This is an old revision of this page, as edited by TWaMoE (talk | contribs) at 21:27, 29 July 2015 (No reason given). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.
Revision as of 21:27, 29 July 2015 by TWaMoE (talk | contribs) (No reason given)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Autonomous okrugs of Russia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
| Autonomous okrug | ||
|---|---|---|
| ||
| Category | Federated state | |
| Location | Russian Federation | |
| Number | 4 | |
| Populations | 42,090 (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) – 1,532,243 (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Areas | 68,200 sq mi (177,000 km) (Nenets Autonomous Okrug) – 289,700 sq mi (750,000 km) (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug) | |
| Government |
| |
| Subdivisions |
| |
Autonomous okrug (Russian: автономный округ, lit. 'avtonomny okrug'), occasionally also referred to as "autonomous district", "autonomous area", and "autonomous region", is a type of federal subject of Russia and simultaneously an administrative division type of some federal subjects. As of 2014, Russia comprises eighty-five federal subjects, of which four are autonomous okrugs.
History
Originally called national okrug, this type of administrative unit was created in the 1920s and widely implemented in 1930 to provide autonomy to indigenous peoples of the North. In 1977, the 1977 Soviet Constitution changed the term "national okrugs" to "autonomous okrugs" in order to emphasize that they were indeed autonomies and not simply another type of administrative and territorial division. While the 1977 Constitution stipulated that the autonomous okrugs are subordinated to the oblasts and krais, this clause was revised on December 15, 1990, when it was specified that autonomous okrugs are subordinated directly to the Russian SFSR, although they still may stay in jurisdiction of a krai or an oblast to which they were subordinated before.
Recent developments
In 1990, ten autonomous okrugs existed within the RSFSR. Between 2005 and 2008, the three autonomous okrugs in which the titular nationality constituted more than 30% of the population were abolished. Since then, three more have been abolished, leaving four.
The ten autonomous okrugs in 1990 were:
| Entity in 1990 | Status in August 2008 |
|---|---|
| Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug | now Agin-Buryat Okrug of Zabaykalsky Krai |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug within Magadan Oblast | no longer subordinated to Magadan Oblast |
| Evenk Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai | now Evenkiysky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai |
| Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast | (no change) |
| Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug | now Komi-Permyak Okrug of Perm Krai |
| Koryak Autonomous Okrug within Kamchatka Oblast | now Koryak Okrug of Kamchatka Krai |
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Arkhangelsk Oblast | (no change) |
| Taymyr Autonomous Okrug within Krasnoyarsk Krai | now Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District of Krasnoyarsk Krai |
| Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug within Irkutsk Oblast | now Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug of Irkutsk Oblast |
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug within Tyumen Oblast | (no change) |
Ethnic composition of autonomous okrugs
The table below also includes autonomous okrugs which have since changed status.
| Autonomous Okrug | titular nation | Russians | other | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| year | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 | 1979 | 1989 | 2002 | 2010 |
| Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug | ▲52,2 | ▲ 54,9 | ▲ 62,5 | ▼42 | ▼ 40,8 | ▼ 35,1 | ||||||
| Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug | ▲61,6 | ▼ 60,2 | ▼ 59 | ▼34,9 | ▲ 36,1 | ▲ 38,1 | ||||||
| Koryak Autonomous Okrug (all indigenous) | 16,3 | ▲ 16,45 | ▲ 26,6 | ▲30,3 | 62,9 | ▼ 62 | ▼ 50,5 | ▼46,2 | 24,9 | ▲ 40,5 | ▲46,5 | |
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug (komi) | ▼12,8 | ▼ 11,9 | ▲ 18,6 |  18,6 |
▲66 | ▼ 65,8 | ▼ 62,4 | ▲ 66,1 | ▼11,1 | ▼ 9,5 | ▲ 10,8 | ▼ 9 |
| Taymyr Autonomous Okrug (nenets) | ▼9,6 | ▼ 8,9 | ▲ 13,8 | ▲ 15,7 | ▲68,9 | ▼ 67,1 | ▼ 58,6 | ▼ 50,0 | ▼5 | ▼ 4,4 | ▲ 7,6 | ▲ 10,1 |
| Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug | ▲34,1 | ▲ 36,3 | ▲ 39,6 | ▼58,3 | ▼ 56,5 | ▼ 54,4 | ||||||
| Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug | ▼1,9 | ▼ 0,9 | ▲ 1,2 | ▲ 1,3 | ▼74,3 | ▼ 66,3 | ▼ 66 | ▲ 68,1 | ▼1,1 | ▼ 0,5 | ▲ 0,7 | ▲ 0,8 |
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (all indigenous) | ▼8,1 | ▼ 7,3 | ▲ 23,4 | ▲ 26,7 | ▼68,6 | ▼ 66,1 | ▼ 51,8 | ▲ 52,5 | 9,6 | ▲ 30,8 | ▲ 35,3 | |
| Evenk Autonomous Okrug | ▼20 | ▼ 14,1 | ▲ 21,5 | ▲ 22,0 | ▲62,5 | ▲ 67,5 | ▼ 61,9 | ▼ 59,4 | ||||
| Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (khants) | ▼10,7 | ▼ 4,2 | ▲ 5,2 | ▲ 5,9 | ▲59,1 | ▲ 59,2 | ▼ 58,8 | ▲ 61,7 | ▼1,5 | ▲ 1,7 | ▲ 1,9 | |
References
- Are the people who are in parentheses next to the autonomous regions and the second-largest two-part indigenous autonomous regions.
- ^ liquidated Autonomous okrug.
See also
- Autonomous republics of the Soviet Union
- Autonomous oblasts of the Soviet Union
- Federal subjects of Russia
- Republics of Russia
| Subdivisions of Russia | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
 | This Russia-related article is a stub. You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it. |