.Y. Times, November 2, 2010, 4:09 p.m., as accessed June 8, 2012 (single quotation marks so in original).
276. Looking to Apply to Our Schools? (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 31 & September 4, 2012.
277. Success Academy schools generally: Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), op. cit.
       Success Academy Cobble Hill school specifically: Collins, Lisa M., Charter War Cobble Hill, op. cit.
278. On school progress report: Rogers, Josh, City Passive on Goal to Open Charter to More UWS Kids, in West Side Spirit (New York, N.Y.), February 3, 2011, p. 10.
       On other than school progress report: Douglas, Rebecca, Open Charter to Local Kids, Board Says, in West Side Spirit (New York, N.Y.), December 23, 2010, p. 6, cols. 1–2.
279. ^ Success Academy Charter Schools Target Mainstream: 'At-Risk' Kids No Longer Get Preferential Treatment, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, March 30, 2012, as accessed June 2 & 18, 2012.
280. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 167.
281. Charter Schools Institute, Summary of Findings and Recommendations, op. cit.
282. Both quotations: Katz, Mathew, Success Academy Charter Schools Get Record Number of Applications, op. cit.
283. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p.  and see p. .
284. Louis, Errol, The Lottery Documentary Shows Education Is a Sure Bet ("The Lottery" in single quotation marks in original title of article) (opinion), in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), April 29, 2010, as accessed May 1, 2010.
285. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 284 and see p. .
286. O'Neill, Natalie, High-Powered Eva Moskowitz Wants to Open a Charter School in MS 447, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 34, no. 42, October 19, 2011, updated 11:53 a.m., as accessed July 12, 2012 (unclear if applicable only to the proposed school in Williamsburg or to all Success Academies, given tense and context in source).
287. Lottery 101 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed December 14, 2012.
288. For school year 2013-2014: Questions & Answers (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website) ([§] When Is the Deadline to Apply For the 2013-2014 School Year?), as accessed December 14, 2012.
289. Newman, Maria, Jim Manly, op. cit.
290. Contact Us (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed June 22, 2012, & August 31, 2012.
291. ^ Moskowitz, Eva, A To-Do List For N.Y.C. Schools Chancellor Cathie Black: Eva Moskowitz Lays Out Her Priorities, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), p. 1 (online), November 15, 2010, 4:00 a.m. (opinion) (author not staff writer (newspaper byline erroneous)), as accessed May 11, 2012.
292. ^ Santos, Fernanda, On Upper West Side, Hurdles for Charter School, in N.Y. Times, January 21, 2011, as accessed May 16, 2012.
293. Short, Aaron, Success Charter School Lawsuit: Judge Dismisses Cases Against Success Charter Schools in Williamsburg and Cobble Hill, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 23, June 5, 2012, as accessed July 12 & 14, 2012 (quoting attorney Arthur Schwartz, who represented opponents in a lawsuit against Success Academy Charter Schools (suit dismissed)).
294. Find a School (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20 & 31, 2012.
295. Johnson, Mary, Six More Success Academy Charter Schools Coming to Manhattan and Brooklyn, in DNAinfo, updated June 27, 2012, 8:31 a.m., as accessed July 14, 2012.
296. ^ Lestch, Corinne, New Success Academy Charter School Headed by Eva Moskowitz to Open in the Bronx with Little Parent Say: New Charter Will Share Space with Public School 146; Parents There Say School Already Crowded, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), January 14, 2013, 6:00 a.m., as accessed January 15, 2013.
297. ^ Lewis, Jason, Update: Parents, Students and Community Not Sure They Have Real Voice in School Co-Location Process, in The Village Voice: Blogs (New York, N.Y.) (online), December 21, 2012, 4:37 p.m., as accessed December 26 & 29, 2012.
298. Fleisher, Lisa, Moskowitz Delays a Run, in The Wall Street Journal (probably online ed.), June 26, 2012, as of 10:20 p.m. E.T., as accessed July 14, 2012.
       An exception reported by Lestch (Lestch, Corinne, New Success Academy Charter School Headed by Eva Moskowitz to Open in the Bronx with Little Parent Say, op. cit.) was in effect contradicted by the City (School Search (NYC Department of Education) (with Search Results sorted by distance), as accessed January 16, 2013).
299. ^ Quinlan, Casey, Charter School Tensions Running High, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), July 16, 2012, as accessed July 25, 2012.
300. anon, Sharing Space Successfully: The Improving Performance of District Schools That "co-locate" with Public Charter Schools (Success Charter Network) (June, 2011), as accessed August 20, 2012 (PDF file), p. 1 and see pp. 3–4.
301. ^ Report: Co-Locating Charter Schools and District Schools Improves Overall Performance Within NYC School Buildings (Success Charter Network), as accessed August 20, 2012.
302. anon, Sharing Space Successfully, op. cit., p. 3.
303. anon, Sharing Space Successfully, op. cit., p. 4.
304. ^ Moskowitz, Eva, Unions vs. Charters, When It's Convenient, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), June 22, 2012, 4:19 a.m. (opinion), as accessed June 23, 2012.
305. Both quotations: Hills, Jessica, How We Learn to Live Without Rooms of Our Own, in Columbia Daily Spectator, October 27, 2010, 9:10 p.m., as accessed April 13, 2013 (year determined from URL) (SA schools group then known as Harlem Success Academy).
306. anon, Sharing Space Successfully, op. cit., pp. 1–3 and see p. 4.
307. "emove the threat of closure": anon, Sharing Space Successfully, op. cit., p. 1.
308. Abdul-Aleem, Maryam, Charter Schools and the Opposition, in N.Y. Amsterdam News (possibly vol. 100 & no. 41), October 8–14, 2009, p. 32.
309. Goldstein, Arthur, More Equal than Others, in GothamSchools.org, July 30, 2009, as accessed January 10, 2010.
310. O'Neill, Natalie, Millman Carries Teachers Union's Spear in Charter School Battle, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 34, no. 47, November 23, 2011, as accessed July 12 & 14, 2012.
311. Abdul-Aleem, Maryam, Charter School Co-Locations Challenged, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, vol. 101, no. 15, April 8–14, 2010, p. 26, in Education Today.
312. ^ Phillips, Anna M., & Sharon Otterman, In Rally, N.A.A.C.P. Defends Suit to Stop School Closings, in N.Y. Times, June 3, 2011, 4:55 p.m., as accessed May 16, 2012.
313. Charter Schools and the NAACP: Advancing Coloured People?, in The Economist, June 23, 2011, as accessed May 19, 2012.
314. Santos, Fernanda, N.A.A.C.P. on Defensive as Suit on Charter Schools Splits Group's Supporters, in N.Y. Times, June 10, 2011, as accessed May 16, 2012.
315. D'souza, Rose, Parents Contest Charter Schools Proposed For Crowded District 2, in GothamSchools, May 2, 2012, 11:28 a.m., as accessed May 5, 2012.
316. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. , , & 407.
317. Zehr, Mary Ann, Charter Operators Spell Out Barriers To 'Scaling Up' , in Education Week, vol. 31, no. 1, August 24, 2011, p. 17, col. 5.
318. Abdul-Aleem, Maryam, Charter Schools to Stay Rent-Free, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, January 12–18, 2012, p. 3.
319. The meeting is detailed in Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. –301.
320. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 410 fn.
321. Fleisher, Lisa, Moskowitz Delays a Run, op. cit.
322. ^ Green, Elizabeth, A Harlem Charter School Lights Outside the Book, in The New York Sun, October 5, 2007, as accessed April 27, 2013.
323. ^ Hoffman, Meredith, New Williamsburg Charter School Met With Mixed Feelings, in DNAinfo (Williamsburg, Greenpoint & Bushwick Newsletter), September 6, 2012, 4:51 p.m., as accessed September 7, 2012.
324. ^ Christ, Lindsey, In City Charter School Debate, Cosmetic Upgrades A Factor Too, on NY1, June 21, 2011, 11:42 a.m., as accessed June 16, 2012.
325. ^ Frost, Mary, DeBlasio [sic]: Cobble Hill Schools Stuck with Dangerous PCBs, While Charter in Same Building Cleaned Up, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, as accessed April 27, 2013.
326. Johnson, Stephon, Parents Slam Special Treatment of Moskowitz, PCBs, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, May 6, 2013, 3:40 p.m., as accessed May 7, 2013.
327. ^ Gonzalez, Juan, Gonzalez: Irate Parents, Teachers Say Brooklyn Public Schools Received Meager Improvements as Charter School in Same Building Enjoyed Big Makeover, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), April 18, 2013, 10:59 p.m., as accessed Apr. 23, 2013.
328. Venugopal, Nikhita, De Blasio [sic] Demands Investigation of Cobble Hill Charter School, in DNAinfo, Cobble Hill & Carroll Gardens Newsletter, updated April 24, 2013, 7:25 p.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
329. Lestch, Corinne, & Ben Chapman, Success Academy Cobble Hill Spied On By Teachers Union, Students Photographed: Officials, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), April 26, 2013, 1:11 a.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
330. ^ Cramer, Philissa, New Salvos in Light Fixture War Between UFT and Eva Moskowitz, in GothamSchools, April 25, 2013, 9:24 p.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
331. "Harlem Success Academy Charter School ('Harlem 1') opened its doors in central Harlem in 2006.": Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 2 (p. 4 per PDF viewer).
332. ^ School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed August 20, 2012.
333. Success Academy Harlem 1 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
334. Application Transmittal Form (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, received June 29, 2007) (for Harlem Success Academy Charter School 4), as accessed January 20, 2013, attachment 8b-1 (p. 15 per PDF viewer) (some pages show apparently contradictory dates after date of receipt (including exhibit A-1 (September 11, 2007) (p. 49 per PDF viewer), letter from Internal Revenue Service to Success Charter Network Inc (August 23, 2007) (p. 50 per PDF viewer), Form 1023, p. 11 (stamped August 23, 2007) (p. 57 per PDF viewer), & letter from Internal Revenue Service to Harlem Success Charter School (August 16, 2007) (p. 58 per PDF viewer))).
335. Harlem Success Academy Charter School (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, no date), as accessed April 6 & 14, 2013.
336. Memorandum to Members of the Board of Trustees' Charter Schools Committee from Susan Miller Barker, Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute, subject "Management Fee Increase Charter Revisions for Schools Managed by Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc.", op. cit., p. 1 n. 1.
       Memorandum from Kenneth P. O'Brien, Chair, Education, College Readiness & Success Committee to committee members, subject "Revisions to Merge Charter Schools into Harlem Success Academy Charter School 3 (Manhattan)" (April 24, 2012), op. cit., p. .
337. 2012 - 2013 Approved New York State Charter Schools (Univ. of State of N.Y., N.Y.S. Educ. Dep't, Charter School Office), last updated April 9, 2013, as accessed April 14, 2013.
338. NYS Charter Schools (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, no date), as accessed April 6, 2013.
339. Memorandum to Members of the Board of Trustees' Charter Schools Committee from Susan Miller Barker, Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute, subject "Management Fee Increase Charter Revisions for Schools Managed by Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc.", op. cit., p. 1 n. 1.
340. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., pp. 18–30.
341. Public Notice from SUNY Charter Schools Institute for SUNY Board of Trustees, subject "Notice of Receipt and Pending Action on a Charter Revision Application" (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, December 11, 2012), as accessed January 20, 2013.
342. ^ Summary, op. cit. (Univ. of State of N.Y., September 4, 2012), p. 2.
343. Success Academy Harlem 2 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
344. ^ Memorandum to Members of the Board of Trustees' Charter Schools Committee from Susan Miller Barker, Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute, subject "Management Fee Increase Charter Revisions for Schools Managed by Success Academy Charter Schools, Inc.", op. cit., p. 1 n. 1.
345. The Proposed Co-Location of Grades Five through Eight of Success Academy Charter School – Harlem 2 (84M384) with Academy for Social Action: A College Board School (05M367), I.S. M286 Renaissance Leadership Academy (05M286), The Urban Assembly Institute for New Technologies (05M410), and Urban Assembly School for Performing Arts (05M369) in Building M043 Beginning in 2014–2015, op. cit., p. .
346. Success Academy Harlem 3 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
347. Announcement of a Public Hearing, from SUNY Charter Schools Institute for SUNY Board of Trustees, hearing date April 4, 2012 (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute), as accessed January 20, 2013.
348. Success Academy Harlem 4 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
349. ^ Amended Educational Impact Statement, op. cit.
350. Success Academy Harlem 5 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
351. ^ The Proposed Co-Location and Expansion of Success Academy Charter School – Harlem 5 (84M482) Grades 4–8 with Existing School P.S. 175 Henry H. Garnet (05M175) in Building M175 Beginning in 2013–2014, op. cit., p. .
352. Success Academy Harlem Central (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 18, 2012.
       Either Success Academy Harlem Central or Success Academy Harlem West (it's unknown which) was referred to by Success Academy Harlem 1 as "middle school at Harlem Success 1" (U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., pp. 19, 21, 23, 25, & 27) and as Harlem Success Academy 1 middle school (id., p. 28).
353. ^ School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed August 25, 2012, & February 14, 2013.
354. ^ Success Academy Harlem Central (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), op. cit.
355. Success Academy Harlem West (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 18, 2012.
       Either Success Academy Harlem West or Success Academy Harlem Central (it's unknown which) was referred to by Success Academy Harlem 1 as "middle school at Harlem Success 1" (U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., pp. 19, 21, 23, 25, & 27) and as Harlem Success Academy 1 middle school (id., p. 28).
356. Louis, Errol, The Next Charter School War, op. cit., p. 1.
357. Notice Pursuant to Education Law Subdivision 2857(1) to "Public and Nonpublic Schools in the Same Geographic Area as the Proposed Charter School" from SUNY Charter Schools Institute (for SUNY Board of Trustees, subject "Notice of Approval of Charter School Proposals" (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, October 28, 2010), as accessed January 20, 2013 (the school's name is as stated in the original).
       The school was also referred to as Success Academy, in SUNY Trustees Approve Two New Charter Schools in New York City (Albany, N.Y.: State of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, for immediate release October 27, 2010), as accessed January 20, 2013.
358. School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed August 15, 2011.
359. Success Academy Upper West (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 4, 2012.
360. ^ Frost, Emily, Critics Blast DOE for Plan to Move UWS High School to Washington Heights, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, updated December 5, 2012, 1:42 p.m., as accessed December 8, 2012.
361. ^ Monahan, Rachel, Plan to Push School For At-Risk Kids Out, to Move Well-Connected Charter in: The City is Planning to Create More Space For the Moskowitz Charter School by Moving the Innovation Diploma Plus School to a Washington Heights Building that Lacks Science Labs and a Gym., in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), December 4, 2012, 9:05 p.m., as accessed December 6, 2012.
362. ^ Morales, Mark, Parents Furious Over Shoddy Treatment of Special Needs Children at Two Charter Schools, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), March 14, 2013, 6:28 p.m., as accessed March 16, 2013.
363. ^ Without school name or month: Solomon, Serena, Eva Moskowitz's Success Academy Aims to Open 6 New Charter Schools in 2014, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, February 20, 2013, 6:50 a.m. & updated 4:26 p.m., as accessed February 23, 2013.
       School name, month, & other information: Proposed New Schools (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed February 15, 2013.
364. Litvak, Ed, Success Academy Presents LES Charter School Proposal Tonight, in The Lo-Down: News From the Lower East Side, March 7, 2013, 12:00 p.m., as accessed March 9 & 10, 2013 ("proposals" in original referring to 2 proposed SA schools).
365. Solomon, Serena, Eva Moskowitz's Success Academy Aims to Open 6 New Charter Schools in 2014, op. cit.
       CEC "not at all pleased": Litvak, Ed, Success Academy Presents LES Charter School Proposal Tonight, op. cit. ("proposals" in original referring to 2 proposed SA schools).
366. ^ Solomon, Serena, Eva Moskowitz's Success Academy Aims to Open 6 New Charter Schools in 2014, op. cit.
367. Fleisher, Lisa, New Charters Proposed for Manhattan, op. cit. (of SA schools proposed for Districts 1 and 3 in Manhattan, only one is proposed for Harlem, and District 1 is not in or near Harlem, but District 3 is).
368. Frost, Emily, Parents Worried New Charter School Will Add to Overcrowding, in DNAinfo.com, February 25, 2013, 8:01 a.m., as accessed March 6, 2013.
369. Johnson, Mary, DOE Selects 'Suggested' Sites for Success Academy Collocations, in DNAinfo, updated July 17, 2012, 2:47 p.m., as accessed July 25, 2012.
370. Success Academy Hell's Kitchen (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 7, 2012 (also: name subject to governmental approval).
371. ^ Khan, Yasmeen, Panel Approves Nine New Charters, in SchoolBook, December 21, 2012, 11:18 a.m., as accessed December 22, 2012 (Misplaced Pages has an article on the Panel for Educational Policy).
372. ^ Katz, Mathew, City Approves Success Academy Charter in Hell's Kitchen High School, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, updated December 21, 2012, 9:04 a.m., as accessed December 22, 2012.
373. ^ Johnson, Mary, DOE Selects 'Suggested' Sites for Success Academy Collocations, op. cit.
374. School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed August 17, 2012.
375. ^ Cramer, Philissa, & Geoff Decker, Looking to 2013, City Pitches Space Plans For Success Schools, in GothamSchools, September 25, 2012, 7:33 p.m., as accessed September 29, 2012.
376. ^ Success Academy Hell's Kitchen, op. cit. (official website).
377. Revised: The Proposed Co-location of a New Public Charter School, Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 2 (84MTBD), with Existing Schools Business of Sports School (02M393), Urban Assembly Gateway School for Technology (02M507), and High School of Graphic Communication Arts (02M625) in Building M625 Beginning in the 2013–2014 School Year (Revised Notice) (NYC Department of Education), September 25, 2012, as accessed October 9, 2012, p.  (Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 2, given same address, presumed same as Success Academy Hell's Kitchen).
378. Success Academy Union Square (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 18, 2012 (also: name subject to governmental approval).
379. ^ Success Academy Union Square, op. cit. (official website).
380. SUNY Trustees Approve Nine New Charter Schools For New York City, op. cit. (Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 1 presumed same, given the address, as Success Academy Union Square).
381. K–5: Announcement of a Public Hearing (Updated), hearing date December 10, 2012 (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute), as accessed January 20, 2013 (Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 1 presumed same, given the address, as Success Academy Union Square).
       K–4: Anderson, Lincoln, Charges Over Charters Fly as Eva Enters Wash. Irving, op. cit.
382. Johnson, Mary, Washington Irving Teachers, Parents Protest Success Academy Charter School, in DNAinfo, updated October 26, 2012, 1:58 p.m., as accessed October 27, 2012.
383. Johnson, Mary, Parents, Teachers Turn Out to Oppose Success Academy Charter School, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, updated December 11, 2012, 7:43 a.m., as accessed December 12, 2012.
384. ^ Success Academy Bronx 1 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
385. ^ Akagi, Katie, At Bronx Closure Hearing, an Apology and Pleas For More Space, in GothamSchools, February 20, 2013, 12:54 p.m., as accessed February 23, 2013.
386. Success Academy Bronx 2 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 20, 2012.
       Although the school is reported by Corinne Lestch to be in "its own building" (Lestch, Corinne, New Success Academy Charter School Headed by Eva Moskowitz to Open in the Bronx with Little Parent Say, op. cit.), it is listed by the City has having the same address as another school, P.S. 055 (School Search (NYC Department of Education) (with Search Results sorted by distance), as accessed January 16, 2013).
387. Short or abbreviated name "SA – Bronx 3": Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for "Charter School" "Success Academy Charter School – Bronx 3 (formerly Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 3)" & "Hearing Date" "December 17, 2013"), op. cit., p. 1 (hearing date appears from context to have been in 2012, not in the then future).
388. School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed October 7, 2012.
389. Success Academy Bronx 3 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed October 3, 2012 (also: name & location subject to governmental approval).
390. ^ Success Academy Bronx 3, op. cit. (official website).
391. Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for "Charter School" "Success Academy Charter School – Bronx 3 (formerly Success Academy Charter School – Manhattan 3)" & "Hearing Date" "December 17, 2013"), op. cit., pp. 1–2 (hearing date appears from context to have been in 2012, not in the then future).
392. Progress Report 2011–12 (NYC Department of Education), as accessed January 20, 2013, for "P.S. 146 Edward Collins", p. .
393. N.Y.C. Department of Education, School Search (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed August 15, 2011.
394. Success Academy Bed-Stuy 1 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 8, 2012.
395. ^ Lehpamer, Eileen, Parents Call For Increased Police Patrols Following Recent Shootings Near Brooklyn School, in CBS New York, February 15, 2013, 10:41 a.m., as accessed February 17, 2013.
396. ^ Morales, Mark, & Simone Weichselbaum with Ben Chapman, Flying Bullets Near Bed-Stuy School Grounds Prompt Lockdown For Impressionable Youth; Teachers Call For Greater Police Presence, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 14, 2013, 10:09 p.m., as accessed February 17, 2013.
397. Including quotation: Lehpamer, Eileen, Parents Call For Increased Police Patrols Following Recent Shootings Near Brooklyn School, op. cit.
       Without quotation but with 100 people: Lysiak, Matthew, Parents Chant 'No more guns' Outside Brooklyn School, Demand Better Police Response, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 15, 2013, 12:02 p.m., as accessed February 17, 2013.
398. Success Academy Bed-Stuy 2 (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed September 17, 2012 (school has opened).
399. ^ School Search (N.Y.C. Department of Education) (by address, notwithstanding this URL's query string), as accessed July 7 & 9, 2012.
400. Proposal Transmittal Form (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute), for Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 2 proposed to open August, 2012, as accessed January 20, 2013, p.  (p. 1 in PDF viewer).
       School names: Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 2, which is Success Academy Charter School – Bed-Stuy 2 (Announcement of a Public Hearing (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute, December 6, 2011) from SUNY Charter Schools Institute for SUNY Board of Trustees to "Parents/Guardians of Students in Building K059", as accessed January 20, 2013 (n. 1 refers to old name only as Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School but main text refers to Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 2).), is presumed same as Success Academy Bed-Stuy 2.
401. Johnson, Stephon, Eva Moskowitz vs. Cobble Hill, in N.Y. Amsterdam News, December 22–28, 2011, p. 31.
402. Short, Aaron, Success Charter School Lawsuit: Judge Dismisses Cases Against Success Charter Schools in Williamsburg and Cobble Hill, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 23, June 5, 2012, as accessed June 23, 2012.
403. Frost, Mary, City To Close, Transform and Reopen 33 Schools: 13 Schools in Brooklyn Affected, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle (undated & online), as accessed June 2, 2012.
404. Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 3 on November 29, 2011), as accessed January 20, 2013, p. .
405. Public Hearing Summary (for Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 3 on November 29, 2011), op. cit., esp. pp. 2–3 & 9 (Brooklyn Success Academy Charter School 3, given same address, presumed same as Success Academy Cobble Hill).
406. Venugopal, Nikhita, Charter School Replaced Potentially Contaminated Lights Without DOE Consent, in DNAinfo, Cobble Hill & Carroll Gardens Newsletter, updated April 25, 2013, 10:02 p.m., as accessed April 27, 2013.
407. Prisco, Joanna, Tish James, Success Academy Spar Over Suspension of Special Needs Students, in Carroll Gardens Patch, March 16, 2013, as accessed March 20, 2013.
408. Hanlon, Greg, 'How long have you lived here?': An Argument About Eva Moskowitz, Schools and the Future of Williamsburg, in Capital New York, February 23, 2012, 1:47 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012 (single quotation marks in title so in original).
409. Short, Aaron, W'burg Parents Fight City's School-Closing Plan, in The Brooklyn Paper, vol. 35, no. 3, January 19, 2012, as accessed July 12 & 14, 2012.
410. Decker, Geoff, Critical Stickers Added to Success Academy's New Subway Ads, in GothamSchools, January 13, 2012, 5:59 p.m., as accessed June 2, 2012.
411. anon, Cool at School: Success Academy Charter School Students Learn Yoga, in News 12 Long Island, February 13, 2013, 9:10 & 9:54 a.m., as accessed February 17, 2013.
412. ^ Success Academy Fort Greene (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 18, 2012.
413. "September of 2013–2014": Pavia, Andrew, Parents & Students Protest Proposed Charter School, in Greenpoint Star & Weekly Northside News, December 12, 2012, as accessed December 15, 2012.
       2013: Success Academy Fort Greene (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), op. cit.
414. ^ Lewis, Jason, Parents, Students and Community Not Sure They Have Real Voice in School Co-Location Process, op. cit., p. 1, as accessed December 22 & 23, 2012.
415. School level type:
       J.H.S. 265: Leonard, Paul, McKinney Students Rally Against Charter School: Fort Greene School's Boosters Say Future of Arts-Focused Programs is at Risk., in Fort Greene–Clinton Hill Patch, October 12, 2012, as accessed October 13, 2012.
       M.S. 265: Cramer, Philissa, & Geoff Decker, Looking to 2013, City Pitches Space Plans For Success Schools, op. cit.
       M.S. 265: Lewis, Jason, Parents, Students and Community Not Sure They Have Real Voice in School Co-Location Process, op. cit., p. 1.
416. Address:
       Without building number: Leonard, Paul, McKinney Students Rally Against Charter School: Fort Greene School's Boosters Say Future of Arts-Focused Programs is at Risk., op. cit.
       With building number: Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for Success Academy Charter School – Brooklyn 5) (hearing date December 7, 2013), as accessed January 26, 2013, p. 1 (hearing date year so in original but probably should be 2012).
417. ^ Pavia, Andrew, Parents & Students Protest Proposed Charter School, op. cit.
418. ^ Frost, Mary, Performing Arts School in Brooklyn Protests Loss of Classrooms to Charter School, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, October 12, 2012, as accessed October 18, 2012.
419. ^ Leonard, Paul, McKinney Students Rally Against Charter School, op. cit.
420. Cramer, Philissa, & Geoff Decker, Looking to 2013, City Pitches Space Plans For Success Schools, op. cit.
421. Lewis, Jason, Parents, Students and Community Not Sure They Have Real Voice in School Co-Location Process, op. cit., p. 1.
422. Clark, Amy Sara, Officials Decry 'Rape' Sign at Charter School Protest, in Fort Greene–Clinton Hill Patch, October 19, 2012, as accessed October 20, 2012.
423. Upadhye, Janet, Arts High School Fears Loss of Performance Space to Charter School, in DNAinfo.com New York Neighborhood News, updated December 11, 2012, 6:55 a.m., as accessed December 12, 2012.
424. ^ Success Academy Prospect Heights (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed March 13, 2013.
425. Notice: The Proposed Co-location of a New Public Charter School, Success Academy Charter School – Brooklyn 6 (84KTBD) with Existing School P.S. 138 - Brooklyn (17K138) in Building K138 Beginning in 2013-2014 (N.Y.C. Department of Education, November 5, 2012), as accessed November 14, 2012 (SA school also referred to as SA - Brooklyn 6) (URL likely correct & filename correct) (judging by address, proposed opening year, and proposed starting grades, SA - Brooklyn 6 apparently same as Success Academy Prospect Heights).
426. ^ Morales, Mark, City Plans to Move New Charter School Run by Eva Moskowitz into Crown Heights Building that Officials Said Has No Room: Education Dept. Officials Increased School Capacity – But There Were No Renovations, a Source Said, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), December 13, 2012, 7:01 p.m., as accessed December 15, 2012.
427. Announcement of a Public Hearing (Updated) from SUNY Charter Schools Institute for SUNY Board of Trustees (Albany, N.Y.: State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (hearing date December 6, 2012), as accessed January 20, 2013.
428. The Proposed Co-location of a New Public Charter School Success Academy Charter School Brooklyn 7 (84KTBD) with Existing School Brownsville Academy High School (17K568) in Building K907 Beginning in 2013–2014 (Notice) (NYC Department of Education), September 24, 2012, as accessed October 9, 2012, p. .
429. Khan, Yasmeen, Co-location Victory for Brownsville Academy vs. Success Charter, in SchoolBook, February 21, 2013, 1:56 p.m., as accessed March 6, 2013.
430. ^ Trapasso, Clare, Parents in Uproar Over Plans to Add Middle School to PS 122 in Astoria, Daily News (New York, N.Y.), February 28, 2013, 6:00 a.m., as accessed March 4, 2013.
431. Success Charter Network: Fleisher, Lisa, New Charters Proposed for Manhattan, op. cit.
       One or more Success Academies and probably all of the schools (e.g., "the charters are ruled by their non-profit Board of Trustees"): Collins, Lisa M., Charter War Cobble Hill, op. cit.
       "Success Academy Charter School is not-for-profit 501(c)(3) corporation.": Donate (Success Academy Charter Schools) (official website), as accessed August 21, 2012.
432. ^ Proposal to raise fee: Frost, Mary, SUNY Postpones Vote on Fee Increase at Success Charter Network: Moskowitz Blames Union Opposition, in Brooklyn Daily Eagle, April 24, 2012, as accessed June 2, 2012.
433. Proposal to raise fee:
         Frost, Mary, SUNY Postpones Vote on Fee Increase at Success Charter Network: Moskowitz Blames Union Opposition, op. cit.,
         Christ, Lindsey, State Board Approves Trustees Merger For Five Success Academy Schools, op. cit.
434. Blain, Glenn, & Juan Gonzalez, Charter Fees Get Pricier, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), June 25, 2012, as accessed July 14, 2012.
435. Benjamin, Liz, host, Eva Moskowitz Touts Charter School Success, op. cit. (approximately 10 min. 45 sec. from start, as accessed August 26, 2012, & approx. 10 min. 59 sec. from start to approx. 11 min. 10 sec., as accessed August 26, 2012).
436. Summary of Findings and Recommendations: Application to Establish the Harlem Success Academy Charter Schools 2, 3 and 4, op. cit., p. 3.
437. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. .
438. Green, Elizabeth, Eli Broad Invests $2.5 million in Two City Charter School Networks, op. cit. (both body before text of press release & text of press release).
439. Success Academy Charter Schools, Lorenzo Smith's Fundraiser: Team Success Academy (Crowdrise), as accessed September 4, 2012.
440. Gonzalez, Juan, Eva Moskowitz's Success Academy Schools Network Rolling in Money But Still Wants 50% Increase in Management Fees From State, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), June 25, 2012, 3:00 a.m., as accessed June 25 & 26, 2012.
441. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 9 (p. 11 per PDF viewer) & passim.
442. Memorandum to Susan Miller Barker, Interim Executive Director, Charter Schools Institute of the State University of New York, from Eva Moskowitz, Chief Executive Officer, Success Academy Charter Schools, re Success Academy Academic and Business Services Agreements, May 24, 2012, op. cit., p. 10 (p. 12 per PDF viewer).
443. ^ Eichna, Charlotte, Charter Crusader, op. cit., p. 11, col. 2.
444. 2008–2009 The New York State School Report Card Accountability and Overview Report – P.S. 208.
445. Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for Success Academy Charter School – Brooklyn 5) (hearing date December 7, 2013)], op. cit., p. 2 (an unnamed member of a school leadership team said "harter schools are supposed to take the most at-risk students, not ask for waivers to avoid special education kids", id., p. 2, an unnamed parent spoke of "the many special education students that charter schools are not required to accept", id., pp. 2–3 (quotation at p. 3), & an unnamed community member spoke of "their waiver regarding special education", id., p. 3).
446. Public Hearing Summary (State Univ. of N.Y., Charter Schools Institute) (for Success Academy Charter School – Brooklyn 5) (hearing date December 7, 2013)], op. cit., p. 2 n. 1.
447. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., p. 16 fn.
448. Gonzalez, Juan, 50% More 'Success': Cozy Deals For Charter Away From Public Eye, in Daily News (New York, N.Y.), vol. 93, no. 304 (Sports Final ed.), April 24, 2012, p.12, col. 3.
449. Brill, Steven, The School Reform Deniers, op. cit.
450. Amended Educational Impact Statement, op. cit., p.  & n. 3.
451. The New York State School Report Card: Accountability and Overview Report: 2009–10 (February 5, 2011) (AOR-2010-310300860897.pdf), as accessed July 14, 2011, p. 3 (Demographic Factors).
452. The New York State School Report Card: Accountability and Overview Report: 2009–10 (February 5, 2011) (AOR-2010-310500860921.pdf), as accessed July 14, 2011, p. 3 (Demographic Factors).
453. The New York State School Report Card: Accountability and Overview Report: 2009–10 (February 5, 2011) (AOR-2010-310400860922.pdf), as accessed July 14, 2011, p. 3 (Demographic Factors).
454. The New York State School Report Card: Accountability and Overview Report: 2009–10 (February 5, 2011) (AOR-2010-310300860923.pdf), as accessed July 14, 2011, p. 3 (Demographic Factors).
455. U.S. Department of Education: 2012 National Blue Ribbon Schools Program: A Public School - 12NY9, op. cit., p. 4 (Misplaced Pages has articles on the Bambara, French, Fulani, Mandinka, Moldavian, Spanish, and Wolof languages).
456. Thrasher, Steven, Class Struggles at a Bronx Charter School, op. cit., p. 3.
457. SETTS Special Education Teacher (Success Charter Network) (on bottom: "Powered by the iCIms TALENT PLATFORM Applicant Tracking Software" (capitalization of "iCIms" uncertain but probably representing iCIMS), as accessed August 27 & September 4, 2012 (the information appears to come from Success Charter Network and appears to apply across the entire group of schools).
458. ^ anon, Success Charter Network Publishes Report on the Slow Progress of NYC's English Language Learners (Success Charter Network), March 15, 2011, as accessed August 20, 2012.
459. anon, The Parking Lot of Broken Dreams: How English Language Learner Programs in NYC Hurt Children (Success Charter Network) (March, 2011), as accessed August 20, 2012, p. 1 & n. 1.
460. ^ anon, The Parking Lot of Broken Dreams, op. cit., p. 1 & passim.
461. anon, The Parking Lot of Broken Dreams, op. cit., pp. 4–5.
462. anon, The Parking Lot of Broken Dreams, op. cit., p. 6.
463. anon, The Parking Lot of Broken Dreams, op. cit., p. 1 and see p. 6 (recommendation 3).
464. Rosato, Ken, host, New York Viewpoint, op. cit., as accessed June 16, 2012 (approximately 2 min. 52 sec. from start (not counting advertisement preceding start) to approx. 3 min. 4 sec.) (that Moskowitz described some students and not all is presumed).
465. Banchero, Stephanie, & Caroline Porter, Charter Schools Fall Short on Disabled, in The Wall Street Journal (U.S. ed. (online)), June 19, 2012, 10:55 p.m., as accessed June 23, 2012.
466. ^ Sims, David, Charter Leader, op. cit.
467. Brill, Steven, Class Warfare, op. cit., pp. 423–424.

External links

• Official website

Press

• SchoolBook's data: comparative data on several Success Academies

Governments

Charter authorizer

• School Oversight and Evaluation: Institute Visit and Renewal Recommendation Reports (State University of New York (Charter Schools Institute)): About reports to and from schools.
• Specific schools.

New York State Education Department

• New York State Report Cards: Depending on the year, the school, and the grade, there may be an Accountability and Overview Report (possibly describing school characteristics, yearly progress, and test results for English and math), a Comprehensive Information Report (possibly including more test result analysis), and a Fiscal Accountability Supplement.
• Test results in English and math:
  • 2012
  • Generally
• School data, generally including who the charter authorizer was, names of some managers, and N.Y.S. Education Department report card links.

New York City Department of Education

• NYC School Survey: select an available report and, if not linked, copy school name below (including number in parentheses) into field for entry:
  • Manhattan: Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 1 (M351) (select Progress Report, Progress Report Overview, or NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 2 (M384) (select Progress reports, Progress report overviews, or NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 3 (M385) (select Progress reports, Progress report overviews, or NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 4 (M386) (select Progress reports, Progress report overviews, or NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Harlem 5 (M482) (select only NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Upper West (M523) (select only NYC School Survey)
  • Bronx: Success Academy Charter School - Bronx 1 (X493) (select only NYC School Survey); Success Academy Charter School - Bronx 2 (X494) (select only NYC School Survey)
  • Brooklyn: Success Academy Charter School - Bed-Stuy 1 (K367) (select only NYC School Survey)

• Education in New York City
• Public education in New York
• Educational institutions established in 2006
• Companies established in 2006