Misplaced Pages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Tony1 (talk | contribs) at 07:22, 19 January 2014 (fixed dashes using a script, Script-assisted fixes: per MOS:NUM, MOS:CAPS, MOS:LINK). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Bomis (/ˈbɒms/ to rhyme with "promise") was a dot-com company founded in 1996 by Jimmy Wales, Tim Shell, and Michael Davis. Its primary business was the sale of advertising on the Bomis.com search portal, and to provide support for the 💕 projects Nupedia and Misplaced Pages. The name was an acronym of Bitter Old Men in Suits. The site focused on content geared for a male audience, including information on sporting activities, automobiles, and females. It included "Bomis Babes", which was a segment devoted to erotic images. Within this section the site featured the Bomis Babe Report which documented adult pictures. Bomis became successful after focusing on X-rated media.

Bomis is best known for having supported the creation of the free-content online encyclopedia projects Nupedia and subsequently Misplaced Pages. Misplaced Pages remained a for-profit venture operating under the auspices of Bomis throughout the end of 2002. As the costs of Misplaced Pages rose with its popularity, Bomis' revenues declined as result of the dot-com crash. Since Misplaced Pages became a drain on Bomis' resources, Wales and Sanger decided to fund the project through charity. Sanger was laid off from Bomis in 2002. Nupedia content was merged into Misplaced Pages, and subsequently closed in 2003. The non-profit organization the Wikimedia Foundation was started in 2003 with a Board of Trustees comprised of the three founders of Bomis: Jimmy Wales, Michael Davis, and Tim Shell. Wales stepped down from his role as CEO of Bomis in 2004; subsequently Tim Shell became CEO of the company while simultaneously serving on the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation.

In 2005, Wales edited Misplaced Pages to excise references to Larry Sanger as co-founder of the site, and to remove characterizations of Bomis as soft-core pornography. The changes by Wales were first uncovered by author and web publisher Rogers Cadenhead. The incident drew attention towards Wales' actions from the media, including reports in The Times, Wired, and The New York Times. Wales stated his regret for his actions, and commented, "I wish I hadn't done it. It's in poor taste." In 2011, Time identified the 2005 edits by Wales as among the "Top 10 Misplaced Pages Moments".

Academics and scholars have characterized Bomis as a website which provided erotic photographs and classed it as a form of soft-core pornography. The Chronicle of Philanthropy described Bomis as both an online advertising site and one that dealt in erotic images. Jeff Howe wrote in Crowdsourcing that the website featured soft-core pornography. Legal academic Jonathan Zittrain observed that the site distributed erotica and generated revenues by charging for premium content. The Atlantic gave Bomis the nickname "Playboy of the Internet"; this term caught on in media was subsequently referenced by publications including The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, and by author Andrew Keen. Jimmy Wales disagreed with the phrase "Playboy of the Internet" and called it an inappropriate characterization of the services provided by Bomis.

History

Background

Born in 1966, Jimmy Wales was raised in Huntsville, Alabama. Wales' interest in encyclopedias was piqued in his youth after his family purchased a copy of World Book Encyclopedia in 1969. He devoted his studies at Auburn University to the subject of finance. Wales graduated from Auburn University with a bachelor's degree and went on to the University of Alabama where he received a master's degree. He left a studies track at Indiana University as a PhD candidate to begin work in finance, before completing his doctoral dissertation.

In 1994 Wales was hired by Michael Davis, CEO of the finance company Chicago Options Associates, to work there as a trader. He focused in trading futures contracts and options. Wales was adept at determining future movements of currency and interest rates. He was quite successful working as a trader in Chicago and became independently wealthy. Wales served in the position of director of research at Chicago Options Associates, from 1994 to 2000. He became acquainted with Tim Shell from email lists discussing philosophy.

Wales wanted to participate in the online-based entrepreneurial ventures which were gaining popularity and success during the middle of the 1990s. He had previous experience from gaming in his youth which impressed upon him the influence of networking in society. Wales had a fascination with computer science, and tooled with source code on the Internet. He maintained a hobby increasing his skills at computer programming. During his spare time after getting home from Chicago Options Associates, Wales constructed his own form of web browser. While employed at Chicago Options Associates he observed the initial public offering of Netscape Communications in 1995, which was quite successful.

Foundation

Wales co-founded Bomis in 1996 with his business associates Tim Shell, and his then-manager Michael Davis. The three started the organization as a for-profit corporation. Together they held joint-ownership over the corporation. Wales was the chief manager behind the company. Wales moved from Chicago, Illinois, to San Diego, California to work for Bomis. He moved to St. Petersburg, Florida where the company was subsequently located.

Staff for Bomis started out at approximately five employees. In 2000 staff included Toan Vo as programmer, and Jason Richey as system administrator. Wales employed his friend from high school, Terry Foote, as a business associate at Bomis. Foote served as the advertising director at Bomis. In June 2000, Bomis was one of five network partners of Ask Jeeves.

Formally BOMIS is not an abbreviation; the motivation for the name stemmed from an acronym for "Bitter Old Men in Suits" that Wales and Shell had used to refer to themselves during the time period when they were working in Chicago. The site started as a form of web portal. It focused on content geared for a male audience, including information on sporting activities, automobiles, and females.

Hosted content

Bomis became successful after focusing on X-rated media. Users were able to pay for a subscription to the site which provided access to premium adult content and erotic material. Advertising garnered monetary earnings which enabled the company to provide funding for other websites. The site published suggestive pictures of women who were professional models. Wales agreed with the colloquial expression "glamour photography" to refer to content on the site.

The site included "Bomis Babes", which was a segment devoted to erotic images. Within this section the site featured the Bomis Babe Report which documented adult pictures. The Bomis Babe Report functioned as a form of blog which put forth images of porn stars. Additionally, the Bomis Babe Report produced its own original erotic material. Bomis helped users find erotic material online through a web search engine. According to Bomis advertising director Terry Foote, 99% of searches on the site were related to queries for nude women. Bomis Babes provided naked images of females to the subscribers of its services. Bomis included softcore pornography among its erotic material offerings.

There was a feature on the site where users could submit recommended links to other sites on topics which appealed to a male audience. Peer-to-peer services provided by the site assisted users in finding other websites about female celebrities including Anna Kournikova and Pamela Anderson. Sheila Jeffreys noted in her book Beauty and Misogyny that in 2004 Bomis maintained "The Lipstick Fetish Ring" which assisted users with finding information for those with a particular attraction towards women wearing makeup. An additional webring included a section helping users find information on the film Casablanca. In 1999, the company made available the Bomis Browser, which helped users block pop-up ads online. The same year, its web ring on Star Wars was cited as a useful resource for information on The Phantom Menace. Bomis became familiar to Internet users for its erotic images.

Nupedia and Misplaced Pages

Bomis is best known for having supported the creation of the free-content online encyclopedia projects Nupedia and subsequently Misplaced Pages. Tim Shell and Michael David continued their partnership with Wales during the Nupedia venture in 2000. Larry Sanger joined the staff of Bomis in February 2000. At the time of his hiring by Bomis, Sanger was a graduate student working towards a PhD degree in philosophy. Sanger ultimately received his Doctor of Philosophy degree from Ohio State University. He moved to San Diego, California in order to help Bomis with its encyclopedia venture.

Sanger and Jimmy Wales started Nupedia while utilizing resources from Bomis. In the beginning of 2000, Bomis agreed to provide early financing for Nupedia through some of the company's profits. Nupedia first went live in March 2000. Jimmy Wales was CEO of Bomis, Inc. in March 2000. Sanger served as editor-in-chief of Nupedia. The reading comprehension for Nupedia was intended to be applicable for high-school graduates. Bomis set as its goal for Nupedia: "To set a new standard for breadth, depth, timeliness and lack of bias, and in the fullness of time to become the most comprehensive encyclopedia in the history of humankind."

Bomis began a search for experts to vet articles on Nupedia; these steps proved tedious in nature. In August 2000, Nupedia included over 60 academics contributing to the peer review process on the site; a majority of them held doctor of philosophy or doctor of medicine degrees. At that time Bomis was in the process of obtaining advertising revenue for Nupedia. Bomis was optimistic that it could fund the project through ad space strategically placed on Nupedia.com.

Misplaced Pages began as a feature of Nupedia.com on January 15, 2001. This date would subsequently be referred to as Misplaced Pages Day. Originally Misplaced Pages was only intended as a method to create additional articles for Nupedia. Misplaced Pages was to be used as a draft process, with the intention to subsequently move finished articles over to Nupedia. Misplaced Pages became its own separate site in the following days after the Nupedia advisory board opposed the combination of the two. In September 2001, Wales functioned in dual-roles simultaneously as both CEO of Bomis and co-founder of Misplaced Pages.

Nupedia was encumbered due to its laborious peer review system. The peer review method on Nupedia consisted of a seven-step-process. Misplaced Pages grew at a faster rate than Nupedia. In November 2000, Nupedia had 115 potential articles awaiting entrance into its peer review process. By September 2001, after a total investment of US$250,000 from Bomis, Nupedia had produced 12 articles. From the period of 2000 through 2003, Nupedia contributors produced a total of 24 finalized articles.

Originally, Bomis was planning to make Misplaced Pages a profitable business. Bomis provided all of the staffing needs and technical hardware capabilities for Misplaced Pages's initial structure. Misplaced Pages would not have survived without this early support from Bomis. For a while, Bomis provided web servers and bandwidth for these projects, and owned key items such as the associated domain names. Wales personally handed over cheques from Bomis to maintain the Misplaced Pages servers which were located in Tampa, Florida.

As the costs of Misplaced Pages rose with its popularity, Bomis' revenues declined as result of the dot-com crash. Towards the conclusion of 2000 Bomis had a staff of approximately 11 employees; by the start of 2002 the company had to lay off workers due to financial difficulties and had decreased to their initial size of about five employees. Sanger was laid off in February 2002. From January 15, 2001 through March 1, 2002, Sanger was the sole paid editor of Misplaced Pages. He stepped down from his dual roles as Chief Organizer of Misplaced Pages and Editor-in-Chief of Nupedia on March 1, 2002, because he felt he would be unable to significantly commit to these arenas as a volunteer in a non-full-time capacity. Sanger felt there was a dearth of "the habit or tradition of respect for expertise" from the high-ranking members of Misplaced Pages. He continued to contribute to community discussions and felt optimistic about the potential for the future success of Misplaced Pages.

After Sanger's departure Misplaced Pages was managed by Wales along with the burgeoning online community. Wales thought advertising was a possibility, but the Misplaced Pages community was against any business development. Additionally the market towards the end of 2002 was a difficult one for successful Internet marketing. Misplaced Pages remained a for-profit venture operating under the auspices of Bomis throughout the end of 2002. The material from Nupedia was folded into Misplaced Pages. By 2003, Nupedia was closed in favor of Misplaced Pages.

Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees

Since Misplaced Pages became a drain on Bomis' resources, Wales and Sanger decided to fund the project through charity. Bomis was placed into a position where it needed to let go the majority of its employees to continue operating as Misplaced Pages with its new not-for-profit status was not producing revenues for the company. Bomis effectively owned the assets of Misplaced Pages from its creation through 2003. Wales utilized approximately US$100,000 of revenues from Bomis to assist Misplaced Pages prior to the decision to shift the encyclopedia to a non-profit status.

In June 2003, the property of Misplaced Pages was formally given over to the nascent non-profit organization, the Wikimedia Foundation. The Wikimedia Foundation was formed to serve as a charitable institution with a mission of supervising Misplaced Pages and multiple other associated wiki-based sites. Once the Wikimedia Foundation was set up, its staff began to solicit sources of public funding. Bomis turned over its associated ownership rights regarding Misplaced Pages to the new non-profit. All hardware owned by Bomis used to run Misplaced Pages associated web sites was given to the Wikimedia Foundation. Wales swapped the copyright ownerships related to Misplaced Pages from Bomis to the Wikimedia Foundation. The Wikimedia Foundation was first headquartered in St. Petersburg, Florida, where Bomis was located.

The Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation was initially comprised of the three founders of Bomis: Jimmy Wales, and his two business partners from Bomis, Michael Davis and Tim Shell. Members of the Misplaced Pages community complained that the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation was comprised mainly of appointed individuals. Subsequently the first elections were held, in 2004. Two people from the Misplaced Pages community itself were then elected to the Board of Trustees: Florence Devouard and Angela Beesley.

In August 2004, Wales was the chief executive officer of Bomis. In November 2004, Wales informed the St. Petersburg Times he was no longer in control of the day-to-day functions of Bomis but retained his ownership status over the company as one of its shareholders. In 2005, Tim Shell was simultaneously CEO of Bomis and one of five board members overseeing Misplaced Pages.

2005 editing incident

In 2005, Wales made changes to his own Misplaced Pages biography several times. He said he was fixing an inaccuracy, and disagreed with the description of Bomis.com and Bomis Babes as soft-core pornography. He additionally removed references to Larry Sanger as the co-founder of Misplaced Pages. Wales edited his own biography page on a total of 18 occasions. Wales modified the phrase "Bomis Babes softcore pornography section" to instead read as "Bomis Babes adult content section". On two occasions he removed the clause "Bomis Babes erotica section", and instead changed it to "Bomis Babes blog based on Slashdcode".

The changes by Wales were first uncovered by author and web publisher Rogers Cadenhead on his blog Workbench. He pointed out Wales had changed a description of services offered by Bomis from "soft-core pornography" to "adult content section", in an edit on September 4, 2005. Cadenhead noted: "another sore spot for Wales has been Bomis Babes, a now-closed subscription service of his company's Bomis.com search portal that offered nude pictures of women".

The incident drew attention towards Wales' actions from the media, including reports in The Times, Wired, New Statesman, Time, the Herald Sun, and The New York Times. The Times commented, "his actions will once again call into question the integrity of Misplaced Pages." Wired News observed, "Self-editing by Wales comes amid scrutiny of weaknesses in Misplaced Pages, a public site that allows any registered user to edit and change entries on an encyclopedic range of topics." The New York Times reported that as a result of the edits by Wales, "a heated debate ensued on Misplaced Pages discussion boards." In 2011, Time identified the 2005 edits by Wales as among the "Top 10 Misplaced Pages Moments".

Larry Sanger opined, "I must say I am amused. It does seem that Jimmy is attempting to rewrite history. But this is a futile process because in our brave new world of transparent activity and maximum communication, the truth will out." Sanger was motivated by the incident to start a discussion on the talk page of the biography of Jimmy Wales about the practice of historical revisionism.

Misplaced Pages's own policies warned users not to edit their own biography pages. The guidelines stated, that doing so "can open the door to rather immature behavior and loss of dignity." Misplaced Pages's rules on autobiographical editing quoted from Wales, noting, "It is a social faux pas to write about yourself."

Wales characterized his actions as fixing mistakes on the web site. After Cadenhead had made public the Misplaced Pages co-founder's edits to his biography, Wales stated his regret for his actions. In comments to The Times on December 20, 2005, Wales described his edits as wrong, and remarked: "editing your own entry on Misplaced Pages is generally not a good thing". Regarding the potential for others to commit the same error, Wales gave a warning: "I would discourage it. It raises a lot of questions about whether you can be unbiased about yourself and whether it’s possible to distance yourself from the story." Wales stated: "I wish I hadn't done it. It's in poor taste."

Analysis

The Chronicle of Philanthropy characterized Bomis as: "... an Internet marketing firm ... which also traded in erotic photographs for a while." Author Jeff Howe wrote in his book Crowdsourcing that the company was, "one of Wales's less altruistic ventures, a Web portal called Bomis.com that featured, among other items, soft-core pornography." In his book The Future of the Internet—And How to Stop It, legal academic Jonathan Zittrain noted, "Bomis helped people find 'erotic photography', and earned money through advertising as well as subscription fees for premium content." The Guardian classed the site as among "the fringes of the adult entertainment industry". The Edge called the site an "explicit-content search engine".

Bomis earned the nickname "Playboy of the Internet" from The Atlantic. This term in reference to Bomis subsequently gained currency in additional media sources, including The Sunday Times, The Daily Telegraph, MSN Money, Wired, The Torch Magazine, and the book The Cult of the Amateur by Andrew Keen. Wales commented about the term "Playboy of the Internet" and asserted that the characterization was inappropriate.

See also

Template:Multicol

• Erotica
• Eroticism
• Hypermasculinity
• Lad culture
• List of men's magazines

Template:Multicol-break

• Machismo
• Masculism
• Masculine psychology
• Masculinity
• Maxim

Template:Multicol-end

References

1. Conway, Paul (Fall 2010). "Week 5b: Lessons of Misplaced Pages". SI 410: Ethics and Information Technology (PDF). University of Michigan. p. 7.
2. ^ Seybold, Patricia B. (2006). Outside Innovation: How Your Customers Will Co-Design Your Company's Future. HarperBusiness. p. 250. ISBN 978-0061135903.
3. ^ DiBona, Chris (2005). Open Sources 2.0: The Continuing Evolution. O'Reilly Media. pp. 7, 310–334. ISBN 978-0596008024. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
4. ^ Lih, Andrew (2009). The Misplaced Pages Revolution: How a Bunch of Nobodies Created the World's Greatest Encyclopedia. Hyperion. pp. 6, 18–20, 28–32, 38–42, 63, 69, 76, 78–79. ISBN 1401303714.
5. ^ Stöcker, Christian (August 31, 2010). "Eine Weltmacht im Netz". Der Spiegel (in German). Retrieved October 14, 2012.
6. ^ Kuchinskas, Susan (March 26, 2009). "Jimmy Wales: Why the recession will not kill digital media". iMedia Connection. Retrieved October 14, 2012.
7. ^ The Globe and Mail (2012). The Lunch. Booktango. pp. 89–91. ISBN 978-1-4689-0835-0.
8. ^ Weinberger, David (2008). Everything Is Miscellaneous: The Power of the New Digital Disorder. Holt. p. 138. ISBN 978-0805088113.
9. ^ Shirky, Clay (2009). "Chapter 5: Personal Motivation Meets Collaborative Production". Here Comes Everybody: The Power of Organizing Without Organizations. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0143114949.
10. ^ Hansen, Evan (December 19, 2005). "Misplaced Pages Founder Edits Own Bio". Wired News. Retrieved December 20, 2013.
11. ^ Rosenzweig, Roy (2013). Clio Wired: The Future of the Past in the Digital Age. Columbia University Press. pp. 54, 81, 258–261. ISBN 0231521715.
12. ^ Rosenzweig, Roy (June 2006). "Can History Be Open Source?". The Journal of American History. 93 (1): 117–146. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
13. ^ Henderson, Harry (2008). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology. Facts on File. p. 500. ISBN 1438110030.
14. ^ Susan Meyer (2012). Jimmy Wales and Misplaced Pages. Rosen Pub Group. pp. 29–35, 56–58, 84–86. ISBN 978-1448869121.
15. ^ Neate, Rupert (October 7, 2008). "Misplaced Pages founder Jimmy Wales goes bananas". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved October 1, 2013.
16. ^ "Spotlight : Lawrence Mark "Larry" Sanger". The Star. Amman, Jordan: Al Bawaba (Middle East) Ltd. April 2, 2007.
17. ^ Waters, John K. (2010). The Everything Guide to Social Media. Adams Media. pp. 179–180. ISBN 978-1440506314.
18. ^ Mahadevan, Jeremy (March 5, 2006). "Not everything on Misplaced Pages is fact". New Straits Times. Malaysia: New Straits Times Press (Malaysia) Berhad. p. 15.
19. ^ Krueger, Curtis (November 8, 2004). "There's no end to it". St. Petersburg Times. St. Petersburg, Florida. p. 1E.
20. ^ Barnett, Cynthia (September 2005). "Wiki mania". Florida Trend. 48 (5). Trend Magazines, Inc.: 62.
21. ^ Craig, Elise (April 2013). "The Encyclopedic Mind of Jimmy Wales". Wired. 21 (4). Conde Nast Publications, Inc.: 84.
22. ^ Bernstein, Jon (January 31, 2011). "Misplaced Pages's benevolent dictator". New Statesman. 140 (5038). New Statesman, Ltd.: 34.
23. ^ Romero, Frances (January 13, 2011). "World Wide Wiki: Who Founded Misplaced Pages?". Time. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
24. ^ Blakely, Rhys (December 20, 2005). "Misplaced Pages founder edits himself". Times Online. Times Newspapers Ltd. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
25. ^ Mitchell, Dan (December 24, 2005). "What's Online: Insider Editing at Misplaced Pages". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
26. ^ Jensen, Brennen (June 29, 2006). "Access for All". The Chronicle of Philanthropy. 18 (18). Chronicle of Higher Education, Inc.
27. ^ Howe, Jeff (2008). Crowdsourcing: Why the Power of the Crowd Is Driving the Future of Business. Crown Business. pp. 58–60. ISBN 0307449327.
28. ^ Zittrain, Jonathan (2008). The Future of the Internet—And How to Stop It. Yale University Press. p. 133. ISBN 0300145349.
29. ^ Poe, Marshall (September 2006). "The Hive". The Atlantic Monthly. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
30. ^ "Mr Know-It-All is giving up billions". The Sunday Times. January 16, 2011. p. 23.
31. ^ Keen, Andrew (2008). The Cult of the Amateur. Random House. pp. 41–42. ISBN 0385520816.
32. ^ Greenwald, Ted (March 19, 2013). "How Jimmy Wales' Misplaced Pages Harnessed the Web as a Force for Good". Wired. 21.4. Conde Nast Publications, Inc.: 82. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
33. ^ Slater, Joanna (January 15, 2011). "The man with all the answers". The Globe and Mail. Toronto, Canada: The Globe and Mail Inc. p. B3.
34. ^ Chozick, Amy (June 29, 2013). "Jimmy Wales isn't a billionaire; He hasn't capitalized on Misplaced Pages, but still lives a jet-setter's life". International Herald Tribune.
35. "Battling misinformation in the information age". Pretoria News. South Africa: Independent Online. February 12, 2009. p. 23.
36. ^ "Curiosity filled the biggest textbook in the world; Factbox". The Times. London, England. December 23, 2006. p. 49.
37. ^ Seitz, Patrick (June 15, 2011). "The Wizard of Misplaced Pages Click: Jimmy Wales sparked the go-to information site". Investor's Business Daily. Investor's Business Daily, Inc. p. A3.
38. ^ Long, Camilla (January 22, 2012). "Hi, I'm the guy who blacked out the world". The Sunday Times. London, England. p. 5.
39. ^ Edemariam, Aida (February 19, 2011). "Saturday: The Saturday interview: Master of the know-alls". The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers Limited. p. 27.
40. "People Who've Shaped The Internet". PC Quest. Athena Information Solutions Pvt. Ltd. January 3, 2012.
41. Lee, Jyh-An (2013). Nonprofit Organizations and the Intellectual Commons. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 91. ISBN 978-1781001578.
42. "Misplaced Pages dilemma; Struggling free info site grapples with selling ad space". The Hamilton Spectator. Torstar Syndication Services, a division of Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. March 15, 2008. p. A14.
43. Friedman, Thomas L. (2007). The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. Macmillan. p. 121. ISBN 978-0312425074.
44. ^ Mangu-Ward, Katherine (June 2007). "Misplaced Pages and Beyond: Jimmy Wales' sprawling vision". Reason. Reason Foundation. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
45. ^ Mehegan, David (February 12, 2006). "Bias, Sabotage haunt Misplaced Pages's Free World". The Boston Globe. Boston, Massachusetts. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
46. ^ "Brain scan: The free-knowledge fundamentalist". The Economist. The Economist Newspaper Limited; Technology Quarterly. June 5, 2008. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
47. Du Bois, Grant (June 12, 2000). "Ask Jeeves bids banner ads adieu, welcomes new method". eWeek. QuinStreet Enterprise. p. 33.
48. ^ Duval, Jared (2010). Next Generation Democracy: What the Open-Source Revolution Means for Power, Politics, and Change. Bloomsbury. pp. 74–75, 80–81. ISBN 978-1608190669.
49. ^ Ayers, Phoebe (2008). How Misplaced Pages Works: And How You Can Be a Part of It. No Starch Press. pp. 46–47, 448–451. ISBN 978-1593271763. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
50. Bhaskar, Michael (2013). The Content Machine: Towards a Theory of Publishing from the Printing Press to the Digital Network. Anthem Press. pp. 158–159. ISBN 978-0857281111.
51. Spirrison, Brad (December 4, 2006). "For the record, Misplaced Pages has some roots in Chicago". Chicago Sun-Times. Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Sun-Times, Inc. p. 62.
52. ^ Finkelstein, Seth (December 18, 2008). "Technology: Read me first: Sting in the Scorpions tale is the exposure of Wiki's weakness". The Guardian. Guardian Newspapers Limited. p. 2.
53. ^ Beveridge, John (April 26, 2007). "Looking up your own entry". Herald Sun. Nationwide News Pty Limited. p. 68.
54. Miller, Nick (April 25, 2007). "The wisdom of one". The Age. Fairfax Media Publications Pty Limited. p. 17.
55. Jeffreys, Sheila (2005). Beauty and Misogyny: Harmful Cultural Practices in the West. Routledge. pp. 60, 181. ISBN 978-0415351829.
56. Jackson, Kathy Merlock (Winter 2000). "Playing It Again and Again: Casablanca's Impact on American Mass Media and Popular Culture". Journal of Popular Film and Television. 27 (4). Taylor & Francis Ltd.: 33.
57. Wright, Robert (April 8, 1999). "'Webbies' honour best of the Internet". The Toronto Star. Toronto Star Newspapers, Ltd.
58. Soriano, Csar G. (February 26, 1999). "The faithful have a galaxy of Web sites to visit". USA Today. Gannett Company, Inc. p. 2E.
59. Semuels, Alana (March 13, 2008). "Misplaced Pages Experiences Growing Pains". Los Angeles Times. LATWP News Service.
60. Bergstein, Brian (March 22, 2007). "Misplaced Pages co-founder seeks to start all over again – this time with contributors' real names". Associated Press Archive.
61. Kopytoff, Verne (July 19, 2007). "You could look it up". San Francisco Chronicle. p. C1.
62. ^ Reagle, Joseph Michael (2010). Good Faith Collaboration: The Culture of Misplaced Pages. The MIT Press. pp. 35–36, 41, 120. ISBN 978-0262014472.
63. Lievrouw, Leah (2011). Alternative and Activist New Media. Polity. pp. 202–205. ISBN 978-0745641836.
64. ^ Moody, Glyn (July 13, 2006). "Technology: Inside IT: This time, it'll be a Misplaced Pages written by experts". The Guardian. London, England: Guardian Newspapers Limited. p. 5.
65. Lessig, Lawrence (2009). Remix: Making Art and Commerce Thrive in the Hybrid Economy. Penguin Books. pp. 156–157. ISBN 0143116134.
66. ^ Myers, Ken S. (Fall 2006). "Wikimmunity: fitting the Communications Decency Act to Misplaced Pages". Harvard Journal of Law & Technology. 20 (1). Harvard Law School: 163.
67. Gobillot, Emmanuel (2011). Leadershift: Reinventing Leadership for the Age of Mass Collaboration. Kogan Page. pp. 84–86. ISBN 978-0749463038.
68. ^ Rollins, Deborah (May 15, 2000). "Nupedia". Booklist. 96 (18). American Library Association: 1786.
69. ^ Frauenfelder, Mark (November 27, 2000). "The New Encyclopedia Salesmen". The Industry Standard. 3 (49): 110.
70. ^ "Nupedia Launches Open-Content Model". School Library Journal. 46 (8). Library Journals, LLC. A wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc.: S6 August 2000.
71. ^ Curley, Robert (2012). Issues in Cyberspace: From Privacy to Piracy. Britannica Educational Publishing. pp. 35–38. ISBN 978-1-61530-738-8.
72. ^ Lewis, John P. (Fall 2013). "Misplaced Pages: Is it the Library of Babel?" (PDF). The Torch Magazine. 87 (1). International Association of Torch Clubs; North Carolina Sociological Association; ISSN 0040-9440 Parameter error in {{issn}}: Invalid ISSN. (print); ISSN 2330-9261 (online). Retrieved January 19, 2014. {{cite journal}}: External link in |publisher= (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |publisher= at position 84 (help)
73. Meyers, Peter (September 20, 2001). "Fact-driven? Collegial? This site wants you". The New York Times. The New York Times Company. p. D2.
74. Twose, Helen (November 10, 2007). "Mr Misplaced Pages's knowledge quest". New Zealand Herald. Auckland, New Zealand: APN Newspapers Pty Ltd. p. 5.
75. ^ Finkelstein, Seth (September 24, 2008). "Read me first: Misplaced Pages isn't about human potential, whatever Wales says". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media Limited. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
76. Peterson, Kim (May 6, 2002). "Encyclopedias go digital Educational tomes shrink in size, but grow in number". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Union-Tribune Publishing Co. p. C-1.
77. Hickman, Martin (February 13, 2006). "Misplaced Pages under the microscope over accuracy". The Independent. London, England: Independent Print Ltd. p. 12. Retrieved January 18, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
78. ^ Wan Chern, Kang (December 1, 2008). "Net Value: Building the Wiki brand". The Edge. The Edge Communications Sdn. Bhd.
79. "Feature". Computer Weekly. Vol. 203. TechTarget. January 13, 2009.
80. Brooks, David (August 4, 2004). "Online, interactive encyclopedia not just for geeks anymore". The Telegraph. Nashua, New Hampshire.
81. Bergstein, Brian (March 22, 2007). "Citizendium founder Sanger says he co-started Misplaced Pages, but don't tell that to Jimmy Wales". Associated Press Archive.
82. Buckland, Jason (May 12, 2011). "The humble beginnings of CEO big shots: Jimmy Wales". MSN Money. Microsoft. p. 1. Retrieved January 19, 2014.

Further reading

Primary sources

• PRNewswire (March 8, 1999). "Bomis.Com Browser Kills Pop-Up Advertising!". PR Newswire. San Diego, California: PR Newswire Association LLC. p. 9941. Retrieved January 17, 2014.
• PRNewswire (November 9, 2000). "Upstart Open Content Encyclopedia Threatens to Displace Britannica, Encarta". PR Newswire. San Diego, California: PR Newswire Association LLC. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
• "Bomis What's New". Archived from the original on January 18, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2008. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• "Bomis FAQ". Bomis. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved October 14, 2012. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
• "Freedom's Nest". Archived from the original on March 23, 2006. Retrieved October 23, 2011.
• "Nekkid.info Whois Record". www.whois.sc. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
• "Nekkid.info". www.nekkid.info. Internet Archive. January 14, 2002. Retrieved December 27, 2013.
• Wales, Jimmy (October 28, 2001). "A question". Misplaced Pages-l. Retrieved December 30, 2013.
• Wales, Jimmy (June 20, 2003). "Announcing Wikimedia Foundation". Misplaced Pages-l. Retrieved December 30, 2013.

External links

• Bomis at the Internet Archive
• Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, at Misplaced Pages:Meta
• Former Board of Trustees members, at Wikimedia Foundation

• Companies
• Florida
• Internet
• Nudity
• [REDACTED] Pornography
• Sexuality
• United States

• Ill-formatted IPAc-en transclusions
• Defunct online companies
• Internet companies of the United States
• History of Misplaced Pages
• Companies established in 1996
• Companies based in St. Petersburg, Florida
• Defunct networking companies