Bengali–Assamese languages

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Za-ari-masen (talk | contribs) at 15:49, 1 September 2020 (no need to keep unsourced POV-pushing with cn template, the user has no source to cite). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Revision as of 15:49, 1 September 2020 by Za-ari-masen (talk | contribs) (no need to keep unsourced POV-pushing with cn template, the user has no source to cite)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Sub group of the Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent

Bengali–Assamese
Gauda–Kamarupa
Geographic distribution	Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Nepal
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Bengali–Assamese
Early form	Magadhi Prakrit
Language codes
Glottolog	`gaud1237` (Gauda–Kamrupa)
A map showing geographical distribution of the sub-branches of Bengali-Assamese languages according to the classification of Suniti Kumar Chaterjee.

The Bengali–Assamese languages or Assamese–Bengali languages is a grouping of several languages. This group belongs to the Eastern zone of Indo-Aryan languages. There are 19 languages in this group as listed by Ethnologue including Assamese, Bengali, Bishnupriya, Chakma, Chittagonian, Hajong, Halbi, Kharia Thar, Kurmukar, Lodhi, Mal Paharia, Mirgan, Nahari, Rajbangshi, Rangpuri, Rohingya, Sylheti and Tangchangy.

Languages

Language	Native name	Script	Alphabet	Number of speakers (in millions)	Native region
Assamese	অসমীয়া Oxomiya	Bengali-Assamese script	Assamese alphabet	15.3	India (Assam)
Bengali	বাংলা baṅla	Bengali-Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	261.8	Bangladesh (national and official) India (West Bengal, Jharkhand, Tripura, parts of Assam, Andaman and Nicobar islands)
Bishnupriya Manipuri	বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী Bișnupriya Monipuri	Bengali-Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	0.12	India (Assam, Manipur and Tripura) Bangladesh (Sylhet Division)
Chakma	𑄌𑄋𑄴𑄟 চাকমা Sangma	Bengali-Assamese script Chakma script		0.32	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) India (Mizoram and Tripura) Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Chittagonian	চাঁটগাঁইয়া Čąŧgąiya	Bengali-Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	13	Bangladesh (Chittagong Division) India (Tripura) Myanmar (Rakhine State)
Hajong	হাজং Hazong	Bengali-Assamese script Latin script	Assamese alphabet Bengali alphabet	0.06	India (Assam and Meghalaya) Bangladesh (Mymensingh Division)
Rangpuri/Kamtapuri/Rajbongshi	রংপুরী কামতাপুরী রাজবংশী কোচ ৰাজবংশী Kamatapuri Rajbongši Kʊch rajbongsi	Bengali-Assamese script	Bengali alphabet	10.8	Bangladesh (Rangpur Division) India (West Bengal and Assam) Nepal (Province No. 1)
Rohingya	رُاَࣺينڠَ Ruáingga	Arabic script Hanifi script Latin script		2.52	Myanmar (Rakhine State) Bangladesh (Chittagong Division)
Sylheti	ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ছিলটি Siloŧi	Bengali-Assamese script Sylheti Nagari script	Bengali alphabet	11.8	Bangladesh (Sylhet Division) India (Assam, Meghalaya, North Tripura)
Tanchangya	𑄖𑄧𑄐𑄴𑄌𑄧𑄁𑄉𑄴𑄡 তঞ্চংগ্যা Toncongya	Bengali-Assamese script Chakma script		0.02	Bangladesh (Chittagong Hill Tracts)

Language comparison chart

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

English	Assamese	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Hajong	Kamata	Rohingya	Sylheti
beautiful	dhunia, xundor*	šundor*	dol	šundor*			cúndor, hásin	šundor*
big	daṅor/daṅar, bor	boṛo		ḍoõr		boro, daṅar	boro, ákbor, kobira	boṛo
blood	tez, rokto*	rôkto, khun	lo	lou			lou, hún, kún	lou, roxto, khun
bread	ruti (flat), pauruti, luf, bred*	pão*ruṭi, ruṭi (flat)		fó*ruti			fiçá, luthi	ruṭi (flat), luf, bereḍ
brother	bhai (younger), kokai/kaka (elder), dada (elder)*	bhai, dada, bhaiya*		bái		bhai	bái	bái, báiya*
cat	mekuri, birali	biṛal, beṛal		bilai			bilai	mekur, bilai
dark	andhar, endhar	ãdhar, ondhokar*		ãdár			añdár, miyonda	andáir
daughter	zi, mai, zhia	meye, beṭi		zíi, maia fua		beti	futúni, zíi	zi, fuṛi
day	din, rüz*, bela	din, bêla, roj, dibôš		din		din	din	din, ruz*
dog	kukur	kukur, kutta					kuñr	kutta
door	duar, dorza, dar	dôrja, duar		duar*		duar*	duar*	dorza, doroza, duar*
earth	bhũi, p(r)ithiwi/p(r)ithibi, dunia	duniya, prithibi, dhora*		dunia*			duniyai*	dunuai*
egg	koni, dima	ḍim, anḍa, boida*	boda*	boza*, ḍim		ḍima	andha, dhim	ḍim, enḍa, boida*
elephant	hati	hati		áti		hati	áñti, háñtih	átti
eye	soku, sokhu, noyon*	chokh, chokkhu, ankhi, noyon		sóg			suk	souk, soku, noyon*
father	deuta, bap, büpai/bapa, baba, aba/abba/abu/abbu*	abba, baba, baap, abbu*		baf, ba			abbá*	abba, baf, baba, abbu*, bazi
fear	bhoy, dor	bhôy, ḍor		ḍor			ḍor	ḍor
finger	aṅuli	aṅgul, onguli*		oul	ouñl			aṅguil
fire	zui, aguni, ogni	agun, ogni		ain*			ooin*	aguin*
fish	mas	machh		mas		mas	mas	mas
food	khüabostu, ahar, khayddo, khaüni, khana	khabar, khana*		hána			hána, háñna	xani
god	bhogowan, issôr, deu, khüda*	khoda, ishshôr, uporwala, bhogoban		khúda*			ila, rob, ixor*	rob, xuda
good	bhal	bhalo		bala, gom	bhala	bhal	gom	bála
grass	ghah, kher (hay)	ghaš, khôṛ (hay)		kher		ghaṣ	kérr	ga, gaš
hand	hat	hat		át		hat	árt	át
hand fan	bisoni	hat-pakha		bisoin, bisein				bisoin, faxa
head	mur, matha, math	matha, shir*		mata			matá	mata
heart (emotion)	hia, ontor, koliza/koilza, hidoy	hridôy, pran, ôntor, hiya, dil, kolob*		dil, fôran			dil*	dil, ontor, kolob*
heart (organ)	dil, amothu	hritpindo*					dil*	dil*
horse	ghüra	ghoṛa		gúṛa			gúñra, gúra	guṛa
house	ghor	ghôr, baṛi, basha, khana		gor			gor, bari	gór, bari, basha, khana
hunger	bhük	kkhudha, kkhida, bhukh		bukh			búk	buk, feṭo(r) buk
language	bhaxa, mat (call), kotha, raw	bhaša*, buli	hodá*	baša*		raw, bhaṣa*	zoban, hodá	basha, zoban, mat, buli
laughter	hahi	haši		aši		haṣi		aši
life	ziwon/zibon, ziu (soul), zindegi, hayat	jibôn, zindegi*		zibon		zibon		zibon, zindegi, hayat
moon	zün, san(d), sond(r)o*	chãd, chondro*		sãn	san		san	san(d)
mother	ma, ai, mai, ammi/amma*	ma, amma, ammu, mata*		ma		maö, ai		ma, amma, mai, ai, ammu
mouth	mukh*	mukh*		mukh*		muk*		muk
name	nam, naü	nam		nam				nam
night	rati, nixa, ratri	rat, ratri, shob		rait		rati	rait	rait, raitri, shob
peace	xanti*, xokah	shanti*		šanti*		ṣanti*		shanti*, salamot
place	thai, zega/zaga*, than	jayga, ṭhai, sthan		ṭai, zaega*				zega, zaga
queen	rani	rani		rani		rani	rani	rani
rest	zironi, aram*	aram, bishrom		dom*				aram*
river	noi, gaṅ, nodi*	nôdi, doriya					hál	ɡaṅg, nodi, doria
road	bat, ali, rasta, poth	rasta*, shoṛok						rasta, ail, fot
salt	nimokh*, lün, nun	lobon, nun, nimok		nun, lôbôn*				nun, lobon, nimox
sister	bhoni (younger), ba/bai (elder)	bon, didi, apa, apu, api		boin				bóin, afa, afai, afu, api, didimoni
small	xoru	chhoṭo		gura				huru, suṭo
son	put, pü, putro/putto*	chhele, putro*, put		fua		beṭa	fut	fut, fua
soul	ziu, atma*	ãtta, pran, ruh*		foran, ru				ru(h), atta*
sun	beli, xuruz, xuydzo	shurjo*		beil, šuroz*			beil	shuruz, shurzo
ten	doh, dos*	dosh		doš		doṣ		dosh
three	tini	tin		tin				tin
village	gaü	gram*, gã		gãu				gau, geram*
waist	kokal, kakal	komor*		keĩl			keñil	xomor*, xaxal
water	pani	pani, jol		fani	pani	pani, zol	faní	fani
when	ketia, ketiyake	kôkhon, kobe		hótte		könbela		kunbela, xobe, kunshomoe*
wind	botah/batah, hawa*	batash, hawa*		ába*, bataš				batash
wolf	kukurnesia bagh, xial (jackal, fox)	nekṛe-bagh, sheyal/shiyal (jackal, fox)		neṛi kutta				hial (jackal, fox)
woman	maiki manuh, tiri, tirüta, mohila	mohila, nari		mai fua		beṭi saöa		beṭi, moíla*
year	bosor, son*	bochhor, shal, borsho		bosor		bosor		bosor, shal*
yes	hoy, o, ü̃, mm	hễ, ji*		ô, ôy				óe, i, zi* óe
no	nohoy, nai, ühü, na	na, nai, nay, noy, nei, non		nô, nôy				na, nai, nay
yesterday	kali, züa-kali	(goto*-)kal(-ke)		goto* hail, goto* halia				(gese-)xail(-ku), (goto*-)xail(-ku)
English	Assamese	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Hajong	Kamata	Rohingya	Sylheti

* = borrowed terms (including tatsamas, ardhatatsamas and other borrowings)

Verbs

English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong
ask	xudh-, xudhpus kor- (investigate)	zika-	jiggaśa kor-, puchh-, jiggesh kor-		pũs ɡor-
bite	kamur-, kamür mar-	xamṛa-, xamor mar-	kamoṛ mar-		hõr-
blow	phu de-, phuk-, phu kor-	fu de-	phu de-
breathe	uxah lo-	dom lo-	šãš ne-, dom ne-
bring	an-	an-	an-, en-		an-
can	par-	far-	par-, per-
catch	dhor-	dór-	dhor-
come	ah-	a-	aś-, eś-		a-		a-	ah-
count	gon-, hisap kor-, gonti kor-	gon-, hiśab xor-	gon-, hišab kor-
cry	kand-, kan-	xand-	kãd-		hãd-
cut	kat-	xaṭ-	kaṭ-, keṭ-
do	kor-	xor-	kor-		gor-		ɡor-
die	mor-, dhuka-	mor-	mor-		mor-
dig	khand-	xor-, xus-	khõṛ-, khõc-
drink	kha-, pi kha-, pi-	xa-	kha-, pan kor-
eat	kha-	xa-	kha-, khe-				há-
fall	por-	foṛ-	poṛ-
fear	bhoy kha-, dora-	ḍora-	bhoy pa-, ḍora-
fight	zũz-, maramari/moramori kor-	mara-mari xor-, zogra xor-	maramari kor-
float	üpoṅ-, bhah-	bo-	bhaša-
flow	bo-	bo-	bo-
fly	ur-	uṛ-	uṛ-		ur-		ur-
give	de-, di-	de-, di-	de-, di-
go	za-, ɡo-/ge-	za-, ɡo-, ɡe-	ja-, ɡi-		za-, zo-		za-, zo-
happen	ho-	ó-	ho-		ó-
hear	xun-	hun-	śun-		un-
hit	mar-, pit-, kila-	mar-, kila-	mar-
kill	mar-, mari pela-	mar-, mari fala-	mar-, mer-
know	zan-	zan-	jan-
laugh	hah-	aś-	haś-, heś-		aś-
learn	xik-, xikh-	hik-	śekh-, śikh-					hik-
lie (in bed)	baɡor-, kati ho-, bisonat/bisnat por-	xait xor-
live	thak-, zi(ai) thak-, tik-, basi thak-	tax-, zinda ro-, basi tax-	thak-, jibito thak-		thah-
look	sa-	sa-	dekh-		sa-
open	khul-	kúl-	khol-		uid-, khúl-
play	khel-	xél-	khel-
pull	tan-	ṭan-	ṭan-, ṭen-
push	thel-	ṭel-	ṭhel-
read	porh/poh/por-	foṛ-	poṛ-		foṛ-
run	dour-, daur-	douṛ-	douṛ-		dũr-
say	ko-, mat-, bul-	xo-, mat-	bol-, ko-	ho-	ho-
scratch	ãsür-	xawza-	ãcoṛ de-
see	dekh-	dex-	dekh-		sa-
sew	xi-, sila-, bo- (weave)	śila-	śela-
sing	ɡa-, gan ga-	gan ɡa-	ɡa-, ɡe-
sit	boh-	bo-	boś-		bo-
sleep	xu-, ɡhuma-, tüponi za/mar-	hut-, ɡúma-	ɡhuma-, śu-		ɡhum za-
smell	xuṅ-	huṅ(ɡ)-	śũkh-		ũ-
spit	thu pela-, pik-, pik pela-	tu fala-	thu phel-
split	phal-	bang-	bhag kor-
squeeze	sep-, hẽs-	sif-	cap, piṛon
stand	thio ho-, thia-	uba-	dãṛa-			thio-	tía-
stab	khũs-, han-
suck	suh-, sup-, xüh-
swell
swim	xatũr-	hatra-	śatar kor-
think	bhab-, sinta kor-, sint-	bab-, sinta xor-	bhab-
throw	dolia-	iṭa mar-
tie	bandh-	band-	bãdh-, bẽdh-
vomit	bomi kor-	bomi xor-
walk	khüz karh-, bul-	aṭ-	hãṭ-, hẽṭ-		ãd-
want	lag-, bisar-	laɡ-, sa-	ca-		sa-
wash	dhu-	dó-	dhö-				dú-
wipe	mos-, müs-	fus-, mus-
English	Assamese	Sylheti	Bengali	Chakma	Chittagonian	Kamata	Rohingya	Hajong

References

The origin and development of Bengali language https://archive.org/details/OriginDevelopmentOfBengali/page/n235/mode/1up%7CChaterjee%7Cpage=140
"Bengali-Assamese". Ethnologue. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
"Assamese". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Bengali". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Bishnupuriya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Chakma". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Chittagonian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
Hajong, Abonis; Philipps, D.; Philipps, V. (2008). Hajong – Ingreji Sobdojor Bôy: Hajong – English Phrasebook (PDF). SIL International. p. 1.
"Hajong".
^ "Hajong". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Rangpuri". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Rohingya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
^ "Sylheti". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
"Tangchangya". Ethnologue. Retrieved 12 March 2018.

Bibliography

Hajong, Abonis; Phillips, D; Phillips, V (2008), Hajong–English Phrase Book, SIL International

Indo-Aryan languages

Dardic

Kashmiri	Kashmiri Kishtwari
Shina	Shina Brokskat Kundal Shahi Kalkoti Ushoji Palula Sawi
Pashayi	Pashayi
Kunar	Dameli Gawar-Bati Nangalami Shumashti Wotapuri-Katarqalai
Chitral	Kalasha Khowar
Hazara Division	Indus Kohistani Bateri Chilisso Gowro Kalami Tirahi Mankiyali

Northern

Eastern	Doteli Jumli Nepali
Central	Garhwali Kumaoni
Western	Dogri Kangri Bhadarwahi Churahi Bhateali Bilaspuri Chambeali Gaddi Pangwali Mandeali Mahasu Pahari Jaunsari Kullui Pahari Kinnauri Hinduri Sirmauri Sarazi

Northwestern

Punjabi

Eastern	Punjabi dialects Sansi
Lahnda	Hindko Inku Khetrani Pahari-Pothwari Saraiki

Sindhi

Western

Gujarati	Aer Gujarati Lisan ud-Dawat Jandavra Koli Kachi Parkari Wadiyara Saurashtra Vaghri
Rajasthani	Bagri Goaria Loarki Gujari Dhundari Harauti Malvi Marwari Mewati Mewari Shekhawati Dhatki Od Nimadi
Bhil	Bhili Bhilali Chodri Dhodia–Kukna Dhanki Dubli Bauria Bhilori Mawchi Magari Palya Bareli Pauri Bareli Rathwi Bareli Pardhi Gamit Kalto Vasavi Wagdi Vaagri Booli
Others	Khandeshi Lambadi Dawoodi Domari Romani list of languages

Central

Western	Braj Bhasha Bundeli Haryanvi Hindustani Kauravi Hindi Hinglish/Urdish Urdu Deccani Judeo-Urdu Hyderabadi Urdu Rekhta Kannauji Sansi Sadhukkadi
Eastern	Awadhi Bagheli Chhattisgarhi Fiji Hindi
Others	Parya

Eastern

Bihari

Bhojpuric	Bhojpuri Caribbean Hindustani
Magahi	Magahi Khortha
Maithili	Maithili Angika Bajjika
Sadanic	Sadri Kurmali
Tharuic	Tharu Kochila Buksa Majhi Musasa
Others	Kumhali Kuswaric Bote-Darai Danwar

Gauda–
Kamarupa

Bengali	Bengali dialects Bishnupriya Manipuri Hajong Kharia Thar Kurmukar Mal Paharia Noakhailla Sylheti Tanchangya
Kamarupic	Assamese Kamrupi Goalpariya Rajbanshi (Nepal) Rangpuri Surjapuri
Chittagonian	Chittagonian Chakma Rohingya

Odia

Halbic

Southern

Marathi–
Konkani

Marathic	Marathi Varhadi Andh Berar Deccan Varli Phudagi Katkari Kadodi
Konkanic	Konkani Maharashtrian Konkani Canarese Konkani

Insular

Old

Middle

Early	Ashokan Prakrit Pāli Early Ardhamagadhi
Middle (Prakrit)	Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dramatic Prakrits Ardhamagadhi Magadhi Maharashtri Shauraseni Gāndhārī Gaudi Paishachi
Late (Apabhraṃśa)	Abahattha Apabhraṃśa Elu Kamarupi Khasa Prakrit

Proto-
languages

Unclassified

Badeshi (unknown further classification)
Bazigar
Chinali–Lahul
- Chinali
- Lahul Lohar
Sheikhgal

Pidgins
and creoles

See also: Indo-Iranian languages; Nuristani languages; Iranian languages

Categories: