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MALDI imaging

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Mouse kidney: (a) MALDI spectra from the tissue. (b) H&E stained tissue. N-glycans at m/z = 1996.7 (c) is located in the cortex and medulla while m/z = 2158.7 (d) is in the cortex, (e) An overlay image of these two masses, (f) untreated control tissue.

MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) is the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imaging technique in which the sample, often a thin tissue section, is moved in two dimensions while the mass spectrum is recorded. Advantages, like measuring the distribution of a large amount of analytes at one time without destroying the sample, make it a useful method in tissue-based study.

Sample preparation

Target for MALDI imaging with two conductive-surface microscope slides.

Scientists take thin tissue slices mounted on conductive microscope slides and apply a suitable MALDI matrix to the tissue, either manually or automatically. Next, the microscope slide is inserted into a MALDI mass spectrometer. The mass spectrometer records the spatial distribution of molecular species such as peptides, proteins or small molecules. Suitable image processing software can be used to import data from the mass spectrometer to allow visualization and comparison with the optical image of the sample. Recent work has also demonstrated the capacity to create three-dimensional molecular images using MALDI imaging technology and comparison of these image volumes to other imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Image production

Images are constructed by plotting ion intensity versus relative position of the data from the sample.

(a) Rat lung tissue, (b-e) distribution of four different phosphatidylcholines present in (a)

Applications

MALDI-IMS involves the visualization of the spatial distribution of proteins, peptides, lipids, drug candidate compounds and their metabolites, biomarkers or other chemicals within thin slices of sample such as animal or plant tissue. It is a promising tool for putative biomarker characterization and drug development.


See also

References

  1. Powers, Thomas W.; Neely, Benjamin A.; Shao, Yuan; Tang, Huiyuan; Troyer, Dean A.; Mehta, Anand S.; Haab, Brian B.; Drake, Richard R. (2014). "MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Profiling of N-Glycans in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Clinical Tissue Blocks and Tissue Microarrays". PLoS ONE. 9 (9): e106255. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106255. ISSN 1932-6203. {{cite journal}}: Missing |author1= (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. McDonnell LA, Heeren RM (2007). "Imaging mass spectrometry". Mass spectrometry reviews. 26 (4): 606–43. doi:10.1002/mas.20124. PMID 17471576.
  3. Chaurand P, Norris JL, Cornett DS, Mobley JA, Caprioli RM (2006). "New developments in profiling and imaging of proteins from tissue sections by MALDI mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 5 (11): 2889–900. doi:10.1021/pr060346u. PMID 17081040.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. Walch, A., Rauser, S., Deininger, S. O., & Hofler, H. (2008). MALDI imaging mass spectrometry for direct tissue analysis: a new frontier for molecular histology. Histochemistry and cell biology, 130(3), 421-434. doi:10.1007/s00418-008-0469-9
  5. Andersson M, Groseclose MR, Deutch AY, Caprioli RM (2008). "Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides: 3D Volume Reconstruction". Nature Methods. 5 (1): 101–108. doi:10.1038/nmeth1145. PMID 18165806.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. Sinha TK, Khatib-Shahidi S, Yankeelov TE, Mapara K, Ehtesham M, Cornett DS, Dawant BM, Caprioli RM, Gore JC (2008). "Integrating Spatially Resolved Three-Dimensional MALDI IMS with in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging". Nature Methods. 5 (1): 57–59. doi:10.1038/nmeth1147. PMC 2649801. PMID 18084298.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. Norris, Jeremy L.; Caprioli, Richard M. (2013). "Analysis of Tissue Specimens by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry in Biological and Clinical Research". Chem. Rev. 113: 2309-2342. doi:10.1021/cr3004295.
  8. Spraggins, Jeffrey M.; Caprioli, Richard M. (2011). "High-Speed MALDI-TOF Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Rapid Ion Image Acquisition and Considerations for Next Generation Instrumentation". J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 22: 1022-1031. doi:10.1007/s13361-011-0121-0.
  9. Nilsson, Anna; Fehniger, Thomas E.; Gustavsson, Lena; Andersson, Malin; Kenne, Kerstin; Marko-Varga, György; Andrén, Per E.; Morty, Rory Edward (14 July 2010). "Fine Mapping the Spatial Distribution and Concentration of Unlabeled Drugs within Tissue Micro-Compartments Using Imaging Mass Spectrometry". PLoS ONE. 5 (7): e11411. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011411.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. Caldwell RL, Caprioli RM (2005). "Tissue profiling by mass spectrometry: a review of methodology and applications". Mol. Cell Proteomics. 4 (4): 394–401. doi:10.1074/mcp.R500006-MCP200. PMID 15677390.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  11. Reyzer ML, Caprioli RM (2007). "MALDI-MS-based imaging of small molecules and proteins in tissues". Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 11 (1): 29–35. doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.035. PMID 17185024.
  12. Woods AS, Jackson SN (2006). "Brain tissue lipidomics: direct probing using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry". The AAPS journal. 8 (2): E391–5. doi:10.1208/aapsj080244. PMC 3231574. PMID 16796390.
  13. Stoeckli M, Staab D, Schweitzer A (2006). "Compound and metabolite distribution measured by MALDI mass spectrometric imaging in whole-body tissue sections". International Journal of Mass Spectrometry. 260 (2–3): 195–202. doi:10.1016/j.ijms.2006.10.007.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. Khatib-Shahidi S, Andersson M, Herman JL, Gillespie TA, Caprioli RM (2006). "Direct Molecular Analysis of Whole-body Animal Tissue Sections by Imaging MALDI Mass Spectrometry". Analytical Chemistry. 78 (18): 6448–6456. doi:10.1021/ac060788p. PMID 16970320.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Further reading

External links

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