Bengali–Assamese languages

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Bengali–Assamese
Gauda–Kamarupa
Geographic distribution	Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Magadhi Prakrit Eastern Bengali–Assamese
Language codes
Glottolog	`gaud1237` (Gauda–Kamrupa)

The Bengali–Assamese languages (or Assamese–Bengali languages) belong to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. They are the following:

Languages

Language	Native name	Script	Number of speakers (in millions)	Native region
Bengali	বাংলা Bangla	Bengali script	261.8	Bangladesh (national and official) India (West Bengal) (Jharkhand) (Tripura) (Assam) (Andaman and Nicobar islands)
Assamese	অসমীয়া Oxomiya	Bengali script	15.3	India (Assam)
Rangpuri	রংপুরী রাজবংশী কোচ ৰাজবংশী Rongpuri Rajbongši Kʊch rajbongsi	Bengali script	10.8	Bangladesh (Rangpur Division) India (West Bengal and Assam) Nepal (Province No. 1)
Chittagonian	চাঁটগাঁইয়া Čąŧgąiya	Bengali script	13	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Sylheti	ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi	Bengali script Sylheti Nagari script	11.8	Bangladesh (Sylhet Division) India (Assam, Meghalaya, North Tripura)
Rohingya	رُاَࣺينڠَ Ruáingga	Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script	2.52	Myanmar (Rakhine State) Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)
Chakma	𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma	Bengali script Chakma script	0.32	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) India (Mizoram and Tripura) Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Bishnupriya Manipuri	বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri"	Bengali script	0.12	India (Assam, Manipur and Tripura) Bangladesh (Sylhet Division)
Hajong	হাজং Hazong	Bengali script Latin script	0.06	India (Assam and Meghalaya) Bangladesh (Mymensingh Division)
Tanchangya	𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya	Bengali script Chakma script	0.02	Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)

Language comparison chart

English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong
beautiful	dhunia, xundor*	šundor*	šundor*	dol	šundor*		cúndor, hásin
big	daṅor/daṅar, bor	boṛo	boṛo		ḍoõr	boro, daṅar	boro, ákbor, kobira
blood	tez, rokto*	lou, roxto, kun	rôkto, khun	lo	lou		lou, hún, kún
bread	ruti (flat), pauruti, luf, bred*	ruṭi (flat), luf, bereḍ	pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat)		fó*ruti		fiçá, luthi
brother	bhai (younger), kokai (elder), dada (elder)*	bái, báiya*	bhai, dada, bhaiya*		bái	bhai	bái
cat	mekuri, birali	mekur, bilai	biṛal, beṛal		bilai		bilai
dark	andhar, endhar	andáir	ãdhar, ondhokar*		ãdár		añdár, miyonda
daughter	zi, mai, zhia	zi, fuṛi	meye, beṭi		zíi, maia fua	beti	futúni, zíi
day	din, bela	din	din, bêla, dibôš*		din	din	din
dog	kukur	kutta	kukur, kutta				kuñr
door	duar, dorza, dar	dorza, doroza	dôrja, duar		duar*	duar*	duar*
earth	bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi, dunia	dunuai*	dunia, prithibi, dhora*		dunia*		duniyai*
egg	koni, dima	ḍim, enḍa, boida*	ḍim, anḍa, boida*	boda*	boza*, ḍim	dima	andha, dhim
elephant	hati	átti	hati		áti	hati	áñti, háñtih
eye	soku, sokhu	souk, soku	chokh, chokkhu*		sóg		suk
father	deuta, bap, büpai/bapa, baba, aba/abba/abu/abbu*	abba, baf, baba, abbu*, bazi	abba, baba, baap, abbu*		baf, ba		abbá*
fear	bhoy, ḍor	ḍor	bhôy, ḍor		ḍor		ḍor
finger	aṅuli	aṅguil	aṅgul, onguli*		oul			ouñl
fire	zui, aguni*	aguin*	agun, ogni		ain*		ooin*
fish	mas	mas	machh		mas	mas	mas
food	khüabostu, ahar, khayddo, khaüni, khana*	xani	khabar, khana*		hána		hána, háñna
god	bhogowan, issôr, deu, khüda*	rob, xoda, bógoban, ishshor	khoda, ishshôr, uporwala, bhogoban		khúda*		ila, rob, ixor*
good	bhal	bála	bhalo		bala, gom	bhal	gom	bhala
grass	ghah, kher (hay)	ga, gaš	ghaš, khôṛ (hay)		kher	ghaṣ	kérr
hand	hat	át	hat		át	hat	árt
hand fan	bisoni	bisoin, faxa	hat-pakha		bisoin, bisein
head	mur, matha, math	mata	matha, shir*		mata		matá
heart (emotion)	hia, ontor, koliza/koilza, hidoy	dil, ontor	hridôy, pran, ôntor, hiya, dil, kolob*		dil, fôran		dil*
heart (organ)	dil, amothu		hritpindo*				dil*
horse	ghüra	guṛa	ghoṛa		gúṛa		gúñra, gúra
house	ghor	gór, bari, basha	ghôr, baṛi, basha		gor		gor, bari
hunger	bhük	buk, feṭo(r) buk	kkhudha, kkhida, bhukh		bukh		búk
language	bhaxa, mat (call), kotha	basha, zoban, mat, buli	bhaša*, buli	hodá*	baša*	bhaṣa*	zoban, hodá
laughter	hahi	aši	haši		aši	haṣi
life	ziwon/zibon, ziu (soul), zindegi, hayat	zibon, zindegi, hayat	jibôn, zindegi*		zibon	zibon
moon	zün, san(d), sond(r)o*	san(d)	chãd, chondro*		sãn		san	san
mother	ma, ai, mai, ammi/amma*	ma, amma, mai, ai, ammu	ma, amma, ammu, mata*		ma	maö
mouth	mukh, mukhor bhitor	muk, muk*ór bíttor	mukh, mukh*er bhitor		mukh*	muk*
name	nam, naü	nam	nam		nam
night	rati	rait	rat, ratri, shob		rait	rati	rait
peace	xanti*, xokah	shanti*	shanti*		šanti*	ṣanti*
place	thai, zega/zaga*, than	zega, zaga	jayga*, ṭhai		ṭai, zaega*
queen	rani	rani	rani		rani	rani	rani
rest	zironi, aram*	aram*	aram, bishrom		dom*
river	noi, gaṅ, nodi*	ɡaṅg, nodi, doria	nôdi, doriya				hál
road	bat, ali, rasta, poth	rasta, ail, fot	rasta*, shoṛok
salt	nimokh*, lün, nun	nun, lobon, nimox	lobon, nun, nimok		nun, lôbôn*
sister	bhoni (younger), ba/bai (elder)	bóin, afa, afai, afu, api, didimoni	bon, didi, apa, apu, api		boin
small	xoru	huru, suṭo	chhoṭo		gura
son	put, pü, putro/putto*	fut, fua	chhele, putro*, put		fua	beṭa	fut
soul	ziu, atma*	ru(h), atta*	ãtta, pran, ruh*		foran, ru
sun	beli, xuruz, xuydzo	shuruz, shurzo	shurjo*		beil, šuroz*		beil
ten	doh, dos*	dosh	dosh		doš	doṣ
three	tini	tin	tin		tin
village	gaü	gau, geram*	gram*, gã		gãu
waist	kokal, kakal	xomor*	komor*		keĩl		keñil
water	pani	fani	pani, jol		fani	pani, zol	faní	pani
when	ketia	kunbela, xobe, kunshomoe*	kôkhon, kobe		hótte	könbela
wind	botah/batah, hawa*	batash	batash, hawa*		ába*, bataš
wolf	kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox)	hial (jackal, fox)	nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox)		neṛi kutta
woman	maiki manuh, tiri, tirüta, mohila	beṭi, moíla*	mohila, nari		mai fua	beṭi saöa
year	bosor, son*	bosor, shal*	bochhor, shal, borsho		bosor	bosor
yes	hoy, o, ü̃, mm	óe, i, zi* óe	hễ, ji*		ô, ôy
no	nohoy, nai, ühü, na	na, nai, nay	na, nai, nay, noy, nei, non		nô, nôy
yesterday	kali, züa-kali	(goto*-)xail(-ku)	(goto*-)kal(-ke)		goto* hail, goto* halia
English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

Verbs

English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong
ask	xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate)	zika-	jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, jiggesh kor-		pũs ɡor-
bite	kamur-, kamür mar-	xamṛa-, xamor mar-	kamoṛ mar-		hõr-
blow	phu de-, phuk-, phu kor-	fu de-	phu de-
breathe	uxah lo-	dom lo-	šãš ne-, dom ne-
bring	an-	an-	an-, en-		an-
can	par-	far-	par-, per-
catch	dhor-	dór-	dhor-
come	ah-	a-	aś-, eś-		a-		a-	ah-
count	gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor-	gon-, hiśab xor-	gon-, hišab kor-
cry	kand-, kan-	xand-	kãd-		hãd-
cut	kat-	xaṭ-	kaṭ-, keṭ-
do	kor-	xor-	kor-		gor-		ɡor-
die	mor-, dhuka-	mor-	mor-		mor-
dig	khand-	xor-, xus-	khõṛ-, khõc-
drink	kha-, pi kha-, pi-	xa-	kha-, pan kor-
eat	kha-	xa-	kha-, khe-				há-
fall	por-	foṛ-	poṛ-
fear	bhoy kha-, dora-	ḍora-	bhoy pa-, ḍora-
fight	zũz-, maramari/moramori kor-	mara-mari xor-, zogra xor-	maramari kor-
float	üpoṅ-, bhah-	bo-	bhaša-
flow	bo-	bo-	bo-
fly	ur-	uṛ-	uṛ-		ur-		ur-
give	de-, di-	de-, di-	de-, di-
go	za-, ɡo-/ge-	za-, ɡo-, ɡe-	ja-, ɡi-		za-, zo-		za-, zo-
happen	ho-	ó-	ho-		ó-
hear	xun-	hun-	śun-		un-
hit	mar-, pit-, kila-	mar-, kila-	mar-
kill	mar-, mari pela-	mar-, mari fala-	mar-, mer-
know	zan-	zan-	jan-
laugh	hah-	aś-	haś-, heś-		aś-
learn	xik-, xikh-	hik-	śekh-, śikh-					hik-
lie (in bed)	baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por-	xait xor-
live	thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak-	tax-, zinda ro-, basi tax-	thak-, jibito thak-		thah-
look	sa-	sa-	dekh-		sa-
open	khul-	kúl-	khol-		uid-, khúl-
play	khel-	xél-	khel-
pull	tan-	ṭan-	ṭan-, ṭen-
push	thel-	ṭel-	ṭhel-
read	porh/poh/por-	foṛ-	poṛ-		foṛ-
run	dour-, daur-	douṛ-	douṛ-		dũr-
say	ko-, mat-, bul-	xo-, mat-	bol-, ko-	ho-	ho-
scratch	ãsür-	xawza-	ãcoṛ de-
see	dekh-	dex-	dekh-		sa-
sew	xi-, sila-, bo- (weave)	śila-	śela-
sing	ɡa-, gan ga-	gan ɡa-	ɡa-, ɡe-
sit	boh-	bo-	boś-		bo-
sleep	xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar-	hut-, ɡúma-	ɡhuma-, śu-		ɡhum za-
smell	xuṅ-	huṅ(ɡ)-	śũkh-		ũ-
spit	thu pela-, pik-, pik pela-	tu fala-	thu phel-
split	phal-	bang-	bhag kor-
squeeze	sep-, hẽs-	sif-	cap, piṛon
stand	thio ho-, thia-	uba-	dãṛa-			thio-	tía-
stab	khũs-, han-
suck	suh-, sup-, xüh-
swell
swim	xatũr-	hatra-	śatar kor-
think	bhab-, sinta kor-, sint-	bab-, sinta xor-	bhab-
throw	dolia-	iṭa mar-
tie	bandh-	band-	bãdh-, bẽdh-
vomit	bomi kor-	bomi xor-
walk	khüz karh-, bul-	aṭ-	hãṭ-, hẽṭ-		ãd-
want	lag-, bisar-	laɡ-, sa-	ca-		sa-
wash	dhu-	dó-	dhö-				dú-
wipe	mos-, müs-	fus-, mus-
English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong

References

"Bengali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Assamese". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Rangpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Chittagonian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Sylheti". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Rohingya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Chakma". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Bishnupuriya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Hajong". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Tangchangya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.

Indo-Aryan languages

Dardic

Kashmiri	Kashmiri Kishtwari
Shina	Shina Brokskat Kundal Shahi Kalkoti Ushoji Palula Sawi
Pashayi	Pashayi
Kunar	Dameli Gawar-Bati Nangalami Shumashti Wotapuri-Katarqalai
Chitral	Kalasha Khowar
Hazara Division	Indus Kohistani Bateri Chilisso Gowro Kalami Tirahi Mankiyali

Northern

Eastern	Doteli Jumli Nepali
Central	Garhwali Kumaoni
Western	Dogri Kangri Bhadarwahi Churahi Bhateali Bilaspuri Chambeali Gaddi Pangwali Mandeali Mahasu Pahari Jaunsari Kullui Pahari Kinnauri Hinduri Sirmauri Sarazi

Northwestern

Punjabi

Eastern	Punjabi dialects Sansi
Lahnda	Hindko Inku Khetrani Pahari-Pothwari Saraiki

Sindhi

Western

Gujarati	Aer Gujarati Lisan ud-Dawat Jandavra Koli Kachi Parkari Wadiyara Saurashtra Vaghri
Rajasthani	Bagri Goaria Loarki Gujari Dhundari Harauti Malvi Marwari Mewati Mewari Shekhawati Dhatki Od Nimadi
Bhil	Bhili Bhilali Chodri Dhodia–Kukna Dhanki Dubli Bauria Bhilori Mawchi Magari Palya Bareli Pauri Bareli Rathwi Bareli Pardhi Gamit Kalto Vasavi Wagdi Vaagri Booli
Others	Khandeshi Lambadi Dawoodi Domari Romani list of languages

Central

Western	Braj Bhasha Bundeli Haryanvi Hindustani Kauravi Hindi Hinglish/Urdish Urdu Deccani Judeo-Urdu Hyderabadi Urdu Rekhta Kannauji Sansi Sadhukkadi
Eastern	Awadhi Bagheli Chhattisgarhi Fiji Hindi
Others	Parya

Eastern

Bihari

Bhojpuric	Bhojpuri Caribbean Hindustani
Magahi	Magahi Khortha
Maithili	Maithili Angika Bajjika
Sadanic	Sadri Kurmali
Tharuic	Tharu Kochila Buksa Majhi Musasa
Others	Kumhali Kuswaric Bote-Darai Danwar

Gauda–
Kamarupa

Bengali	Bengali dialects Bishnupriya Manipuri Hajong Kharia Thar Kurmukar Mal Paharia Noakhailla Sylheti Tanchangya
Kamarupic	Assamese Kamrupi Goalpariya Rajbanshi (Nepal) Rangpuri Surjapuri
Chittagonian	Chittagonian Chakma Rohingya

Odia

Halbic

Southern

Marathi–
Konkani

Marathic	Marathi Varhadi Andh Berar Deccan Varli Phudagi Katkari Kadodi
Konkanic	Konkani Maharashtrian Konkani Canarese Konkani

Insular

Old

Middle

Early	Ashokan Prakrit Pāli Early Ardhamagadhi
Middle (Prakrit)	Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dramatic Prakrits Ardhamagadhi Magadhi Maharashtri Shauraseni Gāndhārī Gaudi Paishachi
Late (Apabhraṃśa)	Abahattha Apabhraṃśa Elu Kamarupi Khasa Prakrit

Proto-
languages

Unclassified

Badeshi (unknown further classification)
Bazigar
Chinali–Lahul
- Chinali
- Lahul Lohar
Sheikhgal

Pidgins
and creoles

See also: Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages

Category:

Eastern Indo-Aryan languages