Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park

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Revision as of 21:26, 6 November 2014 by TheSawTooth (talk | contribs) (→External links)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) This article is about the National Historic Site in Atlanta, Georgia. For the memorial in Washington, D.C., see Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial. United States historic place

Significant dates

King, Martin Luther, Jr., National Historic Site and Preservation District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
U.S. National Historic Site

Interior of Ebenezer Baptist Church, view from behind the pulpit.

Location	Roughly bounded by Courtland, Randolph, Chamberlain Sts. and Irwin Ave. (original) and Roughly bounded by Freedom Pkwy., John Wesley Dobbs Ave., Decatur St., Southern RR tracks, and I-75/85 (increase), Atlanta, Georgia
Area	34.47 acres (13.95 ha) 13.04 acres (5.28 ha) federal)
Built	1929
Architect	Multiple
Architectural style	Late 19th And Early 20th Century American Movements, Modern Movement
Visitation	624,848 (2005)
NRHP reference No.	74000677, 80000435, 00000741
Added to NRHP	May 2, 1974 (original) June 12, 2001 (increase)
Designated NHLD	May 5, 1977
Designated NHS	October 10, 1980

Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site established on October 10, 1980, consists of several buildings surrounding Martin Luther King, Jr.'s boyhood home on Auburn Avenue in the Sweet Auburn historic district of Atlanta, Georgia. The original Ebenezer Baptist Church, the church where King and his father Martin Luther King, Sr. pastored, is also part of the national historic site. These places are critical components in the interpretation of the life of Martin Luther King Jr. and his legacy as a leader of the American civil rights movement.

In total, the buildings included in the site make up 35 acres (0.14 km²). The visitor center contains a museum that chronicles the American civil rights movement which follows the parallel paths of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.. A firehouse (Fire Station No. 6), built in 1894, served the Sweet Auburn community until 1991, and now contains a gift shop and an exhibit on desegregation in the Atlanta Fire Department. The “I Have a Dream” International World Peace Rose Garden, and a memorial tribute to Mohandas K. Gandhi. Also of interest is the "International Civil Rights Walk of Fame" which gives recognition to some of those courageous pioneers who worked and sacrificed to make equality a reality for all.

Annual events surrounding Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in January typically draw large crowds. Speakers have included Presidents of the United States, national and local politicians, and civil rights leaders. Remembrances are also held during Black History Month (February), and the anniversary of King's April 4, 1968, assassination.

Preservation

As Martin Luther King, Jr., Historic District, an area bounded roughly by Irwin, Randolph, Edgewood, Jackson, and Auburn Avenues was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places on May 2, 1974. The district included Ebenezer Baptist Church, the MLK grave site, the MLK birthplace, shotgun row houses, Victorian houses, the Alexander Hamilton House, the Atlanta Baptist Preparatory Institute site, Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Colored Mission, Fire Station No. 6, and the "Triangle Building" at the intersection of Old Wheat St. and Auburn Avenue.

Some or all of the area was designated a national historic landmark district on May 5, 1977.

By U.S. Congressional legislation, the site became a national historic site on October 10, 1980 and is administered by the National Park Service (NPS). A 22.4-acre (91,000 m) area including 35 contributing properties was covered, including 22 previously included in the NRHP historic district.

The area covered in the NRHP designation was increased on June 12, 2001.

King Birth Home

The King Birth Home is located at 501 Auburn Avenue. It was built in 1895, about one block east of Ebenezer Baptist Church in the National Historic Site. Martin’s maternal grandparents, Reverend Adam Daniel (A.D.) Williams and Jennie Williams, bought the house for $3,500 in 1909. Williams was pastor of the nearby Ebenezer Baptist Church. When King's father married Alberta Williams, the family moved into the house in 1926. It is the place where Martin Luther King Jr. was born in 1929. The King family lived in the house until 1941, and the house was then converted into a two-family dwelling. The Rev. A.D. Williams King, Dr. King's brother, lived on the second floor in the 1950s and early 1960s.

The first level includes the front porch, parlor, study, dining room, kitchen, laundry, bedroom and a bathroom. The second level includes four bedrooms and a bathroom. The visitor center offers free tours of the house led by National Park Service rangers, but with limited availability.

King Center

Main article: King Center for Nonviolent Social Change

Coretta Scott King started the Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change in the basement of the couple's home in the year following King's 1968 assassination. In 1981, the center was moved into a multimillion dollar facility on Auburn Avenue, near King's birth home and next to Ebenezer Baptist Church, where he preached from 1960 until his death.

In 1977, a memorial tomb was dedicated, and the remains of Martin Luther King Jr. were moved from South View Cemetery to the plaza that is nestled between the center and the church. Martin Luther King Jr.'s gravesite and a reflecting pool are also located next to Freedom Hall. Mrs. King was interred with her husband on February 7, 2006. An Eternal Flame is also located nearby.

Freedom Hall at 449 Auburn Avenue features exhibits about Dr. and Mrs. King, Mahatma Gandhi and Rosa Parks, and hosts special events and programs. It contains a Grand Foyer, large theater/conference auditorium, bookstore and resource center and various works of art from across the globe. The Grand Foyer features art from Africa and Georgia, and the paneling lining the staircase is from the sapeli tree which grows in Nigeria.

As of 2006, the King Center is a privately owned inholding within the authorized boundaries of the national historic site. However, there is debate within the King family on whether it should remain so or be sold to the National Park Service.

Visitor Center

The visitor center at 449 Auburn Avenue was built in 1996 and features the multimedia exhibit Courage To Lead, which follows the parallel paths of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Civil Rights Movement. Visitors can also walk down a stylized "Freedom Road". The Children of Courage exhibit, geared towards children, tells the story the children of the Civil Rights Movement with a challenge to our youth today. Video programs are presented on a continuing basis and there is a staffed information desk.

Gandhi Promenade

The statue of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was donated by The Indian Council for Cultural Relations, India, in collaboration with The National Federation of Indian American Associations and The Embassy of India, USA. The inscribed bronze plaque reads:

"Nonviolence, to be a potent force, must begin with the mind. Nonviolence of the mere body without the cooperation of the mind is nonviolence of the weak of the cowardly, and has, therefore, no potency. It is a degrading performance. If we bear malice and hatred in our bosoms and pretend not to retaliate, it must recoil upon us and lead to our destruction."--Gandhi

"Tribute to the Mahatma "Gandhi was inevitable. If humanity is to progress, Gandhi is inescapable. He lived, thought and acted, inspired by the vision of humanity evolving toward a world of peace and harmony. We may ignore him at our own risk"--Martin Luther King, Jr.

International Civil Rights Walk of Fame

Main article: International Civil Rights Walk of Fame

The "International Civil Rights Walk of Fame" was created in 2004 and honors some of the participants in the civil rights movement. The walk along the Promenade, includes footsteps, marked in granite and bronze. According to the National Park Service, the Walk of Fame was created to "pay homage to the "brave warriors" of justice who sacrificed and struggled to make equality a reality for all." The new addition to the area is expected to enhance the historic value of the area, enrich cultural heritage, and augment tourist attractions.

The “Walk of Fame” is the brainchild of Xernona Clayton, founder and executive producer of the renowned Trumpet Awards and a civil rights icon in her own right. Ms. Clayton said, “This is a lasting memorial to those whose contributions were testaments to the fact that human progress is neither automatic nor inevitable. This historic site will serve as a symbol of pride and a beacon of hope for all future generations. We are looking forward to building a monument to the civil struggle that depicts every step taken toward the goal of justice and the tireless exertions and passionate concern of these dedicated individuals.”

Photo gallery

The MLK National Historic Site honors the life of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Shotgun houses on Auburn Ave. directly across from MLK's boyhood home
Shotgun houses in historic district
Late 19th/Early 20th century homes on Auburn Ave. in MLK historic district

Notes

^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
^ "Martin Luther King, Jr., Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
^ Mendinghall, Joseph Scott (1974). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Martin Luther King, Jr., Historic District (Landmark)" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-06-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help) and Template:PDFlink
^ Robert W. Blythe, Maureen A. Carroll, and Steven H. Moffson (October 15, 1993). "National Register of Historic Places Registation: Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2009-06-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) and Template:PDFlink
Virtual Tour of Birth Home
The Martin Luther King Jr. National Historic Site and Places that Commemorate His Legacy
"NPS: Fees and Reservations". National Park Service. July 22, 2008. Retrieved 2009-08-31.
Future of King Center up in the air (February 1, 2006)
http://www.thekingcenter.org/
"Visitor Center", Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site, National Park Service site
The Gandhi Promenade at the Martin Luther King National Historic Site
Footsteps of Civil Rights Leaders

References

Coleman, Wim. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site, Enslow Pub. Inc, (2005) - ISBN 0-7660-5225-7

External links

Links to related articles

Protected areas of Georgia

Federal

National Historical Parks, historic sites and military parks	Andersonville NHS Jimmy Carter NHP Martin Luther King Jr. NHP Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park Ocmulgee Mounds NHP
National monuments	Fort Frederica Fort Pulaski
National forests	Chattahoochee–Oconee
National wildlife refuges	Banks Lake Blackbeard Island Bond Swamp Eufaula Harris Neck Okefenokee Piedmont Savannah Wassaw Wolf Island
National Natural Landmarks	Heggie's Rock Marshall Forest Okefenokee Swamp Panola Mountain Wassaw Island
Wilderness areas	Big Frog Wilderness Blood Mountain Wilderness Brasstown Wilderness Cohutta Wilderness Cumberland Island National Seashore Ellicott Rock Wilderness Mark Trail Wilderness Okefenokee Wilderness Raven Cliffs Wilderness Rich Mountain Wilderness Southern Nantahala Wilderness Tray Mountain Wilderness
Wild and scenic rivers	Chattooga River
National trails	Appalachian Trail Pinhoti National Recreation Trail
Other protected areas	Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area Cumberland Island National Seashore Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary Sapelo Island National Estuarine Research Reserve

State

Parks	Amicalola Falls Black Rock Mountain Chattahoochee Bend Cloudland Canyon Crooked River Don Carter Elijah Clark F.D. Roosevelt Florence Marina Fort Mountain Fort Yargo General Coffee George L. Smith George T. Bagby Georgia Veterans Hamburg Hard Labor Creek High Falls Indian Springs Jack Hill James H. "Sloppy" Floyd Laura S. Walker Little Ocmulgee Magnolia Springs Mistletoe Moccasin Creek Panola Mountain Providence Canyon Red Top Mountain Reed Bingham Richard B. Russell Sapelo Island Seminole Skidaway Island Smithgall Woods Sprewell Bluff Stephen C. Foster Sweetwater Creek Tallulah Gorge Tugaloo Unicoi Victoria Bryant Vogel Watson Mill Bridge
Historic parks and sites	A. H. Stephens Chief Vann House Dahlonega Gold Museum Etowah Indian Mounds Fort McAllister Fort King George Fort Morris Hofwyl-Broadfield Plantation Jarrell Plantation Jefferson Davis Memorial Kolomoki Mounds Lapham–Patterson House Lebanon Plantation Little White House New Echota Pickett's Mill Battlefield Robert Toombs House Travelers Rest Wormsloe
Forests	Bartram Broxton Rocks Dawson Dixon Memorial Hightower Paulding Spirit Creek
Other	Centennial Olympic Park Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center Jekyll Island Len Foote Hike Inn Radium Springs Sapelo Island Stone Mountain Park

County,
municipal
and other

Parks	Bobby Brown Park Chehaw Park Cobb County Parks Hartwell Lakeside John Tanner McIntosh Reserve Murphey Candler Park Okefenokee Swamp Park Robert G. Hunter Memorial Park Roswell Recreation and Parks Seaborn Jones Memorial Park Shaking Rock Park Standing Boy Creek Park
Forests and nature preserves	Autrey Mill Nature Preserve & Heritage Center Fernbank Forest Marshall Forest Morningside Nature Preserve Phinizy Swamp Nature Park Reynolds Nature Preserve
Nature and environmental education centers	Birdsong Nature Center Charlie Elliott Wildlife Center Chattahoochee Nature Center Cochran Mill Nature Center Dauset Trails Nature Center Dunwoody Nature Center Elachee Nature Science Center Georgia Nature Center Grand Bay Wetland Education Center Melvin L. Newman Wetlands Center Oatland Island Wildlife Center Oxbow Meadows Environmental Learning Center Panola Mountain State Park Nature Center Sandy Creek Nature Center Savannah-Ogeechee Canal Museum & Nature Center Tidelands Nature Center Tybee Island Marine Science Center West Atlanta Watershed Alliance Outdoor Activity Center

Atlanta landmarks

Current

Cemeteries

Commercial

Educational

Governmental

Monuments

Museums

Parks and
wildlife

Performing
arts

Religious

Residential
(former)

Skyscrapers

Historic (pre-WWII)	Bona Allen (1923) Candler (1906) Carnegie (1925) Connally (1916) Cox-Carlton (1925) Flatiron (1897) Georgian Terrace (1911) Glenn (1923) Healey (1914) Hurt (1926) J. Mack Robinson (Empire) (1901) The Metropolitan (1911) Ponce de Leon Apartments (1913) Rhodes-Haverty (1929) Southern Bell (1929) William-Oliver (1930) Winecoff Hotel (1913) W. D. Grant (1898)
Downtown	25 Park Place (Trust Company of Georgia) 55 Marietta Street (Fulton National Bank) 101 Marietta Street 191 Peachtree Tower Coastal States Building Equitable Five Points Plaza Fourth National Bank building Georgia Power Georgia-Pacific Tower Hyatt Regency Atlanta Marriott Marquis One Park Tower Peachtree Center Peachtree Summit State of Georgia Building Truist Plaza TWELVE Centennial Park Westin Peachtree Plaza Hotel
Midtown	999 Peachtree 12th & Midtown 1010 Midtown 10 Sixty Five Midtown 1075 Peachtree 1100 Peachtree 1180 Peachtree 1280 West Tower Square Regions Plaza Atlantic Station 171 17th Street The Atlantic Bank of America Plaza Coca-Cola Colony Square CNN Center Four Seasons Hotel Atlanta/GLG Grand Mayfair Condominiums One Atlantic Center (IBM Tower) One Georgia Center Promenade II Spire Ten Peachtree Place ViewPoint Yoo on the Park
Buckhead	2828 Peachtree 3344 Peachtree 3630 Peachtree Atlanta Financial Center Atlanta Plaza Buckhead Grand Mandarin Oriental Paramount at Buckhead Park Avenue Condominiums Park Place The Pinnacle Realm Resurgens Plaza Terminus Tower Place
Perimeter Center	Concourse Corporate Center V & VI (King & Queen towers) Park Towers I & II Three Ravinia Drive

Former

Planned
1105 West Peachtree Atlanta Multi-Modal Passenger Terminal Atlanta Symphony Center Midtown Union Opus Place The Stitch

See also: Atlanta sports venues

v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places
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Lists by insular areas	American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands
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Other areas	District of Columbia American Legation, Morocco
Related	National Historic Preservation Act Historic Preservation Fund List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places portal Category

v t e Historic districts in metro Atlanta
Clayton County	Jonesboro
Cobb County	Acworth Acworth Collins Ave. Clarkdale Clarkdale Kennesaw Cherokee St. North Main St. Summers St. Marietta Church St.–Cherokee St. North Marietta Washington Ave. Whitlock Ave.
Coweta County	Newnan Cole Town Greenville St.–LaGrange St. Newnan Commercial Newnan Cotton Mill and Mill Village Northwest Newnan Residential Platinum Point Other Grantville Roscoe–Dunaway Gardens Sargent Senoia
DeKalb County	Atlanta Candler Park Druid Hills (Atlanta) Inman Park–Moreland Kirkwood Avondale Estates Brookhaven Oglethorpe University Decatur Clairemont MAK (McDonough, Adams, King) Ponce de Leon Court South Candler Street–Agnes Scott College Winnona Park Druid Hills Emory Grove Emory University District University Park–Emory Highlands–Emory Estate Stone Mountain
Douglas County	Douglasville
Fulton County	Atlanta Adair Park Ansley Park Atkins Park Atlanta University Center Berkeley Park Brookhaven Brookwood Hills Cabbagetown Castleberry Hill Collier Heights Fairlie–Poplar Fox Theatre Historic District Garden Hills Georgia Tech Grant Park Hotel Row Howell Interlocking Knight Park–Howell Station Inman Park Inman Park–Moreland King Plow/Railroad Historic District (proposed) Knox Apts., Cauthorn House and Peachtree Rd. Apts. Lakewood Heights Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site Means St. Midtown Mozley Park Oakland City Peachtree Highlands–Peachtree Park Pittsburgh Reynoldstown Southern Ry. North Ave. Yards Sunset Ave. (proposed) Sweet Auburn Techwood Homes Underground Atlanta Virginia-Highland Washington Park West End · Whittier Mills Other College Park East Point Industrial District Fairburn Hapeville Roswell
Gwinnett County	Norcross
Hall County	Gainesville Brenau University Chicopee Mill and Village Gainesville Commercial Green Street Green St.–Brenau Other Clermont Flowery Branch Gillsville Lula
Newton County	Covington Covington Covington Mills and Mill Village Floyd Street Other Newborn North Covington Oxford Porterdale Starrsville
Rockdale County	Conyers Commercial Residential

v t e Old Fourth Ward and Sweet Auburn, Atlanta
Martin Luther King Jr. National Historical Park and Preservation District	APEX Museum Atlanta Daily World building Atlanta Life Insurance Company building Auburn Ave. Research Library Big Bethel AME Church Herndon Building (demolished) Gandhi Promenade International Civil Rights Walk of Fame King Birth Home King Center Ebenezer Baptist Church MLK National Historic Site Odd Fellows Bldg. Prince Hall Masonic Temple Sweet Auburn Curb Market Wheat Street Baptist Church
Other buildings	Atlanta Civic Center Atlanta Medical Center Edward C. Peters House Egleston Children's Hospital (1928–1959) Homage to King Morris Brown College (1885–1932) National NuGrape Company Lofts Ponce City Market Rio Shopping Center (demolished) Sister Louisa's Church WSB-TV tower
Neighborhoods	Buttermilk Bottom Sweet Auburn U-Rescue Villa
Parks	Central Park Freedom Park Historic Fourth Ward Park Ponce de Leon amusement park Ponce de Leon Springs Renaissance Park
People	Martin Luther King Jr. Edward C. Peters
Roads	Boulevard Edgewood Avenue Freedom Parkway Freeway revolt (1970s–1980s) Highland Avenue I-485 Ponce de Leon Avenue
Transportation	Atlanta Streetcar King Memorial (MARTA station) Nine-Mile Circle Streetcar Line
Druid Hills Inman Park Midtown Morningside-Lenox Park Poncey–Highland Virginia–Highland All neighborhoods of Atlanta

Martin Luther King Jr.

Speeches, writings, movements, and protests

Speeches	"Give Us the Ballot" (1957) "I Have a Dream" (1963) "How Long, Not Long" (1965) "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" (1967) "I've Been to the Mountaintop" (1968)
Writings	Stride Toward Freedom (1958) "What Is Man?" (1959) "Second Emancipation Proclamation" Strength to Love (1963) "Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963) Why We Can't Wait (1964) Conscience for Change (1967) Where Do We Go from Here: Chaos or Community? (1967)
Movements and protests	Montgomery bus boycott (1955–1956) Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (1957) Albany Movement (1961–1962) Birmingham campaign (1963) March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (1963) St. Augustine movement (1963–1964) Selma to Montgomery marches (1965) Chicago Freedom Movement (1966) Mississippi March Against Fear (1966) Anti-Vietnam War movement (1967) Memphis sanitation strike (1968) Poor People's Campaign (1968)
Organizations	Montgomery Improvement Association Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

People

Family

Coretta Scott King (wife)
Yolanda King (daughter)
Martin Luther King III (son)
Dexter King (son)
Bernice King (daughter)
Martin Luther King Sr. (father)
Alberta Williams King (mother)
Christine King Farris (sister)
A. D. King (brother)
James Albert King (grandfather)
Alveda King (niece)

Other
leaders

Ralph Abernathy (mentor, colleague)
Ella Baker (colleague)
James Bevel (strategist / colleague)
Dorothy Cotton (colleague)
Jesse Jackson (protégé)
Bernard Lafayette (colleague)
James Lawson (colleague)
John Lewis (colleague)
Joseph Lowery (colleague)
Benjamin Mays (mentor)
Diane Nash (colleague)
James Orange (colleague)
Bayard Rustin (advisor)
Fred Shuttlesworth (colleague)
C. T. Vivian (colleague)
Wyatt Walker (colleague)
Hosea Williams (colleague)
Andrew Young (colleague)

Assassination
Lorraine Motel (now National Civil Rights Museum) Riots Funeral James Earl Ray Jack Kershaw U.S. House Select Committee on Assassinations (HSCA) Martin Luther King Jr. Records Collection Act Loyd Jowers Trial Conspiracy theories

Media

Film	King: A Filmed Record... Montgomery to Memphis (1970 documentary) Our Friend, Martin (1999 animated) Boycott (2001 film) The Witness: From the Balcony of Room 306 (2008 documentary) Selma (2014 film) All the Way (2016 film) King in the Wilderness (2018 documentary) MLK/FBI (2020 documentary) Rustin (2023 film)
Television	King (1978 miniseries) "The First Store" (The Jeffersons, 1980) "Great X-Pectations" (A Different World, 1993) "The Promised Land" (New York Undercover, 1997) Selma, Lord, Selma (1999) "Return of the King" (The Boondocks, 2006) Alpha Man: The Brotherhood of MLK (2011 documentary) Genius (MLK/X, 2024)
Plays	The Meeting (1987) The Mountaintop (2009) I Dream (2010) All the Way (2012)
Books	Stride Toward Freedom (1958) Bearing the Cross (1986) King: A Life (2023)
Illustrated	Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story (1957 comic book)
Music	"Abraham, Martin and John" (Dion) "March! For Martin Luther King" (John Fahey) "Martin Luther King's Dream" (Strawbs) "Happy Birthday" (Stevie Wonder) "Pride (In the Name of Love)" (U2) "MLK" (U2) "King Holiday" (King Dream Chorus and Holiday Crew) "By the Time I Get to Arizona" (Public Enemy) "Shed a Little Light" (James Taylor) "Up to the Mountain" (Patti Griffin) "Never Alone Martin" (Jason Upton) "Symphony of Brotherhood" (Miri Ben-Ari) Joseph Schwantner: New Morning for the World; Nicolas Flagello: The Passion of Martin Luther King (1995 album) "A Dream" (Common featuring will.i.am) "Glory" (Common and John Legend)
Related	Civil rights movement in popular culture Estate of Martin Luther King, Jr., Inc. v. CBS, Inc. King v. Trustees of Boston Univ.