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Revision as of 13:01, 19 March 2011 edit86.92.236.252 (talk)No edit summary← Previous edit		Latest revision as of 16:02, 21 November 2023 edit undo109.241.162.167 (talk) →Chemistry: Daltons → daltons, see Dalton (unit)#Unit name
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			{{short description|Pharmaceutical drug}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫	| IUPAC_name =
			| Watchedfields = changed
	| image = Icodextrin skeletal.svg
			| verifiedrevid = 461936512
⚫	| synonyms =
		⚫	| IUPAC_name =
⚫	| CAS_number = 337376-15-5
			| image =Dextrin_skeletal.svg
	| CAS_supplemental =
			<!-- Clinical data -->
⚫	| ATC_prefix = B05
			| tradename =
⚫	| ATC_suffix = DA
			| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|international|icodextrin}}
⚫	| ATC_supplemental =
		⚫	| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
⚫	| PubChemSubstance = 17397419
		⚫	| pregnancy_US = C
⚫	| DrugBank = DB00702
	| KEGG = D03266		| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled -->
		⚫	| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
⚫	| chemical_formula = (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>n</sub>
		⚫	| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->
⚫	| molecular_weight = 13–19 ]
	| smiles =		| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
		⚫	| legal_status = Rx
⚫	| bioavailability = 40% in 12 hours
⚫	| protein_bound =
⚫	| metabolism = ]
⚫	| elimination_half-life =
⚫	| excretion = ]
⚫	| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
⚫	| pregnancy_US = C
	| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled-->
⚫	| legal_CA = <!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->
⚫	| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->
	| legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
⚫	| legal_status = Rx
	| routes_of_administration = ]		| routes_of_administration = ]
			<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->
		⚫	| bioavailability = 40% in 12 hours
		⚫	| protein_bound =
		⚫	| metabolism = ]
		⚫	| elimination_half-life =
		⚫	| excretion = ]
			<!-- Identifiers -->
			| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
		⚫	| CAS_number = 337376-15-5
		⚫	| ATC_prefix = B05
		⚫	| ATC_suffix = DA
		⚫	| ATC_supplemental =
		⚫	| PubChemSubstance = 17397419
			| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
		⚫	| DrugBank = DB00702
			| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
			| UNII = 2NX48Z0A9G
			| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
			| KEGG = D03266
			| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
			| ChEMBL = 1201472
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			| ChemSpiderID = none
			<!-- Chemical data -->
		⚫	| chemical_formula = (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>n</sub>
		⚫	| molecular_weight = 13–19 kg/mol
			| smiles =
		⚫	| synonyms =
	}}		}}
	'''Icodextrin''' (], ]) is a ] ] agent used in form of an ] solution for ] under the trade name '''Extraneal''',<ref name="RxList" /> and after gynecological ] surgery for the reduction of post-surgical ]s (fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs) under the trade name '''Adept'''.<ref name="FDA" />		'''Icodextrin''' (], ]) is a ] ] agent, derived from ],<ref name="maltod">{{cite book |title=Clinical evidence, Issue 14 |pages=1046 |author=American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine |year=2005 |publisher=BMJ Pub. Group}}</ref> used in form of an ] solution for ] under the trade name '''Extraneal''',<ref name="RxList" /> and after gynecological ] surgery for the reduction of post-surgical ]s (fibrous bands that form between tissues and organs) under the trade name '''Adept'''.<ref name="FDA" />
			==Chemistry==
	==Physical and chemical properties==
	Icodextrin is a ]-derived, branched, water-soluble ] ] linked by α-(1→4) and less than 10% α-(1→6) ]s, making it a type of ]. Its weight-average molecular weight is between 13,000 and 19,000 ]s and its number-average molecular weight between 5,000 and 6,500 Daltons. The substance is a white to off-white solid, and the solution is clear and colourless to pale yellow.<ref name="FDA" />		Icodextrin is a ]-derived, branched, water-soluble ] ] linked by α-(1→4) and less than 10% α-(1→6) ]s, making it a type of ]. Its weight-average molecular weight is between 13,000 and 19,000 ]s and its number-average molecular weight between 5,000 and 6,500 daltons. The substance is a white to off-white solid, and the solution is clear and colourless to pale yellow.<ref name="FDA" />
	==Mechanism of action==		==Mechanism of action==
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	]]]		]]]
	When used for peritoneal dialysis, the icodextrin solution absorbs waste products from the blood, and is removed from the peritoneum after a few hours together with the waste.<ref>{{pmid|12962523}}</ref>		When used for peritoneal dialysis, the icodextrin solution absorbs waste products from the blood, and is removed from the peritoneum after a few hours together with the waste.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Frampton JE, Plosker GL | title = Icodextrin: a review of its use in peritoneal dialysis | journal = Drugs | volume = 63 | issue = 19 | pages = 2079–105 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12962523 | doi = 10.2165/00003495-200363190-00011 }}</ref>
	==Pharmacokinetics==		==Pharmacokinetics==
	Icodextrin is not significantly metabolised inside the peritoneum. Instead, it is absorbed slowly (40% after 12 hours) into the bloodstream via the ]s. There it is broken down into ]s by the enzyme ]. In patients with intact kidney function, both icodextrin and its fragments are excreted via the kidney by ].<ref name="RxList">RxList.com: </ref><ref name="FDA">FDA: </ref>		Icodextrin is not significantly metabolised inside the peritoneum. Instead, it is absorbed slowly (40% after 12 hours) into the bloodstream via the ]s. There it is broken down into ]s by the enzyme ]. In patients with intact kidney function, both icodextrin and its fragments are excreted via the kidney by ].<ref name="RxList">{{cite web | work = RxList.com | url = http://www.rxlist.com/extraneal-drug.htm | title = Extraneal }}</ref><ref name="FDA">{{cite web | work = FDA | url = http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cdrh_docs/pdf5/P050011c.pdf | title = Adept (4% Icodextrin) Adhesion Reduction Solution }}</ref>
	==Contraindications==		==Contraindications==
	Icodextrin is contraindicated in patients with cornstarch allergy, ] or ] intolerance, ], or severe ].<ref name="Drugs.com">Drugs.com: </ref>		Icodextrin is contraindicated in patients with cornstarch allergy, ] or ] intolerance, ], or severe ].<ref name="Drugs.com">{{cite web | work = Drugs.com | url = https://www.drugs.com/pro/extraneal.html | title = Extraneal }}</ref>
	==Adverse effects==		==Adverse effects==
	Adverse effects include ], ], ] (high blood pressure), ]es, and headache. Of these side effects, only hypertension and rashes occurred significantly more often than under glucose solution; the other events seem to be related to peritoneal dialysis in general.<ref name="Drugs.com" />		Adverse effects include ], ], ] (high blood pressure), ]es, and headache. Of these side effects, only hypertension and rashes occurred significantly more often than under glucose solution; the other events seem to be related to peritoneal dialysis in general.<ref name="Drugs.com" />
	==Interactions==		== Interactions ==
	Icodextrin can mimic increased ] levels, depending on the used testing system. Specifically, glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ) or glucose-dye-oxidoreductase (GDO) based tests can erroneously show high blood glucose in patients that have been treated with icodextrin.<ref name="Drugs.com" />		Icodextrin can mimic increased ] levels, depending on the used testing system. Specifically, glucose dehydrogenase pyrroloquinolinequinone (GDH-PQQ) or glucose-dye-oxidoreductase (GDO) based tests can erroneously show high blood glucose in patients that have been treated with icodextrin.<ref name="Drugs.com" />
	==References==		== References ==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}
			{{Blood substitutes and perfusion solutions}}
	{{B03, B05, B06}}
	]		]